黑龙江东部桦南地区早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩的成因及其地质意义

为确定黑龙江省东部桦南地区早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩的岩石成因及其构造背景,对花岗闪长斑岩样品进行了锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学测试分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果显示,桦南地区花岗闪长斑岩形成于(123±1)Ma的早白垩世。岩石具有较高的SiO_2(66.06%~68.75%)和全碱(6.40%~7.23%)含量,较低的MgO(1.19%~1.50%)含量,并且富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U、K)和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti及P元素,显示其具有I型花岗岩属性。花岗闪长斑岩的正ε_(Hf)(t)值(+6.30~+11.51)及其二阶段模式年龄(778~445Ma)指示其原始岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合年代学、地球化学特征与区域地质调查结果,认为桦南地区早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩的形成与太平洋板块的俯冲作用有直接联系。     

Study on Yanshanian metallogenic granitoids magmatism in Baoshan deposit,southern Hunan ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文对湘南宝山花岗闪长斑岩进行了系统的锆石和磷灰石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素研究,并探讨了宝山花岗闪长斑岩的岩石成因和构造意义。锆石和磷灰石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,宝山花岗闪长斑岩的成岩年龄为160Ma。综合元素和同位素地球化学证据,宝山花岗闪长斑岩的成因可能为新生地壳与古老地壳的混合熔融,同时宝山花岗闪长斑岩中发现的890±20Ma的继承锆石,验证了新元古代新生地壳的参与。磷灰石的主微量元素研究显示花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的氧逸度和Cl含量,Sr/Th比值具有较大变化,而La/Sm比值变化不大等特征,表明形成花岗闪长斑岩岩浆的母岩受到俯冲板片脱水形成的流体交代作用影响。在上述过程中,富含Cl和H2O的流体从板片中释放出来,引发地幔楔熔融,并对矿床中成矿金属元素进行提取。由于古太平洋板块俯冲引发的伸展-减薄运动,在地幔上涌过程中,新元古代新生地壳发生部分熔融,这些高温岩浆底侵老地壳源区,诱发老地壳部分熔融,进而发生了强烈的壳-壳混合作用,产生花岗闪长质岩浆。     

黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

报导了黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,以限定该区花岗闪长斑岩的形成时代及其构造属性。花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石多呈自形-半自形晶,振荡环带发育,Th/U值主要为0.31～1.23,指示其岩浆成因。对岩浆锆石的定年结果表明,这些花岗闪长斑岩均形成于晚白垩世（90.2～94.8 Ma）,而非前人认为的晚印支期。结合研究区及其邻区同时代火成岩的组合特征和古太平洋板块的构造演化历史,认为黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩形成于古太平洋板块向东亚大陆俯冲的构造背景,该期岩浆事件标志着古太平洋板块正向俯冲作用的开始。     

福建紫金山矿集区浸铜湖花岗斑岩的成因及构造意义

华南中生代花岗岩成因研究对指示华南岩石圈演化机制具有重要意义,也是成岩成矿作用研究的重要内容。利用原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素及Hf同位素组成分析,对紫金山矿田内浸铜湖铜钼矿床发育的花岗斑岩开展研究,获得其成岩年龄为(101.1±1.9)Ma,属早白垩世。浸铜湖花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素εHf(t=101 Ma)为-6.1~0.7,两阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.09~1.51 Ga,不支持其形成于华夏陆壳基底物质或壳源(变质)沉积岩的直接熔融。锆石Ce4+/Ce3+值指示岩浆氧逸度较低,表明其成因类似于华南分异的I型花岗岩,主要源于火成岩的部分熔融作用,可能有少量地幔物质的加入。华南晚中生代古太平洋板块受俯冲作用影响,发育大规模岩浆活动,其构造背景为活动大陆边缘环境。     

皖南泾县榔桥岩体锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和地球化学特征及其找矿指示意义

安徽泾县榔桥花岗闪长岩体为分布于皖南台褶带北缘壳幔同熔型复式岩体。该岩体主侵入期两个花岗闪长岩样品和侵入后期脉岩一个花岗斑岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为135.6±1.8Ma,137.6±2.0Ma,136.4±1.9Ma,显示岩体形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素分析表明榔桥岩体可能由中元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成,同时混染有少量古元古代地壳物质。根据全岩Zr含量计算出榔桥岩体花岗闪长岩"锆石饱和温度"为749~781℃,脉岩花岗斑岩"锆石饱和温度"为722~745℃,指示岩浆在成岩过程中快速冷却;元素地球化学研究显示,本区岩石在成岩过程中发生斜长石、钾长石以及副矿物磷灰石、钛铁矿的分离结晶作用。锆石Ce(Ⅳ)/Ce(Ⅲ)比值计算表明榔桥岩体成岩过程中的高氧逸度有利于该区域发生Cu-Au矿化,而斜长石的分离结晶使得EuN/EuN*比值降低,为0.2~0.4。榔桥岩体具有富集大离子亲石元素以及Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr,Ti),以及轻重稀土发生明显的分异,轻稀土相对重稀土明显富集的特征,与岛弧岩浆岩类似;大地构造背景判别表明该岩体的形成与古太平洋板块对欧亚大陆的俯冲碰撞作用密切相关。     

皖南祁门地区东源钨钼矿区花岗闪长斑岩SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

江家等系列花岗闪长斑岩是皖南祁门县东源钨钼矿区含矿岩体的组成部分,位于东源花岗闪长岩的西侧。对江家和方村花岗闪长斑岩进行的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,江家、方村花岗闪长斑岩的结晶年龄为149~152Ma,与富钨的东源花岗闪长岩相近。岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析显示,江家等系列花岗闪长斑岩源区具有复杂的多成分端元,其中老锆石核的正εHf值反映了成岩岩浆对晋宁期岩浆岩的继承,震荡岩浆环带的负εHf值(-39.5~-2.86)指示源区的主要成分为古老的地壳物质,有少量地幔物质的混染。全岩锆石饱和温度(737~913°C)显示岩浆组成中有幔源物质的贡献。     

云南格咱岛弧带休瓦促Mo W Cu矿床两期岩浆作用的锆石U Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及构造意义

锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,休瓦促Mo-W-Cu矿床含矿花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为202±3.5Ma,形成于甘孜-理塘洋壳向西俯冲时期;含矿二长花岗岩的形成年龄为83.3±1.7Ma,形成于燕山晚期造山后伸展环境。Hf同位素原位分析结果显示,花岗闪长岩中锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.87~4.12(平均为0.09),T_(MD1)年龄541~828Ma,T_(DM2)年龄为719~1109Ma,表明岩体形成的物质来源除壳源物质之外,也有幔源物质的混入;二长花岗岩中锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-7.96~-2.75(平均为-5.54),T_(MD1)年龄为820~1019Ma,T_(DM2)年龄为1102~1391Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)0,表明岩石是由古老地壳物质的部分熔融形成的产物。休瓦促两期含矿岩体的锆石U-Pb定年与Hf同位素原位分析显示,区内存在晚三叠世和晚白垩世两期构造-岩浆-成矿作用。晚三叠世花岗闪长岩岩浆侵入及Cu多金属成矿作用与洋壳俯冲造山有关;而晚白垩世二长花岗岩岩浆侵入及Mo多金属成矿作用主要形成于陆-陆碰撞造山的构造背景。研究表明,从晚三叠世洋壳俯冲造山至晚白垩世造山后伸展作用过程中都存在构造-岩浆-成矿作用的发生,且在晚三叠世构造-岩浆活动的基础上叠加了晚白垩世的成岩成矿作用,这为区内复合叠加成矿作用的研究提供了例证。     

安徽姚家岭锌金多金属矿区花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

姚家岭锌金多金属矿床位于铜陵矿集区东部,其形成与小青塘花岗闪长斑岩密切相关.然而,前人对该岩体的研究仍较少,为了深入认识姚家岭矿区的成矿作用,利用岩石地球化学的方法,对花岗闪长斑岩及锆石特征进行研究,结果表明:花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的SiO2,K2O/Na2O比值为0.68~1.02,为I型花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列;锆石具有明显的环带结构,Th/U比值为0.34~1.20,为典型的岩浆锆石;锆石的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为141.0±1.7 Ma,说明花岗闪长斑岩形成于早白垩世;锆石的εHf(t)为-22.5~-9.2,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1 639~2 620Ma,表明形成花岗闪长斑岩的岩浆是古元古代地壳岩石部分熔融的产物.此外,研究还表明,花岗闪长斑岩的结晶温度为558~739℃,成岩压力为50~250MPa.     

皖南祁门地区东源钨钼矿区花岗闪长斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

江家等系列花岗闪长斑岩是皖南祁门县东源钨钼矿区含矿岩体的组成部分,位于东源花岗闪长岩的西侧。对江家和方村花岗闪长斑岩进行的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,江家、方村花岗闪长斑岩的结晶年龄为149~152Ma,与富钨的东源花岗闪长岩相近。岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析显示,江家等系列花岗闪长斑岩源区具有复杂的多成分端元,其中老锆石核的正εHf值反映了成岩岩浆对晋宁期岩浆岩的继承,震荡岩浆环带的负εHf值（-39.5~-2.86）指示源区的主要成分为古老的地壳物质,有少量地幔物质的混染。全岩锆石饱和温度（737~913°C）显示岩浆组成中有幔源物质的贡献。     

西藏波龙斑岩铜金矿床成矿斑岩年代学、岩石化学特征及其成矿意义

波龙斑岩铜金矿床是近年来在青藏高原中部发现的最大的斑岩型矿床,波龙矿床发育两期花岗闪长斑岩和一期花岗斑岩,两期花岗闪长斑岩是波龙矿床的成矿斑岩。本文开展了波龙矿床三期斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,三期斑岩在120Ma集中侵位。两期花岗闪长斑岩均富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土、高场强元素,Eu异常不明显,显示出岛弧岩浆岩的特征;两期花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值分别为0.70562－0.70711和0.70567－0.70850,εNd(t)分别为-4.0－-3.1和-8.0－-2.4,εHf(t)值分别变化于2.5－6.9和3.3－6.9,表明两期花岗闪长斑岩起源于新生的下地壳;花岗斑岩也具有岛弧岩浆岩的岩石化学特征,但其具有较高εNd(t)值(-0.7－-0.2)和εHf(t)值(1.3－12.2),可能表明花岗斑岩也起源于下地壳,但有更多幔源物质混入。波龙斑岩铜金矿床形成于班公湖－怒江洋壳向北俯冲末期,其成岩－成矿可能与洋壳俯冲关系密切,但波龙矿床的三期斑岩均起源于新生的下地壳,可能表明在120Ma南羌塘地块南缘开始逐步加厚。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。