用镭同位素评价海水滞留时间及海底地下水排泄

海底地下水排泄(submarine groundwater discharge, SGD)难以直接测量, 镭同位素和氡-222等天然示踪剂使得间接评价SGD通量成为可能.为了评价五缘湾的水体滞留时间和SGD通量, 实测了湾内海水、湾外海水和地下水中224Ra和226Ra的活度, 利用224Ra和226Ra半衰期的差异, 采用224Ra与226Ra的活度比值计算湾内水团的年龄和平均滞留时间, 利用224Ra和226Ra的质量平衡模型计算SGD通量.五缘湾13个站位的水团年龄在0.6~2.4 d之间, 湾顶水团年龄相对较大, 平均海水滞留时间1.4 d.地下水输入五缘湾的224Ra和226Ra通量分别为5.17×106 Bq/d和5.28×106 Bq/d, 将该通量用地下水端元的活度转换成为SGD通量分别是0.21 m3/m2/d(224Ra平衡模型)和0.23 m3/m2/d(226Ra平衡模型), 两种模型的结果较接近, 其平均值0.22 m3/m2/d可作为五缘湾的海底地下水排泄通量.      

镭同位素示踪盐湖地下水排放通量——以大柴旦盐湖为例

为了解大柴旦盐湖地下水排放通量,测试了深部热水、浅层地下水、河流水、盐湖表层水中镭同位素(223 Ra、224 Ra、226 Ra和228 Ra)的活度值.研究结果表明湖水中223 Ra、224 Ra、226 Ra和228 Ra的活度值,在盐度较低时随着盐度的增加而升高,当盐度大于168.99‰时,则随着盐度的增加而降低,这是由于在靠近河口区湖中镭同位素先发生解吸,蒸发后期湖中镭同位素发生了共沉淀的原因.223 Ra、224 Ra和228 Ra的活度值在深部地下热水比在自然露头热水中高;而226 Ra正好相反,自然露头地下热水中226 Ra具有明显的积累现象.丰水期深部地下热水、浅层地下水和河流三个端元对大柴旦湖中镭同位素贡献比例分别为0.01、0.31和0.68.水体平均停留时间是9.13 d.由深部地下热水排放到大柴旦的通量变化范围为1.17×103±2.02～1.31×103±10.17 m3/d,平均为1.24×103±12.20 m3/d,浅层地下水排放通量变化范围为1.58×106±4.92×103～2.61×106±2.71×104m3/d,平均为2.09×106±3.20×104m3/d.本研究将为盐湖中地下水排放示踪提供一种有效的方法.     

用镭同位素评价九龙江河口区的地下水输入

为评价九龙江河口区的地下水输入量及其输送的营养盐数量,建立了天然存在的镭同位素224Ra和226Ra的质量平衡模型。镭的源项考虑了河流的输入、河流悬浮颗粒的解吸、沉积物再悬浮颗粒的解吸、沉积物扩散输入、涨潮时外海的输入和地下水的输入;镭的汇项考虑了镭的放射性衰变,以及退潮时河口水的输出。根据镭的质量平衡计算,地下水输入的镭通量约占河口区镭总输入通量的41.9%~56.9%,转换成地下水输入量为1.65亿1.83亿m3/d,该地下水输入量是河流径流输入量的4倍多。以陆源地下淡水占总的地下水输入量的10%考虑,计算获得营养盐输入通量分别为461万mol/d(DIN)、22万mol/d(DIP)、694万mol/d(DSi),它们分别约是河流输入营养盐通量的23%(DIN)、28%(DIP)、77%(DSi)。结果表明九龙江河口的地下水输入量及其所输送的营养盐相当可观,所输入的营养盐是海域富营养化的潜在影响因素,在未来的河口环境管理中应引起重视。     

镭同位素示踪隆教湾的海底地下水排泄

福建省漳州市隆教湾海水中镭同位素的研究,目的是评价海底地下水排泄量。在2007年6月的航次中,垂直于岸线的9km剖面上布置15个站位,每个站位用潜水泵采集表层海水样60L于塑料桶中。水样运回实验室后,立即用装有锰纤维的PVC管以虹吸的方式富集水样中的镭同位素,水通过PVC管的流速小于300ml/min。224Ra活度用连续射气法测定,测完224Ra后密封7d以上,然后用直接射气法测定226Ra活度。224Ra和226Ra活度都呈现自岸向海逐渐降低的规律,表明扩散控制镭同位素的分布,由224Ra获得68.83km2d-1的扩散系数,同时226Ra形成-0.963dpm100l-1km-1的活度梯度。用扩散系数和活度梯度建立的226Ra的离岸通量为6.62×1011dpmkm-2d-1,这个通量一定是得到SGD输入的镭支持,从而获得隆教湾的海底地下水排泄量是3.03×109m3km-2d-1。该排泄量包括陆源地下淡水排泄量和再循环海水排泄量,绝大部分可能是再循环海水,有待进一步研究。     

中国东海的224Ra

用锰纤维富集-射气法测量了东海水体中的224 Ra,研究了东海夏季和冬季水体中224 Ra的水平与垂直分布,夏季224 Ra比活度为＜LLD～5.88 Bq/m3,平均值为0.85 Bq/m3;冬季为＜LLD～7.50 Bq/m3,平均值为0.72 Bq/m3;两个季节表层水224 Ra的分布趋势大致相同,随着离岸距离...     

环境水样中铀、钍、镭和铅同位素及其比值的系统分析

本文研究了从5L水中用铁、铅、钡和铈作载体,系统分析~(234)U、~(238)U、~(228)Th、~(230)Th~(232)Th、~(224)Ra、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb的含量或比值。铀、钍经Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集后用TBP萃淋树脂柱分离,用激光荧光和比色法测定,同位素比值用α谱仪测量,化学回收率在90％以上,测量下限分别为1μg/L和3μg/L。镭、铅经硫酸盐沉淀富集后,用EDTA在不同pH条件下分离,~(224)Ra和~(226)Ra用射气法测定,~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb分别用其β子体~(228)Ac和~(210)Bi在低本底β装置上测量,测量下限分别为2.5×10~(-2)、8×10~(-3)、4×10~(-3)和5×10~(-3)Bq/L。     

3112矿床深部矿体偏镭的放射性同位素研究

应用铀、钍、锕铀系中~(228)Ra、~(230)Th、~(231)Pa、~(232)Th等同位素与~(38)U、~(226)Ra之间存在量关系探索了3112矿床深部矿体偏镭的原因。结果表明该矿床深部偏镭是外来镭后期叠加所致。分析数据显示,严重的偏镭现象难以用局部偏铀地段的镭流失予以补偿。这就提示有隐伏镭源体铀存在的可能性。本文所述方法也适用于地表放射性异常性质的判别研究。     

沉积物-水界面交换研究的天然放射性同位素~(224)Ra/~(228)Th新体系

本课题组建立了天然放射性同位素新体系—~(224)Ra/~(228)Th不平衡法,用于研究沉积物-水界面物质交换。本文详细介绍了该方法的原理和现状,及其在沉积物-水界面溶解物质交换通量与机制、定量评估沉积物与水体间不同尺度传输方式(孔隙水交换和海底地下水排放)等方面的应用;探讨其潜在应用前景,指出近岸和陆架沉积物-水界面铁通量及其对冰期-间冰期大气CO_2周期变化的影响、沉积物作为水生环境"二次污染源"风险的定量评估是其潜在应用方向。     

广东省部分地区土壤放射性核素的测定和剂量评估

天然及人工放射性是目前生态研究领域的热点之一。在本次试验中,抽查了广东省内不同土壤(沉积物)类型中放射性核素~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的含量,49件样品中~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的含量分别为84.3(17.9～209.1)Bq/kg、103.0(10.6～263.8)Bq/kg、77.7(12.0～206.0)Bq/kg和463.3(15.3～1557.6)Bq/kg,地表空气中的伽马吸收剂量率为126.8(27.2～265.9)nGy/h。研究区样品的等效镭为260.7(33.5～619.0)Bq/kg,外部危害指数值为1.2(0.15～2.8),年有效剂量率确定在155.5(33.3～326.1)μSv/y。将每件样品分为岩石背景、地貌背景和土壤类型三个变量因子,随机森林分析表明,样品中的放射性核素分布主要受控于不同的岩石背景,其次为土壤类型和地貌特征。与国内外不同地区的研究对比,广东省内土壤样品中的放射性核素浓度高于国内和全球的平均值,但放射性水平在安全范围内。     

基于~(222)Rn质量平衡模型的胶州湾海底地下水排泄

海底地下水排泄(SGD)作为全球水循环的一个组成部分,近年来成为陆海相互作用的研究热点。地球化学示踪法是研究海底地下水排泄的主要手段。本文以环境同位素222Rn作为示踪剂,通过构建222Rn质量平衡模型来评价胶州湾的海底地下水排泄,并进一步估算地下水输入的营养盐。222Rn质量平衡模型的源项考虑了河流的输入、沉积物的扩散、母体226Ra的支持,汇项考虑了222Rn的自身衰变、222Rn散逸到大气的损失以及与湾外海水的混合损失,源汇项的差值则作为地下水输入的222Rn通量。结果表明,2011年9—10月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为24.2 L?m–2?d–1,2012年4—5月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为7.8 L?m–2?d–1。丰水季节地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐低于河流输入的,但是枯水季节地下水输入的营养盐接近河流输入的,特别是输入的活性磷酸盐和硅酸盐很接近。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of