华北地块北缘晚古生代——早中生代岩浆活动期次、特征及构造背景

通过对华北陆块北缘近年来获得的晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩锆石U-Pb及部分39Ar-40Ar测年结果的分析,认为该区晚古生代—早中生代期间至少经历了泥盆纪、早石炭世晚期—中二叠世及二叠纪末—三叠纪等3期明显的岩浆作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400～360Ma左右,岩性主要为碱性岩(正长岩及二长岩),其次为基性-超基性岩、二长闪长岩、碱性花岗岩及流纹岩,出露面积较少。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动时限在330～265Ma左右,岩性主要为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及花岗岩,其次为辉长岩及英云闪长岩。二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动(250～200Ma),岩性主要为钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及碱性杂岩,其次为基性-超基性岩及少量中酸性火山岩。华北地块北缘晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩呈近东西走向的带状分布,其中泥盆纪及早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆岩主要分布在内蒙古隆起上,而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆岩分布范围更大,其南界可以到达燕山构造带最南端的蓟县盘山及太行山北段的河北涿鹿矾山地区。这些广泛分布的多期次岩浆活动表明华北地块北缘在晚古生代—早中生代期间经历了复杂的岩浆及构造作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动可能与白乃庙岛弧岩带与华北克拉通弧-陆碰撞后的伸展作用有关。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动的形成与古亚洲洋向华北地块的俯冲作用有关。而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动的形成与华北地块与西伯利亚南缘蒙古增生褶皱带拼合后的伸展及岩石圈拆沉作用有关。     

华北地块北缘泥盆纪岩浆活动及其构造背景

晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩广泛分布在华北地块北缘,构成了沿华北地块北缘呈近东—西向分布的上千公里的岩浆岩带。泥盆纪岩浆岩作为其中的组成部分,虽然分布范围不及石炭—二叠纪岩浆岩广泛,但近十多年来随着研究工作的深入,越来越多的泥盆纪岩浆岩被发现,其构造背景及意义也逐渐引起重视。对华北地块北缘近年来发现的泥盆纪岩浆活动进行总结分析表明,泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400~360 Ma左右,其中碱性侵入岩和基性—超基性侵入岩时代主要集中在400~380 Ma之间,沿华北地块北缘自东向西均有分布;火山岩则主要集中在400 Ma和360 Ma,主要分布在华北北缘东段的赤峰地区。泥盆纪侵入岩在岩石组合上以碱性杂岩及碱性花岗岩为主,其次为二长闪长岩、基性—超基性杂岩。泥盆纪火山岩则以变质流纹质火山岩—次火山岩—火山碎屑岩及变质玄武安山岩、玄武岩（斜长角闪岩）为主,总体上具有双峰式岩石组合特征。综合研究该地区构造演化历史及泥盆纪岩石组合、弱构造变形特征、岩石地球化学与同位素地球化学组成等,认为泥盆纪岩浆活动的形成与白乃庙岛弧和华北地块在晚志留世发生弧—陆碰撞后的伸展背景有关。华北北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩带的形成对于认识古生代期间地壳增生过程、方式及古亚洲洋最终闭合时间有重要科学意义。      

小兴安岭西北部石炭纪地层火山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学及其地质意义

小兴安岭西北部晚古生代火山-沉积地层时代的厘定对讨论区域构造演化具有重要意义。本文对该区晚古生代火山岩和粉砂岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,原晚石炭世-早二叠世宝力高庙组、早二叠世大石寨组和晚二叠世五道岭组火山岩均形成于石炭纪,锆石U-Pb年龄集中于353～352Ma和307～306Ma。早石炭世洪湖吐河组上部粉砂岩的碎屑锆石具有两组206Pb/238U谐和年龄,其加权平均年龄分别为385.2±6Ma和353.0±3.6Ma,前者与区域中晚泥盆世钙碱性火山岩的时代相近,后者与早石炭世火山岩的年龄一致,表明沉积物源主要来自中晚泥盆世-早石炭世火山岩,沉积上限为杜内期。新的年代学资料及地层学资料表明,区域早石炭世火山活动(353～352Ma)伴有洪湖吐河组海相沉积,晚石炭世火山活动(307～306Ma)则伴有宝力高庙组陆相沉积。综合区域上普遍缺失巴什基尔阶,认为大兴安岭北部-小兴安岭西北部地区早石炭世晚期发生的海-陆转变与额尔古纳-兴安地块和松嫩地块的碰撞拼合密切相关,早石炭世火山岩可能形成于碰撞前的俯冲环境,晚石炭世火山岩形成于碰撞后的伸展背景。     

内蒙古敖汉旗朝吐沟组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

内蒙古赤峰敖汉旗一带的朝吐沟组由变基性岩、变质酸性火山岩夹云母石英片岩组成。采用LA-ICP-MS技术,对朝吐沟组2件变流纹岩样品进行了U-Pb同位素测定,获得的锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为359.4±1.4Ma和360.3±1.4Ma,即晚泥盆世法门期,表明朝吐沟组形成于晚泥盆世,而非前人认为的早石炭世。朝吐沟组火山岩石组合为变玄武岩和变流纹岩,显示出典型的双峰式火山岩特征,揭示该区在晚泥盆世处于伸展构造环境。     

华北板块北缘赤峰地区晚古生代地层特征

华北板块北缘晚古生代地层发育特征明显不同于华北板块本部。华北板块北缘发育的晚古生代地层总体上表现为海相、海陆过渡相、陆相的完整沉积序列;华北板块本部发育的晚古生代地层为一套海陆交互相,厚度较薄的稳定沉积序列。通过采集华北板块北缘石炭系朝吐沟组、二叠系清凤山组火山岩锆石U-Pb测年,前者为348.2±1.9Ma,为下石炭统;后者为255.5±2.5Ma,为上二叠统,两者锆石均具有岩浆成因。锆石测年确定了华北板块北缘晚古生代地层的地质年龄,为该地区地层的鉴定提供了可靠的依据。     

甘肃北山地区北部上石炭统火山岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其构造意义

北山地区处于华北板块、塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的交会带,其晚古生代洋陆转化备受关注,但久有争议。该区晚古生代地层学研究不足,制约了对构造演化的深入讨论。通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb测年获得北山北部黑鹰山地区原定为下石炭统白山组火山岩的年龄分别为308．6Ma±1．0Ma和299．1Ma±2．4Ma,时代为晚石炭世。研究区内白山组时代的修订可以为该区构造演化提供一定的依据。     

兴蒙造山带中段北部晚古生代两期岩浆活动及其构造意义

兴蒙造山带位于中亚造山带东段,长期以来是地质学家研究的焦点区域。内蒙古巴彦乌拉地区位于兴蒙造山带中段北部苏尼特左旗以北,广泛出露晚古生代宝力格组火山—沉积地层和酸性侵入岩体。本文对阿尔善宝拉格附近的宝力格组中性火山岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩岩墙,及巴彦乌拉苏木南部花岗闪长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,定年结果显示,宝力格组火山岩年龄为310.5±0.78 Ma,与巴彦乌拉苏木北部地区火山岩年龄(307.1±6.3Ma,308.9±1.8Ma)一致,证明本区宝力格组地层形成于晚石炭世;花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩岩墙年龄分别为312.5±0.75 Ma和286.6±0.75 Ma,形成时代分别为晚石炭世和早二叠世;通过区域对比分析认为,兴蒙造山带北部晚古生代存在晚石炭世和早二叠世两期重要的岩浆活动,统计获得峰值年龄分别为318Ma和281Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示,本区晚石炭世宝力格组火山岩具有由低钾拉斑向钙碱性、碱性系列过渡的特征,并以钙碱性和碱性系列为主;早二叠世花岗斑岩为A型花岗岩,具有与邻区锡林浩特及巴彦乌拉—东乌珠穆沁旗带内A型花岗岩类似的地球化学特征;在花岗岩构造判别图中,花岗斑岩落入后造山区域,晚石炭世到早二叠世期间岩浆的形成环境向后造山环境逐渐演化,同时在SiO2和Na2O对K2O相关图解中,K2O含量具有增高变化的趋势,暗示构造环境有向更加稳定的板内环境演变的特征。因此,结合前人地质资料,兴蒙造山带北部晚古生代大量火山岩浆活动可能与二连—贺根山蛇绿混杂带形成有关,晚石炭世时期研究区处于后造山阶段,随着早二叠世大量A型花岗岩、碱性岩浆和双峰式火山岩的形成,该区进入造山后期更广泛的伸展环境。     

Discovery of the Late Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in the Guyang area,eastern Yinshan Block,and its geological implicationsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

在华北克拉通北缘阴山地块东部固阳地区发现了假白榴石粗面玄武岩和钾质粗面岩两种高钾准铝质碱性火山岩。地质年代学数据显示,假白榴石粗面玄武岩的磷灰石U-Pb年龄为322±14Ma,钾质粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为315.6±7.5Ma,说明其形成时代均为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,二者均富Al、Fe,贫Mg;富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba和K),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb和Ti),轻重稀土分异明显,富集轻稀土,相对亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.710028~0.714745),低εNd(t)值(-9.0~-17.2),表现出相似的交代岩石圈地幔源区和地壳混染特征。将该碱性火山岩与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩和阴山地块白垩纪中基性火山岩进行岩石类型对比,发现华北克拉通北缘产出的火山岩多为高钾碱性系列,而兴蒙造山带中产出的火山岩则多为钙碱性系列;与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩进行岩石成因对比,发现它们的岩浆源区和混染程度并不相同,即固阳地区碱性火山岩为受到早古生代俯冲沉积物交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中混染华北克拉通TTG片麻岩后喷发的产物,而兴蒙造山带中火山岩的产出则多为亏损地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中轻度混染地壳物质后喷发的结果。在固阳地区发现晚石炭世碱性火山岩,代表着古亚洲洋在该时期的后造山伸展作用范围已延伸至华北克拉通北缘。     

内蒙古赤峰地区二叠纪火山岩的发现及其地质意义

为探讨赤峰西部铭山隆起带上的大面积火山岩的地质意义,对该区开展1︰5万区域矿产地质调查时,通过野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年及区域地层对比,发现该区火山岩不同于晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩,且发育明显的绿色蚀变现象;下部角闪安山岩的测年结果为273.6±2.2Ma,为二叠系额里图组。该区火山岩属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆经历了矿物的分离结晶过程,是同源岩浆连续演化的产物,具有由底至顶由中基性向中酸性岩浆演化、稀土元素总量逐渐增高的特点。研究认为,该期火山岩的形成与晚古生代古亚洲洋向华北地块的俯冲作用有关,应是太古界至元古代的结晶基底和晚泥盆世岩浆产物的重熔岩浆喷发形成,其形成的构造环境为安山弧。     

内蒙古敖汉旗地区晚泥盆世-早石炭世双峰式火山岩的发现及其地质意义

在内蒙古中东部荒漠草原浅覆盖区1∶5万填图试点工作基础上,对内蒙古敖汉旗北部波罗和硕-萨力巴-步登皋一带原划分为二叠系额里图组火山岩进行了岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究。岩石学特征表明这套火山岩以玄武岩和流纹岩组合为主,局部发生弱变质作用,两者呈相间或互层出露。地球化学成分上由基性和酸性两个岩石端元组成,在中性岩的范围出现了明显的间断,表现出典型的"双峰式"火山岩组合特征。选取4件代表性流纹岩样品开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年研究,分别获得了(361±2) Ma、(359±2) Ma、(350±28)Ma和(338±1)Ma的成岩年龄,时代上属于晚泥盆世末期-早石炭世,根据区域对比应将其划为朝吐沟组(D3-C1ch)。流纹岩表现出高硅富碱贫铝铁的地球化学特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列,与典型的A型花岗岩或碱性流纹岩平均成分接近,属于造山后火山岩。玄武岩相对低MgO、高FeO,具有板内玄武岩的特征,成因上可能与弧陆碰撞后伸展造山环境有关;结合区域已有研究成果及认识,认为华北板块北缘赤峰地区晚泥盆世伸展作用持续到早石炭世,根据本文获取的最近年龄结果,将该期伸展作用的时间上限确定为338 Ma。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。