非洲矿业发展概况

矿业是非洲多数国家的支柱性产业之一,在其国民经济发展中起着关键性作用.本文综合中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心(南部非洲)和中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(北部非洲)取得的阶段性研究成果对非洲矿业发展情况进行了简要总结.39个非洲主要国家中,最新年度矿业产值超过150亿美元的国家有7个,矿业产值占其GDP的比例超过6％的国家有24个,近10年矿业产值占其GDP的平均比例超过6％的国家有22个.非洲大陆以冈瓦纳构造域为主体,其下伏基底主要为太古宙至古元古代变质沉积岩、变质岩浆岩和岩浆岩,内部的太古宙克拉通常被一系列新元古代造山带所包围,部分基底被泛非期岩浆岩侵入.非洲大陆构造演化主要包括古老克拉通陆核的形成阶段(>35亿年)、克拉通演化阶段(35～16.5亿年)、地台发育和陆内裂解阶段(16.5～6亿年)、地台盖层和大断裂发育阶段(6亿年以来)等四个阶段,以新元古代泛非事件为标志可以将非洲大陆进一步划分为5个Ⅱ级构造单元.非洲地区优势矿产主要包括石油、天然气、金、铁、钴、铜、铅锌、铝土矿、铀、钾盐等近30种,本文详细介绍了镍、钴、铬、铜、铁等11个矿种的矿业项目、储量和资源量以及矿床地质特征等相关信息,可为中资企业在非洲开展矿业投资等提供权威可靠的地质资料和理论认识.     

“十三五”期间中国探矿权及地质勘查投资时空演变

基于详细的统计数据,从时间、空间、结构等多个纬度,对中国探矿权及地质勘查投资情况进行了时间序列、因素相关性等对比分析和综合研究,为政府管理部门制定政策和规划提供参考依据。通过研究,揭示了影响探矿权及地质勘查投资的主要因素、底层逻辑和发展规律,并认为受国内外宏观经济增速放缓、地缘政治等因素影响,特别是国内相关产业政策、生态和环境保护压力,“十三五”期间中国探矿权数、地质勘查投入和新发现矿产地持续大幅度减少。“十三五”期间,新立探矿权同比减少52.1%,注销探矿权数是“十二五”期间的3.7倍多。油气矿产的探矿权登记面积和地质勘查投资分别占全国的96%和77.6%;非油气矿产探矿权数占全国的90%以上,有近60%的非油气探矿权在西部地区;非油气地质勘查投资中,水工环及科技等投资额占居半壁江山。预计中国在能源矿产、战略性矿产等勘查领域将增加勘查投入,地质勘查投资将于2024年后逐渐走出低谷。     

非洲大陆构造单元划分

非洲大陆地质演化历史悠久,矿产资源丰富.综合已有研究成果,对非洲大陆地质背景、构造单元划分及主要构造单元特征进行简要总结.非洲大陆跨特提斯和冈瓦纳两大构造域,大部分属于冈瓦纳构造域,主要由太古宙—古元古代结晶基底、上覆盖层和泛非构造带组成.根据非洲大陆地质背景和构造演化,在前人研究的基础上,将非洲大陆划分为2个一级构造...     

郭庚茂省长一行赴几内亚看望我省地质队员

本刊讯 2012年2月20日,河南省省委副书记、省长郭庚茂在几内亚期间．专门看望了河南省地矿局地质二队几内亚项目部的地质队员们。     

《华南地质与矿产》征稿简则

《华南地质与矿产》为国土资源部宜昌地质矿产研究所主办的综合性地学学术刊物(季刊,国内外公开发行),以报导地调科研成果为主要任务,促进学术和科技信息交流为目的。本刊栏目主要包括基础地质、矿床地质、环境地质、同位素地质、水文地质与工程地质、灾害地质、农业地质、测试方法与技术、矿产品开发和利用,以及综合评述和动态报导等。来稿要求和注意事项1.来稿应论点明确、数据可靠、条理清晰、文字精炼。每篇论文须包括题目、作者姓名、及邮政编码、中英文摘要和关键词(3~8个)、中国图书类分类号、正文、参考文献以及第一作者简介(包括姓…     

《华南地质与矿产》征稿简则

《华南地质与矿产》为国土资源部宜昌地质矿产研究所主办的综合性地学学术刊物(季刊,国内外公开发行),以报导地调科研成果为主要任务,促进学术和科技信息交流为目的。本刊栏目主要包括基础地质、矿床地质、环境地质、同位素地质、水文地质与工程地质、灾害地质、农业地质、测试方法与技术、矿产品开发和利用,以及综合评述和动态报导等。来稿要求和注意事项1.来稿应论点明确、数据可靠、条理清晰、文字精炼。每篇论文须包括题目、作者姓名、及邮政编码、中英文摘要和关键词(3~8个)、中国图书类分类号、正文、参考文献以及第一作者简介(包括姓…     

几内亚矿产开发现状及矿业投资展望

几内亚矿产资源丰富,铝土矿储量居世界首位,拥有宁巴山和西芒杜两座世界级铁矿床,石墨、金、金刚石等矿产资源也较丰富。矿业在其国民经济中占有十分重要的地位,丰富的资源吸引了力拓、俄罗斯铝业等国际大型矿业公司和赢联盟、中国铝业集团、中国河南国际等中资矿企在几内亚从事矿业开发。中几两国友好交往源远流长,经济互利合作不断发展。中国是几内亚第一大铝土矿出口国,同时也是几内亚第二大进口来源国,据商务部统计,2019年我与几内亚双边贸易额同比增长17.6%。本文系统梳理了几内亚的地质概况、主要矿产资源、勘查开发现状,认为几内亚丰富的矿产资源与我国具有良好的资源互补性。双方矿业合作互利共赢,随着政府及企业在基础设施建设的投资不断增加,几内亚矿业投资前景良好,有望成为中国海外矿业新基地。     

“模式找矿”与“非模式找矿”

本文强调了应研究总结已知矿床及其地质背景的地质、地球物理、地球化学特征,建立找矿模式.提出在利用这种模式指导找矿工作的同时应重视另一类找矿工作,即在地质调查研究程度较高地区找新类型矿床、新种类矿产以及新产出条件的矿床;或者是在地质调查研究程度不高的地区开展找矿工作.在这些情况下找矿对象的具体特征并不清楚,很难选定哪一种具体找矿模式作为找矿工作的依据,如果仅仅按照“模式找矿”思路部署工作并不合适.作者建议加强这方面的研究,从更广泛的成矿地质背景上探讨这类找矿问题的特点、规律,以指导找矿工作.作者称这种找矿思路为“非模式找矿”,以示和“模式找矿”相区别.     

几内亚共和国Firawaya一带铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志

几内亚拥有丰富的矿产资源,目前宁巴山铁矿和西芒杜铁矿均为世界级铁矿,位于几内亚东南部,品位均达到66%~68%。本文通过对矿区地质特征的研究,确立磁铁矿的找矿标志,对指导本区域BIF型铁矿的地质找矿具有实际意义。     

基于GIS的人工神经网络矿产预测系统设计

将地理信息系统(GIS)和人工神经网络(ANN)相结合,提出基于GIS的人工神经网络矿产预测系统设计方案,实现了从地质变量优选到人工神经网络成矿预测结果图形显示的计算机自动化处理,并对其中的主要模块:地质变量优选模块、数据库管理模块和神经网络成矿预测模块进行了介绍,简要说明了各模块功能实现中所应用的主要技术.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of