渭河盆地现今三维地壳运动及断裂活动性研究

渭河盆地GPS(1990~2015年)水平运动速率为4.3~11.6 mm/a，方向在107.8°E和110.5°E依次由西部的SEE转为中部的SE及东部的近E向。1980~2014年水准资料揭示，该地区垂向以继承性运动为主，速率-4.6~6.2 mm/a。鄂尔多斯地块以3 mm/a抬升，内部差异运动小于1 mm/a；盆地相对其以5 mm/a下沉，相对秦岭以4 mm/a下沉。垂向运动在凹陷和凸起区表现为四象限特征，断块/断裂交接处差异运动大、地震多发，西、南部断裂活动大于东、北部。岐山-马召等断裂以差异运动为主，渭河断裂中段达5 mm/a，其他断裂在3 mm/a以内。     

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin （Bulgaria-Greece）

The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation,drinking water production,diversions for industrial water,and risk of pollution from mining,to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Ele?nica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for the future. It will mean an increase in water usage and more stress for the water resources if regional impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.     

Seismic waves in a layered half-space from an arbitrary buried source

In this paper, a transfer matrix and a three-dimensional dynamic response of a layered half-space to an arbitrary buried source are derived with the aid of a technique which combines the Laplace and two-dimensional Fourier transforms in a rectangular coordinate system. This method is clear in concept, and the corresponding formulas given in the paper are simple and convenient for marine seismic prospecting and other fields' applications. An example is presented and the calculated results are in good agreement with those of the finite element method (FEM).     

Reviving Ancient Water Tunnels in the Desert-Digging for Gold？

The water shortage in the Middle East is a well-known problem. The introduction of diesel operated pumps for irrigation has caused a severe drop in groundwater levels. At the same time the demand for groundwater is growing to alarming proportions. Alternative ways of groundwater supply and management need to be found to halt social and economical disaster in the future. Why not look at history？ Qanats are subterranean tunnels ancient civilizations built to access groundwater. The technique is a sustainable method of groundwater extraction. Throughout the Middle East some settlements still make use of these ancient systems. In the summer of 2000, a community rehabilitation of a qanat was executed International Center for Areas （ICARDA） and with support from the Agricultural Research in Dry international donors. The renovation served as a pilot community intervention within a participatory action research project aimed at evaluating the use of qanats in Syria. In a second stage of the project, the pilot was scaled up to a nation-wide survey of Syrian qanats in 2001. This resulted in qanat renovations on other sites executed in 2oo2 and 2oo3 with further international support. This paper compares the first pilot renovation with a recent qanat renovation that took place in Qarah, Syria.     

四川省CORS网地壳运动速度场模型研究

使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据，并提取坐标时间序列，获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析，结果表明，四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a，速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E；欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a，优势方向为S77.78°E，较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a；垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a，整体上表现为隆升状态，位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势，可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致；最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a，最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a，其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西，低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。     

联合GPS与重力资料反演福建地区地壳运动

联合福建省近几年的GPS基本网、基准站观测数据和重力复测数据,反演福建块体的分块运动参数和主要活动断裂运动状态。结果显示,受欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块相互碰撞的影响,福建地区块体的运动样式大体呈现顺时针方向的运动,造成北东向断裂作左旋走滑运动,而北西向断裂以右旋走滑为主。其中,长乐-诏安断裂带、邵武-河源断裂带和永安-晋江断裂带是块体内最活跃的断裂带,其左旋走滑速率分别为0.7±1.3、0.7±1.7和0.6±1.8mm/a,九龙江下游断裂带具有0.5±1.7mm/a的右旋走滑速率。     

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ON LAND USE/COVER CHANGE IN THE PAST TEN YEARS IN CHINA USING SPACE TECHNOLOGY

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔａｎｄｆｕｔｕｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｐａｃｅｂａｓｅｄｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｈａｓｂｒｏｕｇｈｔａｒｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｐｏｌｉｃｙｆｏｒｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｒｅａｌｔｉｍｅａｎｄｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｌａｒｇｅａｒ…     

利用GRACE/GRACE-FO重力卫星探测黄河流域水储量能力及极端气候发生的可能性

基于2004~2021年GRACE/GRACE-FO重力卫星数据反演黄河流域陆地水储量时空变化,并构建干旱指数模型和洪水因子模型,对黄河流域的极端气候现象进行分析研究。结果表明,2004~2021年黄河流域的陆地水储量以0.56 cm/a的速度减少,具有明显的季节周期性特征,在夏季和秋季呈盈余状态,春季和冬季呈亏损状态;干旱指数模型监测到期间黄河流域发生极度干旱事件22次、重度干旱事件37次,干旱事件范围涵盖整个黄河流域;洪水因子模型探测到黄河流域共发生洪水事件118次,多出现在夏季和秋季雨水较为丰沛的时候,期间黄河流域陆地水储量能力较弱,降雨量增大。利用GRACE/GRACE-FO重力卫星数据构建的干旱指数模型和洪水因子模型探测的气象结果与实际观测结果较为符合,能真实反映黄河流域发生的极端气候,可为极端气候研究提供有利工具。     

Rossby waves with linear topography in barotropic fluids

Rossby waves are the most important waves in the atmosphere and ocean, and are parts of a large-scale system in fluid. The theory and observation show that, they satisfy quasi-geostrophic and quasi-static equilibrium approximations. In this paper, solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography in barotropic fluids with a shear flow are studied. In order to simplify the problem, the topography is taken as a linear function of latitude variable y, then employing a weakly nonlinear method and a perturbation method, a KdV （Korteweg-de Vries） equation describing evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography is derived. The results show that the variation of linear topography can induce the solitary Rossby waves in barotropic fluids with a shear flow, and extend the classical geophysical theory of fluid dynamics.     

AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF VALLEY BOUNDARY FROM DEMS IN THE HILLY LOESS PLATEAU

1 INTRODUCTION The most remarkable topographical features in the severely eroded hilly Loess Plateau are positive (inter valley residual tablelands) and negative (valleys) landforms. They are separated by valley boundary. Topographic features above the boundary are called plateau (yuan) and narrow hillock. Below the boundary are gully walls and valley bottoms. This boundary lies along rapidly developing rills, grooves and gullies. The dynamic variation in valley boundary is indicative …     

Cumulative gain and lift charts for model performance assessment in mineral potential mapping

Model performance assessment is a key procedure for mineral potential mapping, but the corresponding research achievements are seldom reported in literature.Cumulative gain and lift charts are well known in the data mining community specialized in marketing and sales applications and widely used in customer churn prediction for model performance assessment.In this paper, they are introduced into the field of mineral potential mapping for model performance assessment.These two charts can be viewed as a graphic representation of the advantage of using a predictive model to choose mineral targets.A cumulative gain curve can represent how much a predictive model is superior to a random guess in mineral target prediction.A lift chart can express how much more likely the mineral targets predicted by a model are deposit-bearing ones than those by a random selection.As an illustration, the cumulative gain and lift charts are applied to measure the performance of weights of evidence, logistic regression, restricted Boltzmann machine, and multilayer perceptron in mineral potential mapping in the Altay district in northern Xinjiang in China.The results show that the cumulative gain and lift charts can visually reveal that the first three models perform well while the last one performs poorly.Thus, the cumulative gain and lift charts can serve as a graphic tool for model performance assessment in mineral potential mapping.     

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy‘s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.     

大数据城市通勤交通模型的构建与模拟应用

近年来大数据在交通分析中被广泛关注,但目前多以可视化展示和现象空间分析描述为主,缺乏基于大数据的交通数量模型和模拟预测研究,成为大数据技术在交通规划中应用的主要技术障碍。本文基于交通与土地利用之间的交互作用关系,构建区位空间依赖因子（(Location-space Dependence Indicator, LSDI）,对传统重力模型进行改进,提出大数据城市通勤分布模型。以北京市为例,采用某运营商2017年9月的手机信令大数据,进行模型的应用和校验。模拟结果显示,在出行产生预测中,通勤人口与常住人口表现出良好的线性关系;在出行分布预测中,基于区位空间依赖因子的修正重力模型综合表现最优,在通勤OD分布中实现了低估现象的优化,在OD数量发生率中拟合优度达到0.85。本研究为大数据城市交通预测模型研发提供了新的技术方法,对于推动大数据在交通规划中的应用具有一定价值。     

山东省胶南市七宝山银铅多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景

胶南市七宝山地区发现了以银铅为主的多金属矿 ,矿石中有益组分以银铅为主 ,伴生有萤石、铜及少量金 ,其找矿标志是硅化构造破碎带、石英脉、萤石石英脉等。找矿方向应集中于山周断裂两侧和燕山晚期伟德山超单元之中。该区具有较好的找矿前景     

伟大的生态文明工程——对中国大运河遗址的再认识

本文试图从生态文明建设、区域经济发展和宏观协调的角度,点评中国大运河工程。作者认为:她是中国东部大平原上开发湿地、利用湖泊的成功范例。是古代水网地区跨流域的内河航运的中央干线;为农耕文明时代国家级的标志性工程,是自隋唐以来保证中国南北统一的政治、经济、文化干线;是中国历史发展的大动脉;也是中国伟大的生态文明工程。中国大运河总长约3500km,顺应自然环境、水系格局和平原微地貌条件。她是2500年间代代中华儿女因势利导、因地制宜、河工逾千万、分段接力完成的伟大漕运系统。至今仍有近900km正常通航,每年货运量约3亿t,依然是北煤南运、南水北调、沿线资源流通的物流干道。中国大运河是活着的大遗址,是仍然发挥调控南北的作用的大遗址。中国大运河曾经串联了我国中东部六省两直辖市,穿越的33个地区级城市中有18个是历史文化名城。这些城市都不同程度地因大运河而兴衰,而且水文化和水景观仍然是这些运河沿线城市的特点和亮点,是其成为宜居城市、生态旅游城市的基本条件。     

亚纯函数微分多项式的一个正规定则

证明了下面两个定理：（1）设n,k≥2为正整数,a为有穷非零复数,F为区域D上的亚纯函数族,F中任一函数的零点重级至少为k．vf,g∈F,fLn（f）与gLn（g）IM分担a．则F在D上正规,其中L（f）为f（k）＋a1f^（k-1）＋…＋akf,这里a1,…,ak为常数．（2）设n,k为正整数,且n≥2,a为有穷非零复数,F为区域D上的亚纯函数族,F中任一函数的零点重级至少为k,且fLn（f（z））=a能够推出｜f^（k）（z）｜≤A,其中A为正数,则F在区域D上正规．     

AN APPROACH TO THEORY AND METHODS OF URBAN GEOMORPHOLOGY

ＡＮＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＴＯＴＨＥＯＲＹＡＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＯＦＵＲＢＡＮＧＥＯＭＯＲＰＨＯＬＯＧＹ刁承泰ＡＮＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＴＯＴＨＥＯＲＹＡＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＯＦＵＲＢＡＮＧＥＯＭＯＲＰＨＯＬＯＧＹ￥ＤｉａｏＣｈｅｎｇｔａｉ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆ...     

大坂山含“铬矿物”石英闪长岩岩石特征

大坂山“铬矿物”产出于灰绿色中细粒石英闪长岩中,笔者从区域地质特征、岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学、同位素等方面对石英闪长岩进行了较全面的研究后认为,该套岩石成因为壳幔混合型,构造环境为北祁连加里东洋盆收缩阶段板块俯冲作用下形成的火山弧,岩石成岩时代为早奥陶世,铬矿物形成深度约30km,受区域性岩石圈断裂带控制。     

重力仪读数自动记录和数据预处理

目前在野外重力观测中普遍使用的国产重力仪,不具有自动记录和数据预处理功能,采用手工记录、人工计算方式。这种方式效率低,还容易引入一些由手工操作而带来的误差。本文所介绍的以PC-1500A袖珍计算机和数据采集接口实现的重力仪读数自动记录及数据预处理系统,可按规范要求自动记录重力观测读数,从而可防止野外记录和室内转抄计算时产生的差错,减少了大量的数据转抄、校对、复算、检查等繁琐劳动,极大地提高了重力观测的质量和效率。     

民俗中的婴儿体貌美及其文化意蕴

中国民俗中对婴儿体貌的审美是以婴儿的生理特征为基础,认为身体白胖、脸庞丰满、额部高宽、头部圆大是形成婴儿体貌美的因素。这种婴儿的体貌美是一种趋向变形、夸张的美,是融合优美和滑稽美的审美形态。也是一种象征意义的美,具有深厚的中国民俗文化意蕴。反映了中国人特有的追求平安、健康的在世理想,以及特殊的求福、祈福文化和审美心理。