安徽省金寨县沙坪沟钼矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征

安徽省金寨县沙坪沟钼矿床是近年来秦岭—大别成矿带发现的超大型斑岩钼矿床,已探明钼资源储量246×10~4t。通过对沙坪沟钼矿床不同勘探线剖面和不同深度代表性样品的S、H、O稳定同位素地球化学的研究,揭示了沙坪沟钼矿床S、H、O同位素组成特征及其空间分布特征。矿床硫化物硫同位素组成变化范围较窄,δ³⁴S变化于+0.4‰～+6.2‰,平均值为+3.47‰,落在火成岩范围,分布具明显的塔式效应,硫的来源比较均一,主要为深源硫。成矿流体的δ¹⁸O_包裹体水为0.40‰～7.52‰。流体包裹体中δD变化范围为-90‰～-63‰。主成矿期成矿流体总体为岩浆水。在不同勘探线剖面上矿化中心具高的δ³⁴S、δ¹⁸O值,而且显示出从深部钠长石—钾长石—硅化带→黄铁绢英岩化带→浅部的绿泥石—碳酸盐化带δ³⁴S、δ¹⁸O值有降低的趋势。上述特征表明沙坪沟钼矿床主成矿期成矿环境由碱性向酸性过渡,且没有发生明显的低δ¹⁸O作用,成矿环境相对封闭,外部对流循环的雨水系统参与成矿作用程度相对较小,与东秦岭其他斑岩钼矿床不同。     

西南三江金厂河矽卡岩型多金属矿床铁同位素分馏机制及其对成矿物质来源的制约SCIEI北大核心CSCD

金厂河矿床是西南三江成矿省保山地块最具代表性的远端矽卡岩型多金属矿床之一,查明其成矿金属来源对理解该类矿床成因以及区域成矿规律具有重要意义。本文通过分析不同成矿阶段代表性含铁矿物的铁同位素组成,探讨其在成矿过程中的分馏机制,从而示踪成矿金属的源区特征。金厂河矽卡岩型矿床中成矿前阶段未蚀变的石榴子石和氧化物成矿阶段的磁铁矿均相对富集铁的重同位素,其δ;Fe值分别为0.05‰~0.16‰和0.07‰~0.18‰,而硫化物成矿阶段的黄铁矿和黄铜矿则相对富集铁的轻同位素,其δ;Fe值分别为-0.12‰~0.17‰和-0.54‰~-0.38‰,整体显示出从高氧逸度的成矿前阶段向低氧逸度的硫化物成矿阶段演化过程中矿物δ;Fe值逐渐降低的趋势,指示Fe;富集铁的重同位素,Fe;富集铁的轻同位素。同时,金厂河矿床各阶段矿物的δ;Fe值均显著低于碳酸盐围岩,而接近全球花岗岩的δ;Fe值,表明成矿的铁不是由围岩贡献,而是来自于隐伏的中酸性岩体。     

岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献：以云南金平长安冲铜钼矿为例

长安冲铜钼矿床位于中国西南部哀牢山构造带南段,区内斑岩型/矽卡岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿床广泛出露。前人已对这些矿床成矿斑岩体物理化学条件进行了大量的研究。然而,前人研究主要依据为副矿物锆石主微量元素,对主要造岩矿物关注较少,导致对成矿岩浆演化早期物理化学条件缺乏制约。此外,成矿物质来源也需要更多同位素数据制约。因此,我们对成矿斑岩体开展了系统的单矿物(长石、云母、角闪石)电子探针分析和硫化物S-Pb同位素研究,以制约岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献。研究表明,角闪石水压计计算结果表明角闪石结晶时岩浆水含量约为3.7%～4.2%,说明成矿岩浆含水量较高。根据角闪石成分分析计算氧逸度值介于?NNO=+1.2～+1.8之间,表明含矿岩浆具有较高的氧逸度。通过角闪石压力计得出角闪石结晶压力为61～106 MPa,通过黑云母压力计得出黑云母结晶压力为32～123 MPa,对应成岩成矿深度为1.3～4.6 km,这一结果与前人流体包裹体研究成果基本一致。主成矿阶段硫化物Pb同位素与成矿斑岩源区的下地壳角闪岩分布一致,δ³⁴S同位素介于0.2‰～1.5‰之间,为岩浆硫。综上,岩浆岩...     

云南澜沧老厂花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

澜沧老厂矿山继上世纪80年代末在钻孔中揭露到花岗斑岩细脉以来,2007年又在ZK153101、ZK14827中揭露到厚大的斑岩脉及主岩体。为了查明隐伏花岗斑岩体的年代,本文应用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素法对老厂花岗斑岩进行了精确的定年,获得的加全平均年龄为44.6±1.1Ma,代表花岗斑岩的结晶年龄。继承锆石的年龄为529.3±13Ma,可能反映了岩浆的源岩年龄。年代学研究表明,花岗斑岩形成于始新世,为老厂斑岩型钼矿的成矿母岩。澜沧老厂斑岩钼矿的成岩成矿作用发生在新生代陆内碰撞造山的主碰撞阶段,与三江地区新生代斑岩型矿床成矿高峰期吻合。澜沧老厂的成岩成矿表明"三江"地区在澜沧江断裂以西也存在新生代斑岩成矿作用。     

滇西腾冲-梁河锡矿带典型锡矿床硫同位素地球化学特征

滇西腾冲-梁河锡矿带是三江特提斯成矿域重要的锡多金属成矿区,目前已发现具有代表性的大型锡矿床2个:古近纪的梁河来利山锡矿床和晚白垩纪的腾冲小龙河锡矿床。对这2个矿床主成矿阶段形成的黄铁矿样品进行了硫同位素测定,结果表明来利山锡矿床黄铁矿的δ~(34)SCDT值为+4.9‰~+6.7‰,平均值+5.5‰(n=10);小龙河锡矿床δ~(34)SCDT值为+5.0‰~+8.1‰,平均值+6.3‰(n=32)。两个锡矿床的δ~(34)SCDT值与矿区花岗岩的δ~(34)SCDT值(0~+5.7‰)范围基本一致,暗示这2个矿床的成矿流体中的硫均主要来自花岗岩浆。结合已有研究资料,认为腾冲-梁河锡矿带这两个典型锡矿床与矿区花岗岩具有同时性,其成矿流体均主要源自各矿区花岗岩浆的分异演化,花岗岩浆还为锡矿化提供了部分Sn成矿物质,小龙河和来利山锡矿床的锡成矿作用与花岗岩浆活动具有密切的联系,属于花岗岩岩浆热液矿床。     

中国东部中生代钼矿成岩-成矿时差

与岩浆成因相关的钼矿床成岩-成矿时差是确定矿床与岩浆岩成因关系的重要基础.本文根据收集的中国东部中生代典型钼矿床的成矿及相关岩体的同位素测年数据,详细讨论并定量厘定了钼矿的成岩-成矿时差分布特征.结果表明,钼矿成矿同步或略滞后于同源岩浆活动,中国东部整个钼矿成矿高峰的两个阶段时差介于0～10.0 Ma和0～15.0 Ma;对于单个钼矿床,其成岩-成矿时差集中在0～14.0 Ma,均值为3.9 Ma;从斑岩型钼矿床→斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿床→矽卡岩型钼矿床→石英脉型钼矿床,成岩-成矿时差呈逐渐增加趋势,这与岩浆热液成矿过程的地质事实吻合.     

塔里木陆块西北缘滴水铜矿成矿流体特征与成矿作用

塔里木陆块滴水铜矿是库车盆地新生代砂岩型铜矿的典型代表,多位学者曾对其成因进行研究,但均缺乏详细的地球化学证据。本次研究认为该矿床成矿期分为成岩成矿期和改造成矿期,以成岩成矿期为主。本文通过对该矿床两个成矿期流体包裹体显微测温、成分分析及氢、氧、碳、硫同位素的研究,探讨该矿床成矿流体形成演化与成矿作用的关系。结果表明,该矿床成岩期成矿流体成分主要为CH_4、H_2S、H_2O,代表还原性流体,具有中低温(82.4~181.6℃)、中高压(235.42~454.44MPa)的特点;改造期成矿流体成分主要为H_2O、CO_2、CH_4,代表弱氧化性流体,亦具有中低温(146.2~268.1℃)、中高压(267.83~457.64MPa)的特征;成岩成矿期石英的δD=-107.6‰~-78.3‰、δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=-4.50‰~4.06‰,改造成矿期石英的δD=-109.5‰~-84.9‰、δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示该矿床两个成矿期成矿流体主要为大气降水与盆地卤水的混合。该铜矿矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S=-31.6‰~-21.3‰,表明硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原。成矿流体在新近系康村组矿源层中经水岩作用,演化形成含矿热卤水。该矿床碳同位素特征(δ~(13)C值-25.3‰~-22.4‰)、包裹体成分分析表明含矿热卤水中CH_4等有机质应为油田卤水成分。油田卤水中有机质成分在成岩期、改造期均参与了该矿床成矿作用,在滴水铜矿成矿过程中起重要的还原作用。本次研究表明,有机质与滴水铜矿成矿作用关系密切,该矿床是油田卤水参与成矿作用的沉积-改造型矿床。     

黑龙江省岔路口斑岩钼矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征

岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,岔路口矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体.花岗斑岩石英斑晶中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在230 ～ 440℃和470～510℃两个温度区间,盐度分别介于0.7％ ～ 53.7％ NaCl eqv和6.2％～61.3％ NaCl eqv两个区间;成矿早阶段钾长石-石英-磁铁矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在320～440℃、盐度介于4.2％ ～ 52.3％NaCl eqv;成矿中阶段石英-辉钼矿脉和角砾岩中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在260～410℃、盐度介于0.4％～52.3％ NaCleqv;成矿晚阶段石英-萤石-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在170～320℃、盐度介于0.5％ ～ 11.1％ NaCleqv.成矿流体具高温、高盐度及高氧逸度的特征,总体上属于富F的H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿流体的δ 18Ow值为-4.5‰～3.2‰,δDw值为-138‰～-122‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与雨水的混合流体.金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-1.9‰～+3.6‰,均值为+1.6‰,表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆.多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制.     

河北撒岱沟门钼矿床成矿流体演化研究

撒岱沟门钼矿床是华北地台北缘燕辽钼(铜)成矿带上典型的斑岩型钼矿床,位于河北省丰宁县境内,是该区目前发现的最大钼矿床。矿床成矿作用可划分为3期:成矿前(无矿石英脉阶段)、成矿期((1)石英+磁铁矿+辉钼矿+黄铁矿+钾长石阶段,(2)石英+辉钼矿阶段,(3)石英+云母+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段,(4)石英+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段)、成矿期后(晚期无矿热液阶段)。对矿床流体包裹体的研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床主要发育两类包裹体:盐水溶液包裹体和含CO_2三相包裹体。成矿前与成矿期后流体以气液两相的盐水溶液包裹体为主,对应的均一温度、盐度分别为248~296℃和6.0%~10.2%NaCleqv,以及130~197℃和0.2%~5.9%Na Cleqv。成矿期两种类型包裹体均发育,均一温度和盐度主要集中在200~260℃和7.0%~17.5%NaCleqv。成矿流体中气相成分以CO_2、H_2O、N_2为主,离子以Na~+、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~-和Cl~-为主。氢、氧同位素研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床中石英的δD值为-88‰~-102‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为-1.90‰~3.12‰,成矿流体属于以岩浆水为主的中低温中低盐度的CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系。     

西藏查个勒铅锌钼铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示——兼与念青唐古拉成矿带中-东段铅锌(铜钼)矿床对比

查个勒铅锌钼铜矿床位于念青唐古拉铅锌银铁铜成矿带西段南缘,为查明其成矿物质来源及矿床成因,对该矿床开展了系统的H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,并与念青唐古拉成矿带中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床进行对比。查个勒矿床石英H、O同位素(δD值介于-189‰～-157‰之间,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值介于-2.2‰～2.9‰之间)指示其成矿流体主要由岩浆水与大气降水混合组成。矿区北部铅锌矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为-5.6‰～-0.8‰,均值为-3.7‰,显示岩浆硫和地层硫混合的特征。矿区南部(铜)钼矿体硫化物δ~(34)S值为1.1‰～2.6‰,均值为1.8‰,显示岩浆硫的特征。矿石硫化物和花岗斑岩全岩~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb的比值分别为38.988～39.269、39.002～39.559,15.657～15.747、15.643～15.664,18.614～18.688、18.663～19.058。矿石硫化物与花岗斑岩的Pb同位素特征相似,均表现出上地壳Pb源的特征,推测成矿物质主要来自上地壳岩浆源。查个勒矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素特征与中-东段典型铅锌(铜钼)矿床相似,表明念青唐古拉成矿带铅锌(铜钼)矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源一致。作者认为查个勒矿床是一个受岩浆和构造共同控制的斑岩型(铜)钼+矽卡岩型-热液脉型铜铅锌矿床,在念青唐古拉成矿带,自西向东分布有多处斑岩型(铜)钼矿+矽卡岩型-热液脉型(铜)铅锌矿矿集区。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.