东海底质中钙质超微化石的分布

东海30个表层沉积样和6个站位18个浮游样分析的结果表明,沉积物中颗石类丰度随着离岸水深加大而增高,冲绳海槽的丰度比内陆架高数千倍,但在残留砂分布区则明显降低.东海共见颗石类28种,以EmiIiania huxleyi和Ggphyrocapsa oceanica两种占压倒优势.冲绳海槽的颗石类组合与太平洋的相近,而不同于低分异度的陆架组合.陆架水柱中仅在中层浮游样中发现较高含量的颗石类,而且保存不佳,颗石球罕见,推测系从海底再悬浮而来.     

黄东海夏、冬季颗石藻群落及其分布研究

2009年作者对中国黄东海海域夏季(7月20日至9月1日)与冬季(12月23日至2月5日)的两个季度月的颗石藻群落与分布进行调查研究。2009年夏季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现21种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)和深水花球藻(Florisphaera profunda)。颗石藻细胞丰度为0.23×103~17.62×103个/L,平均值为2.84×103个/L。2009年冬季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现20种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(E.huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(G.oceanica)、深水花球藻(F.profunda)和纤细伞球藻(U.tenuis)。颗石藻的细胞丰度为0.12×103~35.35×103个/L,平均值为3.84×103个/L。本文系统地研究了颗石藻在我国黄、东海陆架海域的分布(特别是垂直分布),并对其作出了描述与分析,以期为关于中国海颗石藻群落分布等基础性研究提供可靠资料。     

济阳坳陷下第三系颗石藻类化石的分布及与油气的关系

系统研究了山东济阳坳陷下第三系颗石藻类化石的分布特征,发现该类化石平面分布广泛,在全坳陷的４个次级凹陷中均有分布,垂向上,主要分布在沙河街组一段和四段,含化石地层累积厚度近１００ｍ,颗石藻化石属种单一,主要为Ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｏｆｅｎｅｓｔｒａ ｂｏｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,该类化到零星和层状两种形式分布在钙质纹层页岩、泥岩和泥质白云岩中,通过与现代海洋沉积中颗石藻的分布特征相比较虱出济阳坳陷颗石藻化石纹层是     

南海IODP U1501站早中新世海洋沉积物长链烯酮来源与含量变化

海洋沉积物中的长链烯酮由海洋单细胞钙化藻类颗石藻生产,是一种被广泛应用于古气候研究领域中的分子标记物。长链烯酮碳同位素是重建地质历史时期海水、大气CO₂浓度的可靠方法之一。在此方法中,需要利用颗石大小对颗石藻生理参数b值进行修正,因此需要厘清哪类颗石藻对烯酮的贡献是一个重要的科学问题。目前认为新生代海洋沉积物中主要的长链烯酮生产者为Noelaerhabdaceae科的颗石藻,包含Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa spp.,Reticulofenestra spp.,Cyclicargolithus spp.,但对它们具体的贡献程度仍然未知。因此,本文以南海国际大洋发现计划IODP U1501站早中新世海洋沉积物为研究材料,对比了沉积物中颗石与烯酮的绝对含量,发现Cyclicargolithus属的颗石丰度与烯酮含量具有显著的相关性(r=0.44,p<0.01),而Reticulofenestra spp.的相关性较弱(r=0.09,p=0.5)。研究认为早中新世长链烯酮的主要生产者为Cyclicargolithus属,Reticu...     

大洋桥石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica对海水酸化与营养盐胁迫的复合响应

本文选取了大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)作为实验对象,通过CO₂加富实验模拟海水酸化环境,分析了氮充足和氮相对不足条件下海洋颗石藻对海水酸化的生理响应。结果发现在两种营养盐状态下,CO₂加富均能一定程度促进大洋桥石藻种群增长与Chl a浓度的增加。对比两种营养盐状态,氮相对不足条件下的大洋桥石藻细胞密度和叶绿素含量均有最显著的提高,表明低营养盐浓度和低的氮磷比可能更有利于大洋桥石藻的生长繁殖。电镜观测结果显示酸化对大洋桥石藻的钙化作用具有显著的负影响,并且在氮相对不足条件下,大洋桥石藻的细胞个体变小及比表面积升高。研究结果表明在未来寡营养的大洋上层水体,大气CO₂浓度升高会对大洋桥石藻的生理功能产生负面影响,但可能刺激大洋桥石藻的生长。     

琼东海域今生颗石藻群落研究

通过2012年7、8月在南海北部陆架琼东上升流区域的水文、化学和生物的现场综合采样调查,对采集过滤的今生颗石藻膜样在偏振光显微镜下鉴种并统计细胞丰度,分析了夏季该海域的颗石藻群落结构特征及分布规律。结果表明,夏季琼东上升流区共检出今生颗石藻34种,优势物种有赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)、卡特螺旋球藻(Helicosphaera carteri)、地中海花冠球藻(Coronosphaera mediterranea)等,颗石粒细胞丰度介于0~2 040.23×103粒/L,平均值8.10×103粒/L,颗石球丰度介于0~68.90×103cells/L,平均值5.01×103 cells/L。大多数颗石藻集中分布在上升流信号强的水体中。琼东中部水域的生物多样性指数H′较雷州半岛以东水域高,颗石粒群落的均匀度指数J分布与H′呈镶嵌模式。聚类Cluster和多维定标MDS结果,将颗石粒和颗石球群落各分成4个和5个组群,经相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验证明此种划分是显著的。将生物与海区环境因子进行冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,N/P、PO3-4、NO-2和SiO2-3是影响本次调查的今生颗石藻生物群落的主控因子。     

东海底质中钙质超微化石的初步研究

钙质超微化石是颗石(Coccolith)及其相近化石的统称.颗石是颗石藻纲(Coccoli-thophyceae)表面的钙质骨骼,一般只有1-15μ大小,需要用电子显微镜研究.近年来,钙质超微化石在侏罗纪以来海相地层研究中,尤其在大洋沉积物的研究中,起着特别重要的作用.关于太平洋表层沉积物中钙质超微化石和水层中颗石藻类的分布,美国、苏联和日本都作过研究,而关于东海海域中的分布情况尚未见报导.近来,我们通过对东海20个表层沉积样品超微化石的分析、鉴定发现,其数量分布和属种组合与沉积速率、海水温度与海流分布等均有密切关系.目前,东海沉积中超微化石的系统研究工作尚在进行之中,现仅就初步分析的结果,作一简短报导.     

南海北部晚第四纪颗石藻生产力变化及其影响因素

通过对南海北部MD05-2904岩心进行有机地球化学分析,以长链不饱和烯酮作为颗石藻生产力的替代性指标,讨论颗石藻生产力的变化及其影响因素。结果显示,260ka以来,颗石藻生产力有着明显的冰期/间冰期变化:冰期高,间冰期低;冰阶高,间冰阶低;在轨道尺度上岁差周期明显,反映出太阳辐射、东亚季风对颗石藻生产力在长期尺度上起调控作用;而由于特殊的地理位置,河流输送的营养盐对本区海洋初级生产力的影响可能也较大;与前人研究结果一致,同时认为,在地质历史上沉积速率变化大的区域,对生物标记物的含量和堆积速率的对比讨论,更有利于反映生产力的变化。     

广东徐闻县西部沿岸海域的珊瑚虫纲物种

广东省徐闻县西部沿岸海域分布着珊瑚礁，现生珊瑚虫纲物种较丰富，本文将2004年调查研究的结果，结合文献记录的资料，综合整理，统计有石珊瑚目12科29属56种和5未定种，其它珊瑚虫纲物种有6目15科31种和12未定种．如进一步深入调查研究，还会有本区新的记录．本区石珊瑚目比处于更低纬度的海南岛种属少，但比处于更高纬度的涠洲岛种属多，符合喜热的物种依自然带分布的规律．     

南海北部夏、冬季今生颗石藻分布

本研究对2009年南海北部(17°~24°N,108°~122°E)夏季和2010年冬季的颗石藻群落结构进行了描述。颗石藻镜检工作以偏光显微镜为主,并辅助于扫描电镜进行物种的鉴定与计数,共鉴定物种11属13种。总体来说,冬季的颗石藻细胞丰度明显高于夏季,夏季细胞丰度介于0.3×103~71.8×103 cells/L之间,平均丰度6.0×103 cells/L;冬季介于0.3×103~64.4×103 cells/L之间,平均丰度6.7×103 cells/L。夏季多样性指数和均匀度指数分别介于0.30~1.98和0.30~0.99之间,冬季分别介于0.51~2.25和0.33~0.99之间。夏季颗石藻细胞表层丰度分布规律不显著,冬季颗石藻分布高值区位于珠江口的外海站位;垂直分布上,颗石藻细胞丰度高值通常出现于次表层水体。调查期间颗石藻类群出现的优势种为纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis(Kamptner)Paasche)、赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi(Lohmann)Hay et Mohler)以及大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner)。典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)结果表明,夏季优势种赫氏艾密里藻和大洋桥石藻与大部分环境因子呈正相关关系,冬季响应特征不同。     

中国黄渤海春秋季今生颗石藻

The living coccolithophores(LCs) are an important class of calcified taxa of phytoplankton functional groups,and major producers of marine biogenic inorganic carbon,playing an important role in the marine carbon cycle.In this study,we report the two-demensional abundance,composition of LCs and its correlation with the environmental parameters in spring and autumn,in order to understand the ecological role of LCs in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.In spring,totally 9 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification.The dominant species were Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,and Calcidiscus leptoporus.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–7.72cells/m L,and 0–216.09 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 0.21 cells/m L,and 11.36 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The Emiliania huxleyi distribution was similar to Gephyrocapsa oceanica.The highest abundance of coccoliths was observed in the east of Shandong Peninsula in northern Yellow Sea,whereas Helicosphaera carteri distributed more widely.Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica were the two predominant species in LCs with higher abundances.The distribution of LCs was similar to that of coccoliths.In autumn,14 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified with dominant species as Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,Calcidiscus leptoporus and Oolithotus fragilis.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–24.69 cells/m L,and 0–507.15 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 1.47 cells/m L,and55.89 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The highest abundance of coccoliths was located in Qingdao coastal waters and south of the survey area.The distribution of LCs was similar to the coccoliths; in addition,LCs presented large abundance in the east of the central Yellow Sea area.     

Environmental changes in the Amur Bay (Japan/East Sea) during the last 150 years revealed by examination of diatoms and silicoflagellates

Siliceous unicellular microalgae — diatoms and silicoflagellates from sediments in Amur Bay were analyzed with high temporal resolution to examine changes over the last 150 years. The age of sediments was estimated from unsupported ²¹⁰Pb controlled by ¹³⁷Cs. Siliceous microalgae examined in each cm of two sediment cores demonstrated significant changes in the ecological structure of the assemblages that reflected changes in sedimentation conditions. During the years 1860–1910 the sediments accumulated under the great influence of river runoff. For about the next 50 years the number of freshwater species and marine benthic diatoms in sediments sharply declined, which is probably connected with the weakening of the effects of river runoff due to deforestation. Since the early 1960s the sedimentation conditions in the Amur Bay changed significantly. Marine planktonic diatoms and silicoflagellates began to prevail in sediments and this reflects increasing microphytoplankton productivity. One consequence of this was the formation of seasonal bottom hypoxia in Amur Bay. The ecological structure of diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages indicates that the sea level began to rise since the early 1960s and this corresponds to the water and air temperature increase in the area for that period. The obtained data suggest that the environmental changes over the last 150 years in Armur Bay are associated with the weakening of river runoff due to deforestation, sea level rise caused by global warming, and the increase of siliceous microplankton productivity that resulted in the formation of seasonal bottom hypoxia.

     

西菲律宾海沉积物矿物组合及其地质意义

用Ｘ射线衍射法测试了１９８８年取自西菲律宾海３个柱样共５２个沉积物样品的矿物组成。结果表明，沉积物中主要矿物为方解石，石英，斜长石和钾长石，次要矿物为高岭石，绿泥石，角闪石，斜发沸石，水云母，蒙脱石和滑石。划分出两类矿物组合：（１）方解石＋石英＋斜长石＋钾长石，水云母含量高，角闪石，斜发沸石滑石含量低；（２）斜长石＋方解石＋石英＋钾长石，角闪石，斜发沸石和滑石含高，水云母含低。（１）类矿物组合反映     

Assemblages of benthic foraminifers in the White Sea

Based upon the composition of the dominant species of benthic foraminifers in the bottom sediments sampled at 50 sampling stations in the White Sea, their six assemblages (communities) were defined and mapped. The ranges of these communities depend on the environmental factors determined by the bathymetric, latitudinal, and circum-continental sea zonalities, the sea currents, the bottom upwellings, the continental runoff, the productivity of the waters, and the CaCO₃ content in the near-bottom water layers and bottom sediments.     

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages of the South China Sea

Based on the dominant species of benthic foraminifers in the bottom sediments sampled at 270 stations in the South China Sea, their 12 assemblages are defined and mapped. The distribution of these assemblages is controlled by environmental factors that are determined by bathymetric and latitudinal zonality, currents, upwellings, continental runoff, and water productivity. The communities established are indicative of different biotopes characterized by upwellings, higher or lower productivity, and intense or less intense impact of freshwater runoff.     

Late pleistocene-holocene ostracod assemblages of the Northern Caspian Sea shelf

Analysis of the ostracod assemblages and the distribution of benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii in the core section GS 194-08-1 recovered at a depth of 7.5 m near the Volga delta front showed changes in environmental conditions in response to sea-level fluctuations. The pre-Novocaspian ostracod assemblage reflects the conditions that were dominant during the Late Khvalynian transgression, with a depth of about 20–30 m, and a salinity range of 12–13‰. The Early Novocaspian sediments contain an ostracod assemblage that represents a deeper water environment compared to the present, with an inferred depth of 12–16 m. The faunas from the younger Novocaspian sediments with abundant monospecific populations of Cyprideis torosa and co-occurring benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii represent modern-like environmental conditions.     

Paleogeographic sedimentation settings in the northern Baltic Sea

The grain-size and chemical composition of the bottom sediments and their diatom assemblages from the northern Baltic Sea is discussed. Characteristic layers are distinguished based on the lithostratgraphy and sediment core correlation, which reflect the transition from the lacustrine to marine sedimentation settings during the initial Holocene. Sediment cores demonstrate lateral variations in the sedimentation patterns during the marine (Yoldia Sea), the lacustrine (Ancylus Lake), and the subsequent marine (Littorina Sea) stages: first two stages were characterized by the clay deposition, while the latter one featured accumulation of silty-clayey and clayey muds in bottom depressions. Sea-level fluctuations and corresponding environmental changes are recorded in microlaminated sequences, in particular, sapropelic muds.     

东海北部陆架柱样中底栖有孔虫组合及其古环境研究

东海北部陆架区D-46C和D-74C柱样底栖有孔虫分析结果表明,D-46C柱样自下而上为压扁卷转虫(Am-moniacompressiuscula)组合,并可以进一步划分出压扁卷转虫—花朵虫(A.compressiuscula-Florilusspp.)亚组合、压扁卷转虫—叶状串珠虫(A.compressiuscula-Textularia foliacea)亚组合和压扁卷转虫—强壮箭头虫(A.compressiuscula-Bolivina robusta)亚组合;D-74C柱样自下而上可以划分出三个组合:叶状串珠虫—压扁卷转虫(Textularia foliacea-Ammonia compressiuscula)组合、大西洋花朵虫—异地希望虫(Florilus atlanticus-Elphidium advenum)组合和大西洋花朵虫—结缘寺卷转虫(Florilus atlanticus-Ammonia ketienziensis)组合。两个柱样中底栖有孔虫组合垂向变化明显,结合AMS14C测年结果,初步认为两个柱样均为全新世以来的沉积。其中,D-74C柱样为全新世中期(相当于亚北方期)以来的沉积,在全新世晚期一直受到陆地冲淡水的强烈影响;D-46C柱样为全新世早期(相当于前北方期和北方期)以来的沉积,受到陆地冲淡水流的影响较D-74C柱样小。     

The distribution of meiofauna on back‐reef sandy platforms in the Maldives (Indian Ocean)

The Maldivian archipelago comprises some of the most characteristic and significant world atoll systems, but the meiobenthic assemblages of these islands continue to be largely unknown. To investigate variations in meiofaunal spatial distribution and biodiversity in back‐reef platforms, three transects were studied, two at Felidhoo (the north and east sides) and one at South Malé. The sedimentological features of the samples obtained were also analyzed to further current knowledge on the relationships that exist between sediments and meiofauna. Our results reveal that the meiofaunal assemblage at these locations is well diversified and includes 20 major taxa. Nematodes and copepods are dominant, together forming 68% of the total meiofauna, followed by platyhelminthes, polychaetes and ostracods. The nematode assemblage is very rich and composed of 34 families and 123 genera – 96 of which (78%) set new records for the Maldives. The structures of the meiofaunal and nematode assemblages are relatively similar on the ‘large‐scale’ level (i.e. when the different platforms are compared) and reveal a low β‐diversity. However, significant dissimilarities were detected within each platform, emphasizing that such ‘small‐scale’ differences are the main factors determining the structure of the meiofauna and, in particular, the nematode assemblages. Although significant differences were not detected between the transects, greater levels of dissimilarity were recognized at North Felidhoo. Here, the building of inclined deposit layers plays a significant role in increasing the heterogeneity of the platform habitats and sediments, confirming the great importance of sediment granulometry as an environmental variable. Indeed, a close relationship is observed between meiofauna (especially for the nematodes) and grain size, which appears to control the structure, diversity and trophic composition of the Maldivian meiofauna assemblages, thus highlighting the high biodiversity existing in the medium‐coarse sands.     

Seasonality of foraminiferal flux in sediment traps at Chatham Rise,SW Pacific: implications for paleotemperature estimates

Analysis of sediment traps located either side of the Subtropical Front east of New Zealand reveals a strong association between water masses and foraminiferal assemblages. The composition and timing of foraminiferal productivity is distinct between waters north and south of the front, and these differences are also reflected in the assemblages of nearby core-tops. The sediment trap data indicate highly seasonal flux patterns in this region, so sedimentary records may represent flux during a particular season, rather than throughout the annual cycle. This pronounced seasonality has implications for our estimates of the annual temperature range based on faunal assemblages. This study shows that despite strong flux seasonality the annual sea-surface temperature (SST) range is reliably estimated from the sediment trap foraminiferal assemblages by the modern analog technique. The successful estimation of the annual SST range also indicates that the annual flux obtained from these sediment traps is representative of the longer term flux preserved in surface sediments. Core-top assemblages from this region can therefore be directly related to modern sea-surface conditions, providing an analogue for interpreting past environmental change from fossil assemblages.