某大型水电站左岸高边坡开挖数值模拟及支护建议

应用3D-? 软件对西南某大型水电站左岸边坡开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,模拟结果表明：开挖坡面产生不同程度的张拉应力区域;缆机平台和拱肩槽槽坡底部产生一些竖直方向的回弹变形和水平向坡外的变形;5#梁山脊在拱肩槽开挖后将产生进一步的卸荷松弛,表层岩体稳定性将可能恶化,f42-9断层以上的大块岩体将是一个潜在的威胁;根据以上分析对开挖边坡制定了分层开挖、分层加固的方案,支护方案采用预应力锚索及排水系统的组合形式进行加固,支护后的稳定性计算表明,采用的支护措施是有效的,达到了工程设计的要求。     

白鹤滩水电站拱坝推力对坝肩的影响分析

对于地质条件复杂的高拱坝,坝肩的变形及稳定性对拱坝的受力状态有很大的影响,在研究过程中必须考虑拱坝与坝肩之间的相互作用。为降低三维有限元建模的难度和更好地模拟坝肩复杂的地质构造,分别建立坝肩和拱坝的有限元模型,采用试算迭代的方法考虑二者之间的相互作用;并运用卸荷岩体力学理论的方法分析坝肩岩体开挖卸荷后,在拱坝推力作用下的应力应变情况。结果表明,考虑拱坝推力后坝肩槽上、下游边坡位移变化不大,变幅在1 cm左右;拱坝推力对拱端边坡有比较明显的影响,在推力作用下,边坡向坡内有一定的变形。     

锦屏Ⅰ级水电站开挖边坡稳定性三维有限元分析

采用 3D δ数值模拟方法研究和论证锦屏Ⅰ级水电站拱肩槽边坡的稳定性。重点对坝址区河谷形成过程中河谷应力场进行了模拟分析 ,对河谷现今应力场进行了拟合分析并对拱肩槽边坡在开挖过程中和开挖后的应力、应变场特征和演化规律进行了三维有限元分析。揭示了边坡失稳的可能形式及部位 ,并据此对边坡的稳定性进行分析与评价 ,为边坡的开挖设计和施工提供了科学依据。     

平行F42-9发育的结构面对锦屏水电站高边坡稳定性的影响

锦屏一级水电站左岸高边坡F42-9断层及煌斑岩脉组合的滑块对左岸缆机平台及拱肩槽边坡的稳定性起到控制性的作用。针对F42-9断层两侧平行结构面的发育程度,进行了锚固边坡开挖过程中的弹塑性力学行为分析。结果表明：平行于F42-9断层发育的结构面使锚固边坡岩体的性状急剧下降,现有的加固方案无法满足边坡稳定性的要求。建议根据边坡及抗剪洞开挖过程中揭露的地质信息,及时制定合理的边坡加强、加固措施。     

西南某大型水电站拱肩槽边坡开挖的变形响应研究

对在复杂地质条件和高地应力环境下,高达近330m的人工岩石拱肩槽高边坡的研究,尤其是在大坡比、强开挖条件下所表现的变形响应规律的研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文通过大量现场跟踪施工的地质调查工作和利用丰富的监测资料的基础上,系统地研究了此类边坡变形响应的基本规律及特殊表现,得到了拱肩槽高边坡开挖过程中,边坡的变形与开挖过程有较强的同步性。变形主要受开挖卸荷影响;随开挖的进行,坡体的变形随开挖面的远离表现出总体衰减的特征等。开挖后的坡体的变形量较小,变形深度较浅,而且在开挖12~18个月后,变形趋于稳定。这些结论对类似边坡开挖及其稳定性的控制具有重要的借鉴意义。     

西南某水电站拱肩槽高边坡稳定性的二维有限元分析

采用数值模拟方法研究和论证我国西南某水电站拱肩槽高边坡的稳定性.重点对左岸拱肩槽边坡在自然状态下和施工开挖过程中以及开挖后的应力、应变场特征和演化规律进行了二维有限元分析,并据此对边坡的稳定性进行分析与评价,为设计和施工提供了科学依据.     

西南某水电站供肩槽高边坡稳定性的二维有限元分析

采用数值模拟方法研究和论证我国西南某水电站拱肩槽高边坡的稳定性。重点对左岸拱肩槽边坡在自然状态下和施工开挖过程中以及开挖后的应力、应变场特征和演化规律进行了二维有限元分析，并据此对边坡的稳定性进行分析与评价，为设计和施工提供了科学依据。     

小湾水电站进水口高边坡变形机理分析及工程意义

小湾水电站进水口高边坡地质条件及开挖坡型复杂,断层、节理裂隙发育并相互切割,坝顶平台至进水口底板平台平均开挖坡度88,最大高差106m,其中垂直开挖段81m,最大水平退坡深度170余米。伴随边坡开挖过程中,边坡上部岩体产生了一系列的变形破裂现象,主要表现为沿混凝土坡面分布的张开宽度和延伸长度不一的裂缝及起壳现象。本文结合边坡的实际工程地质条件和监测结果数据,对变形破裂现象的形成机制进行了系统的分析。结果表明,裂缝产生的原因主要是由于地处高地应力区岩体在边坡开挖过程中产生的卸荷回弹表现,是正常的卸荷松弛变形。在此基础上,对边坡的稳定性分析表明,该边坡稳定性良好。     

小湾电站边坡卸荷三维有限元模拟

应用3D-Sigma软件对小湾右岸边坡的河谷下切卸荷过程进行了三维有限元弹塑性模拟.通过缩小单元规模,对边坡坡面下180 m范围内的应力、位移情况进行了详细的模拟.模拟结果表明:由横河陡倾分布的坚硬岩层构成的边坡在河谷下切形成坡体卸荷的过程中,坡体内产生的拉应力区较小;坡内岩体变形和应力分布主要受软弱面分布、微地形、主压应力分异、剪应力集中影响;卸荷的影响深度约在坡面下120m左右及软弱面附近120 m范围内,这些区域是边坡支护设计的重点.     

松散堆积体工程边坡变形机理分析及支护对策研究

合理选择开挖坡比、正确认识变形破坏机理是影响松散堆积体边坡稳定性和施工安全的前提, 本文研究了西南地区某松散堆积体工程边坡的结构特征, 根据地形条件确定了合理的开挖坡比, 采用二维有限元研究了开挖边坡的变形机理并根据模拟结果确定潜在滑动面, 在此基础上, 提出支护对策。研究结果表明, 边坡由厚度达70m 的坡洪积、泥石流块碎石堆积体组成, 斜坡下部缓中部稍陡, 开挖平台位于缓坡部位, 根据地形条件结合坡体结构特征确定边坡开挖坡比为1: 0. 75; 数值模拟结果表明, 边坡变形开挖面附近及坡顶拉应力和坡体下部最大剪应力控制, 坡顶部位将首先产生拉张裂隙, 开挖边坡内部产生从坡脚部位向上发展的剪切变形, 滑面一旦与坡顶拉裂缝贯通, 边坡将产生整体失稳; 边坡采用锚拉桩、锚索框架、锚杆框架、排水相结合的综合治理措施进行支护。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of