姑婆山花岗岩西南缘矽卡岩风化带含金特征

文章通过研究姑婆山花岗岩体西南缘矽卡岩中含Au丰富，以及其上部风化土壤中各不同分层中金含量变化情况,分析金在矽卡岩风化土壤中的迁移富集机制，认为相对还原、碱性的C层是主要含金层，所形成的“泥巴矿”金矿化及矿床是一种新的金矿化和矿床类型，具有找矿意义和理论研究意义。     

吉林省长春兰家金矿床地质特征

兰家金矿是吉林省大黑山条垒多金属成矿带中的一个矽卡岩型金矿,矿床受北北东向张性断裂控制,矿体产于下二叠统范家屯组大理岩与晚三叠世石英闪长岩接触带中及接触带外带大理岩与角岩分界面中。金矿体形成于矽卡岩晚期热液蚀变阶段,主要赋存于阳起石或纤闪石矽卡岩中。金与铋关系密切。     

川西北发现新的金矿床类型——交代石英岩-矽卡岩型金矿床

川西北发现新的金矿床类型——交代石英岩－矽卡岩型金矿床陕甘川“金三角”地区同时发现许多岩金矿床，其矿石类型主要为硅质板岩、碳质板岩、硅化灰岩、硅质岩、杂砂岩等，金矿化以微细浸染型金矿化为主，成因主要由加热的下渗天然水通过环流将矿源层中的成矿物质活化并...     

阿尔泰信纽新铜金矿床氧化带形成过程中自然金的组分演化

该矽卡岩型铜金矿床位于阿尔泰萨拉寇克申花岗杂岩体与下寡武统火山沉积岩之接触带上，热液型金矿化（360-130℃）多叠加于早期矽卡岩（ > 400℃）之上。金矿化多分布于石榴万一硅灰石矽卡岩中。在氧化作用过程中导致次生成化物富集、自然金的成色降低，原因是金的活动性比银更强。与之同时，在氧化作用过程中自然金有部分银去除，故其成色与内生矿石中自然金相近。因此，在氧化带中自然金的成色具有广阔的离散性特点。为此，在评价深部矿石过程中应充分地加以考虑。     

陕西洛翠山卡岩型金矿地质特征及秦巴地区东部矽卡岩金矿找矿方向

洛翠山矽卡岩型金矿是商洛地区,乃至陕西省一种新类型金矿。矿体产于闪长岩与大理岩外接触带的镁橄榄石、透辉石矽卡岩和其外侧以热液交代作用为主生成的含白云石次生石英岩、铁方解石(或铁白云石)岩、石英黄铁矿(或黄铁矿石英)岩中。分铁铜金、铜金和单一金矿体三种矿体类型。由深到浅,由接触带向外具有的FeCuAu-CuAu-Au成矿分带特征。矿石自然类型达14种之多,矿石矿物成份较为复杂。将成矿分为三期(矽卡岩期、石英—硫化物期、表生期)、七阶段(矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段,石英—自然金生成阶段、石英—硫化物—自然金生成阶段、碳酸盐—硫化物—自然金生成阶段、无矿碳酸盐化与硅化阶段、氧化阶段);总结了六条主要找矿标志;对陕西境内秦巴地区东部提出了四个矽卡岩型金矿找矿有利区(带)。     

梧州市金山顶金矿床地质特征及矿化富集规律

梧州市金山顶金矿产于黄塘、铁冲等岩体外接触带的EW向断裂中,赋矿围岩为寒武系黄洞口组的碎屑岩及矽卡岩。矿区金矿以构造蚀变岩型金矿为主,EW向层间断裂是矿区主要容矿构造,成矿元素的矿化富集受其顶底板围岩岩性、岩脉侵入的产状和规模等因素影响。文章介绍了金山顶金矿地质特征,并对其矿化富集规律进行了研讨。     

皖北濉溪县杨桥孜铜金矿床的发现及其地质意义

濉溪县杨桥孜铜金矿床是皖北地区最大的矽卡岩型金矿床。该矿床处于皖北平原,地表被厚层第四系覆盖,找矿难度大,是地质工作者通过40余年的地质与物探综合研究,应用模式找矿的成功范例。矿床矿体以铜金共生为主,兼有铁、银、钼、硫、钨矿体,并伴生镓、硒、碲等稀有元素。该矿床的发现为覆盖区找矿及华北地台寻找矽卡岩型金矿提供参考。     

西藏扎囊县克鲁铜金矿找矿远景预测研究

在总结克鲁铜金矿产出地质背景、矿床地质特征的基础上,探讨了矿床成因,认为该矿床属中高温接触交代矽卡岩型成因为主。通过对矿区地质、地球化学、地球物理特征的分析与研究,对克鲁铜金矿的深部及其外围找矿远景做出了预测,初步认为克鲁铜金矿的深部及西侧找矿潜力大．是寻找隐伏-半隐伏的矽卡岩型或斑岩型铜金矿的重要远景区。     

吉林兰家金矿床地质特征简介

该金矿床是以矽卡岩型金矿为主的多期次,多类型的金矿床,矽卡岩型金矿产于二叠系下统范家屯组与晚三叠世石英长岩接触带的外带,金以自然形式主要与辉铋矿,自然铋,斜方辉铅铋矿等共生,矿床成因类型属中高温热液条件下形成的矽卡岩型矿床。     

贵池黄山岭层控矽卡岩及铅锌矿床成因

黄山岭层控矽卡岩为钙铝榴石矽卡岩，为奥陶系汤头组泥灰岩经热接触变质作用生成。铅锌矿体叠加在层控矽卡岩之上，成矿作用与富钾钙碱性岩浆岩密切相关的热液活动有关。成矿物质以岩浆热液来源为主，兼有变质热水活化转移的同生沉积矿源。     

阿尔泰南缘麦兹火山-沉积盆地东部萨吾斯铅锌矿床成因探讨

萨吾斯铅锌矿床位于阿尔泰南缘麦兹火山-沉积盆地东部,本研究首次阐述了该矿床的地质地球化学特征及其成因。该矿床赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组,以层状黑云石榴铁闪石矽卡岩、变流纹质晶屑凝灰岩、流纹斑岩、少量不纯大理岩为主要赋矿岩石;矿化与两类矽卡岩密切相关;表现出矽卡岩矿床与火山喷流沉积矿床的双重特征。野外地质考察、岩石薄片观察以及大量的矿物化学成分分析等表明,矽卡岩主要由锰铝榴石、铁铝榴石、铁闪石、黑云母和少量铁锰钙质碳酸盐矿物组成,其原岩为凝灰岩及其所夹的铁锰钙质碳酸盐条带;二者相互渗透交代的尺度局限于几厘米,与接触交代成因矽卡岩形成鲜明对比。综合上述,萨吾斯铅锌矿床不属接触交代矽卡岩型,而与火山喷流-沉积作用密切相关。与金属硫化物共生的石英脉氧同位素及其包裹体碳、氢同位素组成表明,成矿流体由岩浆水与表层流体混合而成。因此,萨吾斯铅锌硫化物矿床为火山喷流成因,这为阿尔泰南缘块状硫化物矿床的成因研究和找矿勘探部署提供重要理论依据。     

滇东南老君山锡-钨-锌-铟多金属矿集区含矿矽卡岩成因研究

滇东南老君山矿集区广泛分布的矽卡岩是本区锡-钨-锌-铟多金属矿床的主要赋存围岩。长期以来,该区含矿矽卡岩的成因争议较大,由此也制约了对该区锡钨多金属成矿规律的认识。本文以区内代表性的都龙和南秧田矿区含矿矽卡岩为研究对象,在对其地质特征详细研究的基础上,运用电子探针和ICP-MS分别测定了上述两个矿区含矿矽卡岩的矿物成分、微量和稀土元素组成,探讨了它们和多金属矿床的成岩成矿机制的关系。结果表明,区内同时存在与地层产状一致的"层状"含矿矽卡岩和明显切割层理的穿层含矿矽卡岩。都龙矿区含矿矽卡岩富Fe、贫Al,主要矿物端元成分为钙铁榴石(And_(52-69)Gro_(28-45)Spe_(1-4))、钙铁辉石(Di_(11-41)Hd_(51-73)Jo_(0-28))和铁阳起石等,从干矽卡岩到退化蚀变阶段,形成环境由酸性的弱还原环境向偏碱性的相对氧化环境变化。南秧田矿区含矿矽卡岩富Mg、Al,贫Fe,主要矿物端元成分为钙铝榴石(Gro_(82-89)Alm_(7-13)And_(2-5))、透辉石(Di_(55-81)Hd_(18-42)Jo_(0-5))和透闪石(阳起石)等,形成于相对还原的环境。都龙和南秧田矿区含矿矽卡岩与花岗岩都显示出相似的、LREE相对富集的右倾型稀土配分模式,多具有中等-弱Eu负异常,与典型的热液交代成因矽卡岩特征相似。综合分析认为,该区含矿矽卡岩主要形成于燕山晚期花岗岩浆热液与围岩的交代作用,"层状"矽卡岩可能是热液沿层间构造、岩相突变带等有利位置进行交代的结果。     

Fluid metasomatic genesis of stratiform skarn in the Suoerkuduke Cu-Mo deposit,East Junggar,NW China

Stratiform skarns associated with ore deposits are widespread in the north of East Junggar, particularly in the Suoerkuduke Cu-Mo deposit. The Suoerkuduke stratiform and stratoid skarns are hosted by Devonian intermediate-mafic volcanic and pyroclastic rocks, mainly andesite, andesitic porphyry and tuffaceous sandstone, without carbonate or calcareous rocks. The skarns consist of dominant andradite-grossular, epidote, diopside-hedenbergite and minor actinolite, quartz, magnetite and metallic sulfides. The garnet and epidote composition, especially Fe^3 + and Al contents, is largely a function of the bulk composition and physicochemical environment (particularly fO₂) during crystallization. Such mineralogy indicates a relatively oxidizing environment and medium acidity of solution during skarnization.The Suoerkuduke skarns are distinct from typical contact metasomatic skarn in wall rock, as no carbonate or calcareous rocks were found, and differ in the distribution patterns of skarn zonation in that gradually weakened skarn zones are not quite symmetrically distributed on both sides of the alteration center (a garnet skarn). Abundant remnants of andesite, andesitic porphyry and tuffaceous sandstone in the weakened skarn zone indicate that the protolith of the skarn is andesite, andesitic porphyry and tuffaceous sandstone. Magmatic water, meteoric and seawater are involved in skarn alteration. Moyite and granitic porphyry are not coeval with skarn, and their emplacement resulted in the hornfelization of wall rock instead of skarnization, and themselves keep away from skarn alteration. Therefore, there was probably a huge batholith supplying magmatic fluid for skarn formation. Mass balance estimates suggest that hydrothermal fluid must contribute a portion of Ca and Fe to ensure sufficient supply for skarn formation in the absence of local carbonate and calcareous rocks. In conclusion, the stratiform skarns in the Suoerkuduke are products of intermediate-mafic volcanic and pyroclastic rocks metasomatised by hydrothermal fluid that probably leached calcareous wall rock during ascent.     

繁昌桃冲铁矿成因探讨

The problems of the formation conditions for stratiform skarns and the genesis of the Taochong iron deposits are dealt with in this paper. Following is a summary of this discussion: 1. Stratiform skarns in this area occur in carbonate rocks of the Upper and Middle Carboniferous Period and the lower part of the Permian Qixia Group. No outcropping or concealed igneous bodies have ever been found, let alone any indications of an igneous contact zone or a corresponding zonality from "dry" skarn to "wet" skarn. The mineral facies and zonation of the skarns depend predominantly on the properties of the initial host rocks, and the development of skarns seems to have had much to do with chemical potential of silicon in these host rocks. As a result of the reaction of iron-bearing carbonates with siliceous materials in the rocks, iron-bearing silicates were formed, which in turn were transformed by pneumato-hydrothermal processes of the later stage. The stratiform skarns of this area, therefore, probably fall into the category of stratabound skarns subjected to transformation of thermometamorphism. 2. The iron deposits bear undisputable stratabound characteristics. The positions of ore-bearing beds and the petrological features as well as the mineral associations all point to a sedimentary ore-forming process of iron-carbonate (siderite). The presumption of siderite ore source is supported by the following facts: (l) Remnants of sedimentary siderite which survived the metamorphism have recently been observed in magnetite ore from neighbouring Xinqiao mining area. Siderite can have as many as 12.07% Fe⁺⁺ and, after corrosion, shows oolitic texture. (2) The ore is mainly of calcite/ dolomite- magnetite type. Mineral associations are quite simple and sulfides are rarely seen. (3) A comparison of the analytical data suggests that the content of organic carbon in iron ore decreases due to oxidation caused by metamorphism but is still higher than that in magnetite of contact- metasomatic skarn. (4) The paleogeographic reconstruction shows that this area was once an ancient underwater uplift favorable for the precipitation of iron carbonates. After its formation, the siderate bed underwent thermodynamic metamorphism and was hence decomposed into magnetite, which was then subjected to the superimposed transformation by subsequent hydrothermal fluids, leading to the partial activation and migration of iron matter and thus the formation of such ore as hematite (specularite) at shallow depth of the Changlongshan mining area. In brief, this deposit has a complex genesis: it experienced sedimentation, thermal metamorphism and transformation by hydrothermal fluids.     

Types and distribution of silver ore deposits in China

Silver is generally recovered as a by- and co-product along with Au, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, Bi, Hg, Sn and W from polymetallic and gold mines in China. Chinese silver deposits can be classified into five principal types according to host rocks. These types and their host rocks are: (1) marine volcanic-sedimentary rocks hosting (la) massive sulfide Pb-Zn-(Cu)-Ag ores and (1b) stratiform Ag-(Au) ores; (2) continental volcanic-sedimentary rocks containing (2a) various polymetallic-silver veins and/or stockworks, and (2b) Ag-(Au) veins in pyroclastic rocks; (3) rocks affected by metasomatic processes including (3a) complex Sn-polymetallic-Ag ores, (3b) Pb-Zn-(Cu)-Ag skarns, (3c) associated W-Ag quartz veins and/or skarns, and (3d) Ag-(Au) zones and veins in altered carbonate rocks; (4) metamorphic-intrusive rocks, principally Ag-(Au) veins in sheared and brecciated metamorphic rocks; and (5) sedimentary rocks including (5a) stratiform Pb-Zn-Ag ores in carbonate rocks, (5b) Ag-V mantos in black shales, and (5c) Cu-(Ag) layers in red sandstones. A sixth grouping includes gossans. The tectonic settings, geological features, and temporal and spatial distribution of these different types of silver occurrences indicate that silver mineralization reflects to a great extent the evolution of tectonic environments in China throughout geological time. Type 1 is generally developed in association with several fold belts from the Caledonian to Yanshanian orogens, while types 2, 3 and 4 correlate with rejuvenation of the eastern China continent during the Mesozoic period. The three subgroups of type 5 are recognized in different stages and various sedimentry and diagenetic environments during the development of paraplatforms and fold belts. Type 6 results from recent weathering of existing sulfide ores or protores. Editorial handling: DR     

铜陵大团山铜(钼)矿床辉钼矿赋存状态及成因意义

大团山层状铜矿床中伴生有不同规模的钼矿体。钼矿主矿体赋存于角岩夹矽卡岩和黑色含钼碳质页岩中。矿石手标本中,矿石矿物的颗粒非常细小,难以靠肉眼或矿相显微镜进行鉴别。通过电子探针面扫描,发现钼主要以微小的鳞片状辉钼矿的形式,分布于穿插切割矽卡岩或碳质页岩的石英-方解石脉中。这类石英-方解石脉形成晚于矽卡岩或碳质页岩,通常与岩浆热液活动有关,故推断钼矿化主要与岩浆热液作用有关,辉钼矿Re-Os年龄代表着岩浆热液成矿作用的时代。     

繁昌桃冲铁矿成因探讨

桃冲铁矿,开采历史悠久,由于其品位富,以平炉富矿为主要矿石类型,受到了重视。有关矿床的成因也一直被人们所注意。自三十年代提出火成接触变质——热液成因的观点以来(谢家荣、程裕淇1935),人们习惯于将矿床划归于矽卡岩型。作者通过野外调查和初步研究之后,对本区铁矿的成因产生了疑问。本文就现有资料的分析,对层状矽卡岩的形成条件和铁矿的成因,做如下讨论。     

Geology of gold-bearing skarn deposits in the middle and lower Yangtze River Valley and adjacent regions

The middle and lower Yangtze River Valley and adjacent regions are the most important metallogenic belt of gold (and copper)-bearing skarn deposits in China. The total gold reserves in this belt have been estimated at more than 600 t. The gold-bearing skarns are mainly distributed in the southeastern Hubei, Tongling and northern Anhui regions. Favorable tectonic settings are depressions and fold zones of the platforms, i.e., mobile belts. These skarns are hosted by platformal limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite of the Triassic, Carboniferous-Permian and Middle to Lower Cambrian formations. The related intrusions are Yenshanian (180 to 113 Ma) calc-alkaline quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzogabbro, and their hybabyssal facies. The intrusions have high Fe₂O₃/FeO (>0.5) and intermediate initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7046 to 0.7087). Their REE distribution patterns are LREE-enriched and exhibit smooth, right-dipping curves. These suggest that the source materials mainly came from upper mantle, with contamination by sialic crustal components. The auriferous skarns are both calcic and magnesian, but calcic skarns are most common. The constituent minerals of the calcic skarns are diopside, garnet, wollastonite, vesuvianite and scapolite, whereas magnesian skarns are dominated by forsterite, spinel, diopside, phlogopite, chondrodite and clinohumite, with abundant superimposed serpentine, clinochlore and brucite. The compositions of coexisting pyroxenes and garnets are diopside and andradite, indicating the high oxygen fugacity and low acidity conditions. Gold is closely associated with Cu (Pb, Zn) sulfides and exists mainly in the form of native gold and electrum. Arsenides, tellurides, bismuthides and selenides are present in many ore deposits. Therefore, Cu, As, Bi, Te, Ag, Pb, Zn, Se and Co are the major metals present in the deposits and are important geochemical ore-searching indicators. In some Au (Fe, Cu) magnesian skarns, magnesiomagnetite, magnesioferrite and ludwigite are locally abundant. The metasomatic zoning in many gold skarn deposits is very distinct consisting of an outward sequence of: Fe (Cu)→Cu (Mo)→Cu (Au)→Au (Cu)→Au (Pb, Zn). The geologic characteristics of Au (Cu) skarn deposits that formed in the mobile platformal setting of China have distinct differences compared to Au skarns formed in orogenic belts at convergent plate margins in British Columbia and the western USA.     

铜陵天马山硫金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

天马山硫金矿床的矿体分为层状矿体、接触带矿体和穿层矿体。层状矿体和穿层矿体受石炭系黄龙组、船山组地层层位和层间断裂控制。接触带矿体受接触带控制 ,具矽卡岩型矿体典型特征。矿床的形成受地层、构造及岩浆岩控制 ,矿床成因为层控矽卡岩型硫金矿床     

微细浸染型金矿床的一种新的亚类--硅质岩型金矿

根据广东和广西 3个金矿床 (长坑 ,高龙和果提 )的资料认为 ,微细浸染型金矿 (卡林型金矿 )中存在一种亚类 ,叫做硅质岩型金矿。它以碳质硅质岩为含矿主岩 ,该岩石宏观上呈层状 ,主要由细小的石英和碳质物组成 ,金呈微细浸染状存在。该类矿床具有一般微细浸染型金矿床的主要特征 ,但不属于后生热液蚀变交代成因 ,而是主要通过热水沉积作用形成 ,同时可以混入一定量的生物沉积和冷水沉积的物质。由此认为 ,微细浸染型金矿有多种成因 ,包括后生热液成因 ,热水沉积成因以及其他成因 ,应该从“热水沉积同生成矿”的角度考虑硅质岩型金矿的找矿思路。建议对一些金矿区的“硅化岩”重新研究 ,查明其真正属性。中国南方是寻找硅质岩型金矿床极有远景的区域