宽城地震台地倾斜观测的气压响应分析及排除

将宽城地震台地倾斜观测和气压观测数据,通过小波变换分析提取气压对地倾斜观测的干扰时段,再对气压干扰时段观测数据进行线性拟合去趋势、别尔采夫滤波获得观测数据的日漂移信息,最终获得地倾斜观测和气压观测的相关系数,通过线性拟合进行气压干扰的排除研究。结果表明：宽城台地倾斜观测与气压观测具有正相关性,通过此方案对地倾斜观测受气压干扰的观测数据进行干扰排除,可以取得较好的效果,提高观测数据可靠程度。     

深井抽水对地倾斜观测影响的实验研究

采用抽水、放水实验方法,研究地倾斜的变化量与地下水抽取量之间的关系、蓄水池池水变化量与地倾斜变化量之间的关系。通过对抽水实验数据分析研究可知:在放水速率(V放水9 m3/h)、总放水量(T82 m3)有限的前提下,弥渡地震台观测山洞正上方30 m处的蓄水池水量变化不会引起地倾斜观测资料的明显变化;而地下水抽取是造成地倾斜异常变化的主要原因,且地倾斜异常变化在时间上与抽水作业(起止时间)保持高度同步性;抽水活动持续时间与地倾斜变化量是成非线性关系:随抽水时间延长,地倾斜变化速率开始较快,随后减小。但在开始抽水2小时时段内表现为近似线性关系,即NS测向VNS=-0.045 53 ms/min,EW测向VEW=-0.079 71 ms/min。通过频域分析可知:弥渡地倾斜观测受抽水干扰的异常信号的频率在0.001 8~0.003 Hz之间。由此,笔者设计了带阻滤波处理软件对抽水干扰信号频段进行处理,降低了抽水作业对弥渡地倾斜观测的影响。     

吉林省地倾斜震前异常特征研究

本文清理了处震前地倾斜异常实例，总结了吉林省地倾斜震前异常特征。并从观测仪器特性和区域构造特点两个方面对异常特征作了分析和讨论。     

新疆中强地震前的地倾斜异常

地倾斜变化作为一种地震前兆现象,在国内外已被人们广泛重视,因此,观测和研究地震前地倾斜的变化,在地震预报探索中有其重要的意义。 我国地震系统进行地倾斜观测和研究已有十多年的历史,新疆也有15个台站曾先后开展过此项观测,获得了大量的资料,也曾试用于地震预报的探索工作,但是,实践证明震前的地倾斜变化是十分复杂的,影响因素很多。 本文试图以实际记录到的若干震前地倾斜信息,研究新疆地区倾斜前兆的某些特征。     

由尔奈斯火山上的GEOSCOPE VBB台站得到的地倾斜信号

报道了距富尔奈斯火山顶8km处的GEOSCOPE台网甚宽频带地震台观测的甚长周期的瞬变过程。我们将地震台观测到的地面速度转换成地倾斜并通过与同一拱顶观测室内Blum型传统摆式倾斜仪记录的数据相比较检验了结果。通过比较表明，用水平地震仪测量周期小于25h的地倾斜是有效的。把这种方法用于1991年以来的几次火山喷发和岩浆侵入之前观测到的瞬变过程。由于GEOSCOPE台站到火山顶的距离适中，因而所得到的地倾斜观测值提供了有关火山喷发和岩浆侵入的信息，补充了火山顶部地倾斜观测网提供的有关岩浆源的形态和位置信息。     

地倾斜观测资料的归算

本文针对我国地倾斜观测仪器设置的实情，推导出由任意两方向设置的倾斜仪观测资料计算地倾斜角及其倾斜方位角有的通用公式，以及归算至南北、东西方位的公式。用本文的公式对泰安台两种类型倾斜仪观测进行了归算，归算后其倾斜固体潮曲线同就变化，相关性明显增强。对大同－阳讥Ｍｓ－６．１地震前的倾斜异常资料也进行了归算，归算后异常也比较明显。最后，作用还对我国地倾斜观测资料的归算工作提出了具体意见。     

广东省地震局《地倾斜台站观测规范》研讨班在广州举办

为了贯彻落实国家地震局关于地震台站观测规范化的精神,为广东省地倾斜台站从1987年元月一日起正式执行新的《地倾斜台站观测规范》作好业务、技术上的准备,局监测处组织了汕头台、五山台、信宜台、茂名台和综合室有关同志在广州举办了为期三天的新规范研讨班。研讨班首先听取了1986年9月在上海台开的“《地倾斜台站观测规范》研讨班”、“第三次全国基本台站定点形变连续观测工作会议”及“DQG综合监控仪鉴定会”三个会议的情     

大同市地倾斜变化特征及影响因素浅析

文章以大同市同煤一中观测站20多年来的地倾斜观测数据为基础,对地倾斜NS、EW两测项数据进行系统分析;同时结合日常工作及观测实际情况,对降雨、温度、地下水位变化、人为影响、周边环境改变、仪器性能等可能存在的影响因素进行分析。结果发现,同煤一中地倾斜观测主要的影响因素除仪器维护时人为造成的干扰外,还有100m范围内较大的工程施工。     

海潮对倾斜仪及伸缩仪观测的影响

利用Farrell模式，结合烟台海洋洁潮汐，估算了海潮对烟台地倾斜、伸缩仪观测影响的量值。有了这一数据，就可以根据烟台的海潮观测资料对地倾斜、伸缩仪观测资料进行海潮影响的改正。     

四川部份地倾斜台站资料的频谱分析及其主要干扰因素探讨

地倾斜观测数据是随时间变化的一条连续曲线,它含有趋势性变化和周期性变化以及突发性变化的成份。我们不仅对这些成份的量级感兴趣.而且对造成这些成份的原因及其物理机制也感兴趣。为了综合探讨和研究这个问题,就必须首先找到一个既能够正确描述地倾斜观测过程又能够有效区分观测数据中各种成份的数学模型。利用带线性项的富里哀多项式对观测数据进行拟合的方法,就是能够卓有成效地完成这种任务的一种     

姑咱台地面周日倾斜响应特征分析

本文介绍了利用安装在三个以上方向的连通管倾斜仪进行地面倾斜计算的对比分析方法,并根据姑咱台安装在三个方向的连通管倾斜仪观测资料对地面倾斜的可靠性以及地面倾斜运动响应特征进行了分析。     

Application of polarization analysis in correcting the orientation error of a downhole seismometer

This paper shows that the polarization analysis of later arrivals could be used to estimate the orientation error and the tilt of the downhole accelerometers in the Dahan downhole strong-motion array. This four-level array is located to the north of Hualien city in eastern Taiwan. Polarization analysis of a windowed signal which includes significant phases (e.g. primary S wave) can give a stable major polarization axis. This axis can then be used as the reference direction for correcting the orientation error and the tilt of the downhole seismometers. If the surface instrument is chosen as the reference, the angle between the major polarization axes of the surface and any downhole recordings will be the orientation error needed to be corrected for the downhole accelerograph. This angle is a combination of the tilt and the orientation errors which correspond to the dip and strike of maximum polarization, respectively. At the Dahan downhole strong-motion array, the orientation errors of the seismometers at the depth of 50, 100 and 200 m were 1°, 90° and 84°. These orientation errors were consistent with the horizontal particle-motion analysis. The errors of horizontal plane (tilt) were almost zero. After correction, the coherency of the waveforms between the surface and the downhole recordings was significantly improved.     

芦山“4·20”7.0级地震同震位移场考证及地表变形模式初探

针对2013年四川芦山7.0级地震震源机制与GPS同震位移场不完全一致的问题,利用高精度水平仪对LS05、LS06等6个GPS连续观测临时站观测墩进行了倾斜测量,对SCTQ墩面水准点高差进行了复测,并对该区域地表变形进行了调查。倾斜测量结果表明,LS06等5个站观测墩相对建站时均无明显倾斜。LS05站观测墩标的确相对建站时发生了倾斜,估计其倾斜量在0.4°～1.2°,倾斜方向以NW为主。无论该点倾斜发生于哪个时段,均不影响同震位移以S向运动为主的特征。对SCTQ基准站观测墩面水准测量结果表明,该站点观测墩非常稳定,未发生倾斜。野外地表调查表明,地壳挤压缩短变形特征较为明显,LS05测点周边确有SW向加速运动和剪切变形现象。综合分析认为,LS05、SCTQ和LS06等GPS测点表现出的左旋应变释放特征真实可靠。     

The impact of the planetary β-effect on the vertical structure of a coherent vortex in the South China Sea

Ocean Dynamics - Vertical axes of mesoscale eddies with the coherent structure were observed to tilt southwestward significantly from the sea surface to bottom in the South China Sea. The dynamic...     

Poroelasticity: observations of anomalous near surface tilt induced by ground water pumping

Ground tilt signals observed at three different test sites in Germany confirm earlier observations of surface deformation occurences caused by the withdrawal of ground water from nearby wells. The strength of the signals presented here ranges from a few μrad to 230 μrad, whereby ground tilt was measured in shallow boreholes, at depths between 2 and 4 m. Analysis of the tilt signals suggests that local inhomogeneities in the subsoil can have significant impact on several signal parameters, namely its maximum amplitude, its variation in time, and its strike with respect to the direction of the productive well. The observed data emphasize the likelihood of various causes for deviations from the ‘normal’ tilt response that holds for an isotropic poroelastic half-space. In particular, at one site, a reverse well level change, also known as ‘Noordbergum effect’ in hydrogeology, is seen together with a respective response in the tilt signal. The study concludes that near surface deformation in the vicinity of pumped wells bears a wealth of information that may be useful to constrain the conditions of fluid flow at depth; and that there is a need for model calculations to fully understand the involved phenomena.     

利用不规则形状载荷模型研究周边矿山开采对营口倾斜观测的影响

在对比地表集中荷载模型和二维有限载荷模型的基础上, 结合营口台SQ-70模拟水平摆倾斜仪2009~2016年异常变化时段受矿山开采影响的实例, 采用二维有限不规则荷载模型定量计算了矿山开采的不同阶段对石英摆倾斜量的影响程度。 结果表明: 营口倾斜观测受周边矿山开采影响严重; 2009年以后矿山开采量引起营口地区地表倾斜的理论值与实际观测值基本相符, 该时段数据破年变异常为矿山开采影响的可能性较大; 2013年以后营口石英摆观测值与矿山开采引起地表倾斜的理论值相差较大, 因此2013年后的数据异常变化不完全是矿山开采引起, 可能是地壳倾斜变化的实际反映。     

倾斜观测载荷干扰源最小"安静"距离理论分析

作为一种高精度的形变观测,钻孔倾斜观测点必须尽可能避开干扰源。河流、湖泊、仓库(货场、列车编组站)和铁路,是几种主要的影响钻孔倾斜观测的地面载荷变化干扰源。中对这些地面载荷变化干扰影响分别建立了不同的模型,提出了针对一定的干扰限定指标,估计观测点到干扰源的最小“安静”距离的方法。     

Collinear and cross-over adjustment of Geosat ERM and Seasat altimeter data in the Mediterranean Sea

The computation of mean sea surface heights from a set of collinear Geosat ERM altimeter data tracks was carried out in a collinear adjustment, where 1 cy/rev cosine and sine coefficients for each track are estimated, so the differences between the collinear tracks are minimized. Then bias/tilt cross-over adjustments of stacked Geosat and Seasat altimetry were carried out. The problems with the free surface in the cross-over adjusted altimetric surface were treated using the absolute sea surface heights relative to the geoid model OSU89B. In a combined adjustment of the two altimeter data sets using cross-over and height informations simultaneously a RMS of the cross-overs of 0.080 m and a RMS of the sea surface heights relative to OSU89B of 0.611 m were obtained.     

Structural Setting of the Northeastern Biga Peninsula (Turkey) from Tilt Derivatives of Gravity Gradient Tensors and Magnitude of Horizontal Gravity Components

The tilt derivatives (or angles) are determined using the gravity gradient tensors (GGT) from two horizontal components (Gx, Gy) and vertical component (Gz), and the magnitude of the horizontal components (MHC). We show that the tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC are highly suitable for mapping linear geological structures or edges of target geology. The results obtained from theoretical data, with and without random noise, have been analyzed in this study. The tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC allow imaging the horizontal boundaries of gravity sources with a high resolution and show an improvement performance as edge detectors since they are ultra sensitive for detecting source boundaries. The tilt derivatives from GGT and MHC over the northeast of the Biga Peninsula in northwestern, Turkey are interpreted to image the edges of geological structures. Tilt derivatives provide a quick method which works well to obtain a detailed structural image of the complex area, with the most precision. The results indicate that the most predominant structural trends are in a NE-SW direction. Therefore, a good correspondence is recognized between structures well known by surface geology and many other lineaments which are unknown or only partially known.