通过子波变换分析宫崎大震前后鹿屋台地震垂直分量的变化

１９９６年１０月１９日日本九州宫崎发生７．１级地震,震中离鹿屋地台约９０ｋｍ。作者将子波变换后的鹿屋与武汉（或成都）台的Ｚ时均值资料进行比较,发现临震前后的“日变幅差”有异常存在。     

日本鹿屋台地磁转换函数的变化

1996年10月19日本九州宫崎发生7．1级大地震，震中离鹿屋地磁台约90km。分析了鹿屋台1989～2001年分钟值资料。周期等于60min和41min的地磁转换函数Au在1993年至1998年初呈现下降趋势。年变率达0．01α^-1。此变化有可能与宫崎地震相关。另外，从震前数年Parkinson矢量转向特征推测，震源区的电导率似乎是变小的。     

日本鹿屋台地磁静日变化中可能存在的震磁效应

１９９６年１０月１９日日本九州宫崎（Ｍｉｙａｚａｋｉ）发生７．１级地城,城中距鹿层地磁台约９０ｋｍ。利用Ｓｑ单台Ｚ／Ｈ法分析了１９８１～１９９８年鹿屋台与佘山台的资料,再研究两台视深比随时间的变化,结果表明,地震前一年多时间内视深化出现较大的负异常,同期的佘山与武汉台的视深比曲线未出现类似的异现象。因此,上述异常可能与宫崎地震有关。     

磁暴特性统计分析

本文使用柿岗(1924—1981年)女满别和鹿屋(1958—1981年)的磁暴资料,对磁暴的各种特性,进行了统计分析。为进一步验证这些结果,又用IAGA1968—1981年的SSC资料进行了对比分析,其主要研究成果如下: 1)柿岗SSC的发生频次的日变化,早晨5—7点最小,9点开始急剧增加,并且在白天18点以前多,夜间至清晨少。与IAGA资料中同期的日变化相比,两者的变化基本相似。 2)柿岗SC的幅度△H(nT)的日变化,夜间大,上午8—10点最小。而且在女满别最大的幅度比柿岗和鹿屋的都大,最小的幅度比柿岗和鹿屋的又都小。也就是说,越往北,日变化小,幅度越大。因此,可看作是由在高纬度地区的两个急始涡旋电流带来的影响。     

磁暴与太阳黑子的相关性

磁暴是太阳活动与地磁场相互作用所引起的一种复杂的地球物理效应。它们之间的活动相关性已得到了一些定性的了解。例如,据统计分析1937—1959年的580个太阳大耀斑表明,有50％的大耀斑可以引起磁暴。以及太阳黑子数与地磁活动程度(u)之间的11年周期变化等。为了解磁暴与太阳黑子的关系,本文利用太阳黑子相对数与日本柿岗地磁台1948—1978年间(其中所缺的1959—1962年的资料利用鹿屋台资料)每年出现的磁暴数,并     

《华南地震》2003年第23卷总目次

第　 1　期中小地震的流磁异常信息刘义高 ,方　谦 ,郎效龄 ,汪继林 (1)………………………………………………日本鹿屋台地磁转换函数的变化陈伯舫 (8)………………………………………………………………………上海及邻区的地壳形变速率与地震活动宋先月 ,宋治平 ,张　肃 ,汪育新 ,倪友忠 (13)…………………南海东北部滨海断裂的研究现状与展望赵明辉 ,丘学林 ,夏戡原 ,叶春明 (2 0 )……………………………水库诱发地震研究的历史、现状与发展趋势易立新 ,车用太 ,王广才 (2 8)…………………………………磁暴二倍法预报大震的物理机制讨…     

唐山7.8级地震前后昌黎台磁偏角日变幅度的变化

本文利用昌黎台和青光台磁偏角日变幅度与白家疃台日变幅度相减,得出两台的日幅差。发现在唐山地震前昌黎台日变幅度有0.26分的异常变化。分析认为,这种异常变化是由于地震前的应力变化使得感应磁场变化而引起的。     

山西大地电场弱日变分析

通过分析山西5个地电场观测台站的弱大地电场日变化现象,认为其与电极的稳定性密切相关,这在代县台、临汾台、夏县台大地电场中表现比较明显;其次背景噪声大是造成山西大地电场弱日变的另一主要原因,这在大同台、太原台大地电场表现比较明显。此外,山西大地电场弱日变化与各台地下电性结构、季节变化等因素有密切的关系。     

甘肃嘉峪关、瓜州地电场日变化与地电暴差异机理分析

通过甘肃省嘉峪关台地磁场观测资料,研究嘉峪关台、瓜州台磁静日地电场日变化的时频特征波;由地电场分钟值观测数据的时序叠加残差方法,研究嘉峪关、瓜州山的地电暴变化。结果表明:(1)两台地电场静日变化以两次起伏变化为主,无相位差,但两台之间日变幅差异较大;(2)地电场分量变化与地磁场正交分量变化显著相关;地电场与地磁场日变波形不同,极值时间有差异。2个台存在很明显的高频成分,在去除了高频变化后,其优势周期也相同,从大到小依次为12 h、8 h、24 h。地磁场H分量因存在磁暴影响,故高频变化较多,在去除了磁暴影响后,其优势周期从大到小依次为24 h、12 h、8 h;(3)当电磁暴扰动剧烈时,两台可以较清晰地记录到地电暴的完整变化。在发生电磁暴时,地电场与地磁场的相关性明显降低,且不同台、不同测向之间的变化幅度也不尽相同。两台东分量E_Y暴日的日变幅较静日明显增大,磁暴期间Y分量变化率与地电场东分量E_Y观测数据显著相关,由此说明:两台日变幅的不同与台站台址电导率有关,太阳风引起的电离层活动是引起了地电场日变化主因。引起电暴的原因可能不同于引起日变化的原因,主要是两台之间及不同测向之间的浅、深层电阻率和地质构造等诸多因素的结果。     

黑龙江省大地电场观测数据的分析与应用

首先对黑龙江省7个大地电场观测台站的概况进行了简单的介绍,然后评估了大地电场观测数据的效能,分析了大地电场观测的日变化特征和干扰因素以及大地电场的正常场和异常信息。结果表明,典型的干扰主要有降雨、共用电极和地磁暴,其中大磁暴干扰一般会出现在高频信号中并破坏正常的日变形态,其主要表现为多个台站同时出现异常信号。在观测系统和环境因素正常的情况下,只有绥化台、德都台、肇东台、通河台、林甸台、望奎台的大地电场观测曲线有明显的日变化形态,其与地磁日变化形态相似,而密山台由于受到严重的干扰,大地电场观测曲线没有出现较好的日变形态。另外,笔者对一些可能与地震相关的异常现象进行了初步的分析探讨。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。