基于高分辨遥感影像的城市绿地信息提取研究

城市绿地以植物为主要存在形态,是城市的净化器,有着保持水土、涵养水源、调节自然界生态平衡等作用,与人们的工作和生活都息息相关,是城市不可或缺的一部分。本文以淮南市为例,使用World View-2高分辨率遥感影像,先对影像进行预处理,然后利用面向对象方法,对影像进行多尺度分割,再提取绿地信息。实验结果表明,使用高分辨率的遥感影像,利用面向对象的方法进行绿地信息的提取的效果是可行的,并且效果和精度都比较好。     

城市绿地信息提取遥感影像尺度效应分析

绿地信息提取精度与影像的空间尺度有关,又与提取目标的特点有关。目前用于绿地信息提取的高分辨率遥感影像主要有QUICKBIRD、IKONOS和SPOT5,不同尺度影像对绿地信息提取精度的影响还缺少相关的研究。本文利用目视解译方法,研究三种尺度遥感影像提取绿地信息的精度。结果表明,三种影像中,由于QUICK-BIRD影像有更详细的空间结构,更适合于城市绿地零星分布特点,在以7层建筑物以下为主的研究区,绿地信息提取精度最高。     

资源三号卫星遥感影像无控制点校正影像精度分析评估

随着地理信息服务对数据更新要求越来越高,处理卫星遥感影像速度也要求越来越快.RPC无像控点校正遥感影像是目前较流行的快速遥感影像处理方式.资源三号遥感卫星是我国第一颗民用高分辨率测绘卫星,其轨道定位和相机参数精度高,可以实现较高精度的RPC影像校正.本研究通过广西多个不同地形地貌地区的资源三号卫星遥感影像的RPC校正,分析其影像绝对定位精度以及多光谱影像与全色光谱影像的相对定位精度,评估进行快速无像控点影像校正的可行性.     

资源三号卫星全色与多光谱影像融合方法

在处理新型高分辨率遥感卫星影像时,传统的像素级融合方法会引起绿色植被区域较大的光谱扭曲.本文提出一种适合资源三号卫星影像的融合新方法,可以很好地解决此问题.首先对全色图像进行低通滤波并下采样得到退化后的图像HP,利用回归方法建立多光谱影像与图像HP的方程求解回归系数,考虑到绿色植被颜色失真严重,采用NDVI进行分类,分别求取绿地和非绿地的回归系数进行分类融合.试验结果证明,该方法在提高多光谱影像分辨率的同时,尽可能多地保持了光谱信息,特别是绿色植被区域,融合效果要好于其他方法.     

基于资源三号卫星影像的数字正射影像快速生产及精度分析

资源三号卫星的成功发射填补了我国立体卫星测绘的空白,且可提供高分辨率的遥感影像。本文基于资源三号卫星影像,简要介绍了数字正射影像(DOM)快速制作流程,并分别对比分析其在无控、有控以及稀少控制条件下的精度。     

高分辨率三线阵卫星遥感影像的区域网平差算法与试验

简述高分辨率遥感卫星影像的几何定位处理过程,分析了区域网平差的必要性。结合线阵传感器的成像特点,对传感器严格几何模型、卫星轨道模型、传感器内方位误差模型进行研究,初步建立了高分辨率遥感卫星的平差数学模型。采用区域网平差方法对内方位元素和外方位元素进行解算,并利用资源三号卫星线阵影像和ALOS PRISM线阵影像进行试验。试验结果表明,对高分辨率遥感卫星线阵传感器进行区域网平差可以有效提高卫星影像的几何定位精度。     

资源三号卫星立体影像定位精度的研究和验证

摘要：资源三号卫星是集测绘和资源调查于一体的我国第一颗民用高分辨率立体测绘卫星。介绍资源三号卫星立体影像的数据组织及影像特性,通过试验采用影像信息增强的预处理方法,论证基于稀少控制的资源三号卫星立体影像的实际定向精度及其所能达到的精度规格,总结出适用于规模化生产的稀少控制布点要求。     

基于资源三号卫星影像的城市绿地信息提取方法探讨

我国高分遥感卫星的发展为城市绿地的规划、建设和改造提供有力的技术支持。研究利用资源三号卫星全色和多光谱影像,以国内某城市为例,采用基于规则的面向对象分类技术获取城市绿地。研究提出的技术方案,简单易行,具有较好的应用性。对于推动资源三号卫星在国土资源和城市规划方面的应用具有重要意义。     

基于ALOS数据的厦门岛城市绿地景观格局分析

以厦门岛为研究区,利用ALOS卫星AVNIR-2和PRISM高分辨率遥感影像,基于新版《城市绿地分类标准》,采用NDVI阈值法和目视解译法进行城市绿地分类,研究2010年厦门本岛的城市绿地的景观格局。结果表明:①公园绿地形成厦门岛城市绿地分布的主要格局;②城市绿地景观结构格局不合理,不同绿地类型在不同斑块等级上的数量和面积上分布不太均衡;③防护绿地和附属绿地斑块密度大、破碎度高、聚集度低,公园绿地和区域绿地则相反。城市绿地多样性较高,丰富度大,但景观破碎度高、均匀度低。     

高分辨率遥感卫星传感器严格成像模型的建立及验证

本文对高分辨率遥感卫星传感器严格成像模型进行了深入研究。分析了星载线阵CCD传感器严格成像模型的一般建立方法与过程,针对SPOT 5 HRS/HRG、ALOS PRISM、资源三号TLC等典型的高分辨率遥感卫星传感器特点,分别给出了3种改化的严格成像模型;设计了基于光束法区域网平差的模型验证方法。利用登封遥感实验场区域的3种卫星影像及相关辅助数据,对严格成像模型的正确性进行了验证。结果表明3种改化模型可有效实现卫星影像的平差定位。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。