南沙海域鸢乌贼繁殖生物学特性

【目的】研究南沙海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)四个季节繁殖力、性腺成熟度、性成熟比例及卵径的变化规律。【方法】根据2018年灯光罩网作业渔船在我国南海南沙海域捕获的907尾鸢乌贼样本,通过测量胴长、体质量、性腺成熟度、性腺质量、卵粒数,研究鸢乌贼的繁殖生物学特性及变化规律。【结果】鸢乌贼胴长为45～165 mm,体质量为2.52～193.02 g;冬季雌雄比最高(1.23),夏季雌雄比最低(0.51);鸢乌贼个体性成熟比例较高季节分别为春季(53.3%)和冬季(48.4%);雌性个体性成熟度指数值最高为春季(1.27),最低为冬季(0.75),雄性个体性成熟度指数全年变化不明显;鸢乌贼潜在繁殖力为1 802～64 627粒,相对繁殖力为66.6～990.0粒·g-1,胴长与潜在繁殖力呈正相关线性关系;卵细胞长径为0.12～1.73 mm,平均(0.68±0.23)mm,短径为0.08～1.30mm,平均(0.47±0.20)mm。【结论】2018年鸢乌贼繁殖高峰期出现在春季和冬季,卵径大小与个体生长发育关系不明显,繁殖策略存在季节性差异。     

智利外海茎柔鱼生物学特性的初步研究

根据2007年1月和5～6月我国鱿钓船在智利外海的调查数据,对茎柔鱼生物学特性进行初步分析。结果表明:该地区茎柔鱼胴长范围287～702 mm,优势胴长为380～430 mm,占64.2%;体重范围0.63～11.3 kg,优势体重为0.5～2.0 kg,占75.6%;调查海区渔获个体自西向东、自南往北呈现增大趋势;依据胴长组成推断调查海域可能存在3个群体。生长指数大于3,与秘鲁外海茎柔鱼相近;雌雄性比约为3:1,性腺成熟度以Ⅰ期为主,占92%;摄食等级0～2级为主,约占73%;当地时间00:00后摄食量增大,胃含物以鱿鱼和中上层小型鱼类为主。     

南海鸢乌贼3个地理群体形态差异与判别分析

根据2012年2月—2013年5月间在南沙群岛、中西沙群岛和东沙岛海域12个航次采集的3 245尾鸢乌贼样本,测量了胴长、腕长等12项形态参数,运用多元统计分析方法对南海鸢乌贼群体进行形态差异分析与判别。结果显示:南海3个海域均分布胴背有或无卵形光斑的鸢乌贼;3个地理群体的形态差异属于种内差异,各群体间在TCL(触腕穗长)/ML(胴长)、FL(鳍长)/ML、HW(头宽)/ML和MW(胴宽)/ML均数差异极显著;前6个主成分形态特征值的贡献率分别为30.1%、9.6%、9.2%、8.6%、8.2%、7.4%,合计73.1%;3个地理群体间形态差异显著(P0.01),所建立的鸢乌贼地理群体判别函数的判别准确率为61.7~78.1%,综合判别率为65.6%。多元分析结果表明,南海鸢乌贼可划分为东沙、中西沙及南沙3个地理群体。     

东黄海秋季短蛸渔业生物学特性的初步研究

【目的】了解我国近海短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)的生物学特性,比较不同海域短蛸的差异。【方法】根据2015年10～11月在东海和黄海采集的272尾短蛸样本,研究其胴长和体质量组成、性别比例、性腺成熟度和摄食强度等生物学特性。【结果】东海芦潮港海域短蛸的胴长范围为38～75mm,平均胴长为53.6mm,优势胴长组为50～70 mm;体质量范围为24～92 g,平均体质量为56.7 g,优势体质量组为50～90 g;东海舟山海域短蛸的胴长范围为30～75 mm,平均胴长为56.0 mm,优势胴长组为45～70 mm;体质量范围为27～123 g,平均体质量为68.9 g,优势体质量组为60～100 g;黄海青岛海域短蛸的胴长范围为36～90 mm,平均胴长为65.6 mm,优势胴长组为55～70 mm;体质量范围为23～276 g,平均体质量为111.2 g,优势体质量组为60～140 g。不同海域的短蛸性比不同,黄海短蛸雌性多于雄性,东海雄性多于雌性。【结论】不同海域的短蛸在胴长、体质量、性比、性成熟度等方面存在差异。     

基于耳石形态特征的南海鸢乌贼群体判别分析

【目的】通过耳石形态参数对南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoeuthisoualaniensis)不同群体进行判别。【方法】采用2012年4月-2013年1月采自南海南沙群岛、东沙群岛和中沙西沙群岛周边海域灯光罩网渔获的268尾鸢乌贼耳石样本(雌性166尾、雄性102尾),通过耳石总长(TSL)、最大宽度(MW)、侧区长(LDL)、背侧区长(DLL)、吻侧区长(RLL)、吻区长(RL)、吻区宽(RW)、翼区长(WL)和翼区宽(WW)9个形态参数进行主成分分析,采用不同校正方法判别分析3个不同海域和3个不同体型群体的耳石差异性。【结果】统计并分析鸢乌贼耳石形态参数可知,南海鸢乌贼耳石具有翼区宽大、侧区次之、背区稍小、吻区长窄的形态特征。主成分分析表明,鸢乌贼的耳石长度参数TSL、LDL、DLL、WL和宽度参数MW可代替9项形态参数来描述耳石的形态特征;函数拟合结果,5项表征与鸢乌贼胴长有较强的线性函数关系。判别分析表明,比值校正法对3个地理群体判别中具有较好稳定性,总体成功率为60.4%;中沙西沙群体和微型群体的耳石形态在判别中有较好的区分度。【结论】不同群体的南海鸢乌贼耳石形态特征具有较大差异性,中、西沙群体和微型群体与其他群体存在较高的区分度。     

南沙北部灯光罩网与金枪鱼延绳钓联合探捕

2010年7月利用灯光罩网和延绳钓对南沙北部海域进行了初步的渔业资源调查,报道了该海域的鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)和金枪鱼的渔获与分布状况。灯光罩网平均CPUE 63.90 kg/网,主要渔获物为鸢乌贼,占总产量的67.57%,平均胴长122 mm,质量89.6 g;延绳钓平均CPUE为18.19 kg/百钩,其中大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)3.24 kg/百钩、短鳍斜齿鲨(Scoliodon Palasorrah)10.46 kg/百钩,渔获尾数较多的为帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)和黑魟(Dasyatis atratus),分别占总数的39.13%和26.09%。提出南沙金枪鱼捕捞采用延绳钓与灯光罩网联合方式的建议。     

东太平洋赤道公海茎柔鱼生物学特性

根据2013年4~6月在赤道公海探捕期间采集茎柔鱼样本,研究赤道公海茎柔鱼渔业生物学特性。结果表明,不同性别、不同月份,茎柔鱼胴长和体质量组成不同。雌、雄性样本的胴长范围分别为93~495 mm和94~406 mm,优势胴长组分别为260~340 mm和240~320 mm,分别占样本总数72.53%和70.26%;雌、雄性样本体质量范围分别为25~3 900 g和33~2170 g,优势体质量组分别为400~1 200 g和200~1 000 g,分别占样本总数82.71%和87.82%。雌、雄性茎柔鱼净体质量比例分别介于31.69%~80.51%和37.05%~81.35%之间,平均值分别为60.45%和62.73%。协方差分析表明,茎柔鱼胴长与体质量、胴长与净体质量的生长均存在性别间差异,胴长与体质量的生长都最适合用幂函数表示,而胴长与净体质量的生长,雌、雄性样本分别最适合用幂函数和指数函数表示。不同月份茎柔鱼性别比例构成不同,4月、5月和6月性别比例分别为1.87∶1、1.61∶1和1.17∶1,全部样本的性别比例为1.61∶1。不同月份茎柔鱼性腺成熟度的组成不同。不同性别、不同月份间茎柔鱼胃含物等级组成存在差异。     

东海中南部海域锈斑蟳渔业生物学和数量分布

研究了1998—1999年东海区虾蟹类调查所获的部分锈斑蟳样品与1998~2004年在东海拖虾作业与蟹笼作业等周年逐月渔获物中采集的锈斑蟳样品的生物学特性,结果表明:东海锈斑蟳渔获群体的甲长范围为26~105mm,甲宽范围为36~165 mm,体重范围为5~610 g,雄性个体平均要略大于雌性个体;周年雌蟹略多于雄蟹,性比为1∶0.94,繁殖期为7~12月,繁殖高峰期为8~10月,不同个体怀卵量在113 867~1 594 167粒之间;调查海区10月开始出现幼蟹,5月生长加速,最小抱卵个体的甲长为60 mm,甲宽为85 mm,体重为110 g。另根据1998~1999年调查资料分析得知:锈斑蟳主要分布在长江口渔场以南水深60 m以内海域,中心区分布在闽东渔场,渔期为11月~翌年2月,是舟山、长江口渔场三疣梭子蟹汛期结束后,蟹笼、流刺网作业的又一主捕对象。     

雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴不同部位蛋白质营养价值的比较与评价

为探明雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴不同部位的蛋白质营养价值,测定雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴中脑、眼、性腺、鳔、肌肉及皮的水分、粗蛋白等基本营养成分,对各部位的氨基酸含量进行比较分析与评价。结果表明:1)鳔和皮中粗蛋白质量分数较高,肌肉次之,眼最低(♀/♂,8.48%/7.37%),雌雄鱼各部位粗蛋白质量分数,除雌性性腺极显著高于雄性(P<0.01)外,其他部位无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)6部位均测出18种氨基酸;3)6部位总氨基酸含量大小依次如下:雌性为鳔、皮、卵巢、肌肉、脑、眼,雄性为皮、鳔、肌肉、精巢、脑、眼;4)在性腺的氨基酸组成中,雌细鳞斜颌鲴氨基酸总量(20.70%)高于雄性(9.11%),差异极显著(P<0.01);5)雌雄的眼、鳔、肌肉、皮第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,雌鱼脑的第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,雄鱼脑和雌雄性腺第一限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸);6)雌雄脑的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)在6部位中最高,分别为82.13和80.91,肌肉的EAAI分别为72.89和71.80,皮的EAAI最低,分别为39.07和38.29。雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴6部位均含有丰富的氨基酸,其中雌性营养价值较雄性高。     

东海中南部海域锈斑蟳渔业生物学和数量分布

研究了1998-1999年东海区虾蟹类调查所获的部分锈斑蟪样品与1998—2004年在东海拖虾作业与蟹笼作业等周年逐月渔获物中采集的锈斑蟳样品的生物学特性，结果表明：东海锈斑蟳渔获群体的甲长范围为26—105mm，甲宽范围为36—165mm，体重范围为5—610g，雄性个体平均要略大于雌性个体；周年雌蟹略多于雄蟹，性比为1：0．94，繁殖期为7-12月，繁殖高峰期为8—10月．不同个体怀卵量在113867—1594167粒之间：调查海区10月开始出现幼蟹，5月生长加速，最小抱卵个体的甲长为60mm，甲宽为85mm，体重为110g。另根据1998—1999年调查资料分析得知：锈斑蟳主要分布在长江口渔场以南水深60m以内海域，中心区分布在闽东渔场，渔期为11月-翌年2月，是舟山、长江口渔场三疣梭子蟹汛期结束后，蟹笼、流刺网作业的又一主捕对象。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a