江西省1999年8～10月天气气候对农业生产的影响及遥感信息

1999年8～10月,天气气候的特点是气温的期偏低,后期偏高,降水偏多．日照偏少。全省8－10月平均气温27．5－18．6℃,与常年相比,8月份平均气温偏低0－2℃,9－10月平均气温们高0－2℃。8－10月降水总量239－749,mm,以乐平最多,瑞金最少;与常年相比,绝大部分县偏多1－6成,寻乌、瑞金、遂川等少部分县偏少1－5成;南昌市3个月降水量504mm,比常年偏多229mm。日照时数387－601h,比常年们少37－175h;南昌市日用时数462h,偏少156h。8－10月为我省秋收作物生长期,降水偏多,可以减少伏秋干旱对农作物的影响;日照虽偏少但能满足二晚…     

河西东部果树生产力与气候关系研究

应用武威地区气象局农试站１９８７、１９８８年果树试验资料，从果树生产力出发，系统定量分析了果树枝、果生长动态，客观划分出春、夏、秋梢和果实初生、高峰、缓生、成熟期之后，对照气候特点，得出海拔１５００ｍ气候带果实增长期适宜下限温度为１２℃，上限为３４℃；１７５０ｍ左右的地区，适宜下限为１３℃，上限为３０℃；果实停长下限为７℃。提出了提高果树生产力的途径。     

果树冻害抽条与FYBF型保水防冻剂的应用

辽宁是我国果业的主产区，凌源市是苹果栽培的北界。由于本市降水少，光热资源丰富．所产苹果以其色泽艳丽、酸甜、硬度适口、质优耐贮而闻名。但是．本市受大陆性季风气候影响．冬季寒冷干燥，春季大风干旱，冷暖交替频繁，影响了果业的经济效益。许多果树，特别是近几年引进的一些名优果幼树，如红富士、乔纳金、新世界、新红星等树种耐寒力较差．常常遭受到冻害和抽条的危害，已到了必须采取适宜防御措施的地步。为了保证优质果在本市安家落户，为发展高效果业，本文对果树冻害、抽条与环境气候条件的关系以及FYBF型保水防冻剂的应用进行探讨。     

江西省2002年1～3月天气特点概述

２００２年１～３月总的天气特点是：气温异常偏高，各月平均气温均有突破历史同期的最高记录，成为“数九寒天”里最暖和的１a；降水偏少，日照偏多。大部时段光温适宜，未出现明显的低温冻害和春分寒天气，有利油菜、冬小麦、绿肥等越冬作物的生长发育及柑桔等果树的安全越冬，同时有利早稻、棉花等春播作物的播种、育苗及秧苗生长。２００２年１～３月气温全省较常年偏高２．５～３．９℃。１月全省气温偏高１．７～３．７℃。除赣州市南部偏高１～２℃外，全省其它地区均偏高２℃以上。南昌、武宁、修水、九江、贵溪、景德镇、波阳、余…     

气温正常 降水不均

今年入秋以来，南北疆气温维持正常。9～10月，北疆平均气温为12．5℃，偏高0．6℃，主要是石河子以及乌鲁木齐以东的沿夭山一带偏高0．6～1．1℃。南疆平均气温基本正常，只偏高0．1℃；9～10月总降水量，北疆平均为36．5mm，比常年偏多12％，其中阿勒米最多为50mm，偏多62％。南疆平均为4．smm，仿少20％。降水主要分布在哈密、吐鲁番、和田等地。初霜期，北疆大部地区接近常年，南四大部地区提早2～9天。五月平均气温和月总降水江1．l月平均气温9月份，全疆大部平均气温为正距平，其中北征北部除阿勒泰偏低0．7℃外，其它地区构偏高0．5…     

2009年仲夏（7月份）四平地区低温少雨成因分析

2009年7月四平地区出现罕见的少雨和低温天气。月内全区无暴雨出现,较明显的降水天气过程只有一次,全区月平均降水量为99．7mm,比历年少39．1％。由于3个旬降水持续偏少,导致旱情极为严重,特别是西部的双辽县,月降水量仅有43．5mm。全区月平均气温为22．6℃,比历年同期低0．9℃,由于前期（6月份）已经出现了低温,7月继续持续低温,导致农作物生长发育因热量和日照不足而生长缓慢。文章通过对大气环流和高空形势演变的初步分析,探讨了四平地区仲夏低温少雨的成因。     

气候特点概述

2006年10-12月．江西省总的气候特点是：气温偏高；降水北少南多；日照偏少。主要气候事件有：10月全省平均气温为22．4℃，比历史同期偏高2．7℃．创历史同期新高；11月15日以后，全省出现了一段连阴雨天气．有15个站降水量创该月历年最高记录；12月频繁出现的大雾天气．对全省交通运输造成了较大影响。     

江西省1999年2月～4月天气气候对农业生产的影响及遥感信息

1999年2月一4月期间,全省平均气温8．6－246℃;降水量256－889nun;日照时效248－362h,全省大部地区日照较常价少3－77h,少数县市们多l－106h。南昌市此期间降水为652一,比常年同期偏多19倍;日照时只286h,比历年同期们少26h。！999年2－4月,天气条件对油菜生长有利有类;对早稻、棉花等着播作物有明显影响。3月中旬以前,大部时间温高光足,有利油菜开花结契,各地生育期比常年提前10d以上;3月中旬后期,受强冷空气法响,出现了重度春分寒天气,过程降温达10℃以上,九江币最抵气温达4℃左右,宜春地区低温连阴雨天气持续8－gd,导…     

天气、气候影响评述

正江西省2017年4—6月气温略偏高,降水略偏多,日照略偏少。天气气候条件对农业生产的影响前好后差,主要气象灾害为6月中旬、下旬的暴雨,导致赣北、赣中部分地区发生洪涝,造成农作物受灾、居民财物受损,经济损失严重。4月,气温偏高,降水偏少,日照明显偏多。上旬气温持续上升,旬平均气温为22—23℃,较常年同期偏高3℃,同期日照偏多15 h,光热条件对早稻育秧及直播、棉花育苗十分有利,有效补偿了3月阴雨造成的秧苗生长缓慢、素质偏差的影响。中下旬冷空气影响偏弱,     

江西省2001年10～12月天气特点概述

２００１年１０～１２月总的天气特点是：气温接近常年略偏高，降水北多南少，日照接近常年。２００１年１０～１２月平均气温全省大部分地区较常年偏高０．１～０．６℃。１０月平均气温全省偏高１℃以上，以瑞金市偏高２．１℃为最大。１１月除上饶市东部和南部较常年偏低外，全省其它地区接近常年。１２月除景德镇市、上饶市的东北部较常年偏高０．３～０．７℃外，全省其它地区偏低０．１～１．６℃。２００１年１０～１２月降水除吉安市的南部、赣州市较常年偏少０．４～５．２成外，全省大部分地区偏多０．６成～１．２倍。其中信江流…     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.