Application of nonlinear multi-channel algorithms for estimating sea surface temperature with NOAA-14 AVHRR data

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ 1 970ｓ,ｔｈｅＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＶｅｒｙＨｉｇｈＲｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＲａｄｉｏｍｅｔｅｒ(ＡＶＨＲＲ)ｏｎｂｏａｒｄｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＯｃｅａｎｉｃａｎｄＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ (ＮＯＡＡ)ｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆＰｏｌａｒ ｏｒｂｉｔｉｎｇＯｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌＥｎ ｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｓ (ＰＯＥＳ)ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ＳＳＴ)ｒｅｔｒｉｅｖａｌａｎｄｃｌｏｕ…     

REDUCED GROWTH IN HYBRID TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS×O. NILOTICUS) AT INTERMEDIATE STOCKING DENSITY

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｍｏｓｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ,ｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆｆｉｓｈｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｗａｓａｂｏｖｅａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔ (ＲｅｆｓｔｉｅａｎｄＫｉｔｔｌｅｓｉｎ ,1 976;Ｒｅｆｓｔｉｅ,1 977;Ｔｒｚｅｂｉａ ｔｏｗｓｋｉｅｔａｌ.,1 981 ;ＶｉｊａｙａｎａｎｄＬｅａｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄ ,1 988) .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｎａｃｏｌｄ ｗａｔｅｒｃａｒｎｉｖｏｒｏｕｓｆｉｓｈ ,ｔｈｅＡ…     

A VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN ULCER ON CULTURED FLOUNDER, PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｗａｓｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｎｅｅｄｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｂａｃｔｅｒｉａａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｉｎｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｌｏｓｓｔｏｆｉｓｈｆａｒｍｓ (Ｄｅｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 996;Ｌｉｎｅｔａｌ.,1 999) .Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｇｅｎｕｓｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｈａｖｅｅｍｅｒｇｅｄａｓｔ…     

CYTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF GAMETOGENESIS OF SCALLOPS,ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS AND CHLAMYS FARRERI

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＫｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｇａｍｅｔｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｉｎｖａｌｕａｂｌｅｍａｒｉｎｅａｎｉｍａｌｓｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｆｉｓｈ ｅｒｙ.Ｇａｍｅｔｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｉｎｂｉｖａｌｖｅｓｗａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄａｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｅｖｅｌｓ (Ｄｏｈｍｅｎ ,1 983 ;ＤｏｒａｎｇｅａｎｄＬｅＰｅｎｎｅｃ ,1 989ａ,ｂ) .Ｓｃａｌｌｏｐｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｍａｒｉｎｅｂｉｖａｌｖｅｓｈａｖｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｃｙｃｌｅ…     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS ( BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ) WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｔｉｎｇｅｇｇｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｓｅｘｕａｌ(ｍｉｃｔｉｃ)ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｏｎｏｇｏｎｏｎｔｒｏｔｉｆｅｒｓｌｉｋｅＢｒａｃｈｉｏ ｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓｏｒＢ .ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ,ｃａｎｂｅｒｅａｄｉｌｙｓｔｏｒｅｄａｎｄｕｓｅｄｗｈｅｎｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｓｔａｒｔｍａｓｓｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｆｏｏｄｓｆｏｒｌａｒｖｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｅｓａｎｄｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａｎｓ.Ｔｈｅ…     

THE RESUSPENSION RATE OF SEDIMENTS IN 32°N SECTION ON THE EAST CHINA SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅ“ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ”ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ ｃａｎｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌａｖｅｒａｇｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (Ｄｅｔｅｒ,1 978) ,ｈａｓｄｒａｗｎｔｈｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈａｔｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎ’ｓｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｔｏａｂｓｏｒ…     

COMBINED EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, IRRADIANCE AND SALINITY ON GROWTH OF DIATOM SKELETONEMA COSTATUM

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＶａｒｉｏｕｓｃａｕｓａｔｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ,ｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｓｆｏｒａｑｕａｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｙｓｔｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ (Ｈａｌｌｅｇｒｅａｆｆｅｔａｌ.,1 995)ｈａｓｌｅｄｔｏｅｘｔｅｎｓ ｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎＨＡＢ (ＨａｒｍｆｕｌＡｌｇａｌＢｌｏｏｍ) .ＹｅｔｔｈｅＨＡＢｍｅｃｈａｎｉ…     

STUDY ON THE ISOTHERMS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND Cu (Ⅱ) IN THE HUANGHE RIVER

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｔｈａｔｏｃｃｕｒｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ,ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ,ｅｔｃ.ａｎｄｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎａｎａｔｕｒａｌａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍｐｌａｙｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒｔｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐａｔｔｅｒｎ,ｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｔｈｅｒｅ.Ｓｉｎｃｅ…     

Relation of body weight and food consumption to metabolic rate of juvenile Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｅａｂａｓｓ (ＬａｔｅｏｌａｂｒａｘｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＣ＆Ｖ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａ ,ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ ,ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ,ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .Ａｓａｃａｒｎｉｖｏｒｏｕｓｆｉｓｈ ,ｉｔｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｈａｓａｄａｐｔｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｒ…     

RESEARCH ON RED TIDE OCCURRENCES USING ENCLOSED EXPERIMANTAL ECOSYSTEMS IN WEST XIAMEN HARBOR, CHINA——RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS FACTORS AND RED TIDE OCCURRENCES

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｄｔｉｄｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎＸｉａｍｅｎＨａｒｂｏｒｉｎ1986ａｎｄ1987.Ｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｍａｒｉｎｅｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｄｔｉｄｅｓａｎｄｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｍｕｃｈｕｓｅｆｕｌｄａｔａ(Ｚｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1988;Ｄｕ,1989;Ｚｈｕａｎｇ,1991;Ｃｈｅｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1993).Ｂｕｔｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｗａｔｅｒｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｌｗａｙｓｍａｄｅｉｔｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｄｔｉ…     

Biochemical studies on “sub-micrometer particles” at Daya Bay I. Study on concentration, distribution and correlation of trace metals in different size fractions

This paper discusses the measured concentrations of trace metals in different size fractions at Daya Bay, and describes the features of distribution and variation of lead, copper and cadmium there. On average, 16% of Pb, 10% of Cu and 8% of Cd which previously would have been considered in the dissolved phase are actually associated with colloidal material. Thus, past studies overestimate the dissolved trace-metal concentration. The correlation between the colloidal fraction and the so-called dissolved fraction suggests the significant role of colloidal material in the biogeochemistry of trace metals. Project supported by the National “Ninth-Five-Year Plan” Special Project (No.97-926-04-03) and “KZ95T-04-04-04” Fund.     

Study on Dissolved Trace Metals in Sea Surface Microlayer in Daya Bay

Glass-plate sampling during 1988- 1999 in Daya Bay and suitable corresponding analytical methods were used for the measurement of dissolved trace metals, dissolved organic carbon, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, salinity of the sea surface mierolayer and subsurface water. Apparent enrichment mechanism and diurnal variation have been revealed for dissolved trace metals in the microlayer in Daya Bay. The more dissolved organic matter was enriched in the sea surface microlayer, the more dissolved trace metals were enriched in the layer. The organic matter played an important role in the enrichment process. The diurnal variations of dissolved trace metals showed that their concentration was apparently inversely related to the tide activity that the concentration was low during rising tide, but high during falling tide. The behavior of dissolved trace metals expressed by the diurnal variation was clearly opposite to that of salinity.     

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE TRACE METALS IN ANOXIC SEAWATER, SAANICH INLET, B . C. CANADA

This paper discusses the spatial and seasonal distribution character of dissolved and paniculate trace metals in the anoxic seawater of Saanich Inlet, B.C., Canada. The study showed that concentration of dissolved and paniculate trace metals in anoxic seawater is closely related to (1) the concentration of H2S and the depth of the O2-H2S interface, (2) the exchange of seawater in Saanich Inlet with outside seawater, (3) biotic action, and (4) the flushing event. The study was based in part on the ratio between trace metals and nutrients. There was a steep change in the concentration of dissolved trace metals at the O2-H2S interface. The concentration of dissolved trace metals in the H2S-controlled zone was dependent on the H2S there. The suspended matter in Saanich Inlet comes from the Hero Strait seawater, phytoplankton production and resuspension of flushed-up sediments. The concentration of particulate trace metals was rather low in Saanich Inlet and tended to increase with depth. The total concentra     

Analysis of Cu,Co, V and Zn in coastal waters of the East China Sea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

In this study, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of trace metals(Cu, V, Co, Zn) in coastal seawater using the Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was developed. This multi-element method enables the simultaneous extraction of four metals, particularly Co and V. The recoveries of Cu, Co, V and Zn after Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation were 73%, 96%, 94% and 92%, which means that our procedure was well-suited to the determination of these four trace metals. The detection limits were 3.81, 0.18, 6.09 and 1.91 nmol L-1, respectively. Then, applying this method to the simultaneous determination of these four metals in coastal water samples from the East China Sea revealed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Co and V were higher in bottom waters compared to water at other depths, and higher concentrations were generally observed at the Yangtze River estuary. Additionally, example vertical profiles of dissolved trace metal concentrations for the East China Sea in spring and autumn are compared. These findings indicate that Zn had the greatest seasonal variation followed by Cu, V and Co. For Zn and Co, the concentrations were higher during spring than during autumn. For Cu and V, the seasonal variation in the concentrations was opposite.     

Composition and Origin of Ferromanganese Crusts from Equatorial Western Pacific Seamounts

In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.     

Preliminary study on the dissolved and colloidal organic carbon in the Zhujiang River estuary

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｓｔｕａｒｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅａｍａｊｏｒｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅａ (Ｍａｎ ｔｏｕｒａ,1 987) .Ｔｈｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄｆａｔｅｏｆａｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｒｉｖｅｒ ｂｏｒｎｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｏａｎｅｓｔｕａｒｙｉｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｔｏａｌａｒｇｅｅｘｔｅｎｔｂｙｔｈｅｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｐ…     

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY ENVIRONMENT

Analysis of material from three 55- cm long cores collected with box corer m summer of 1988 in the Changjiang Estuary region yielded data on the sedimentation rate, granulometric composition and contents of carbonates, organic matter, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb there. Subsequent study of the data led to the conclusion that there is no obvious pollution in the region based on the absolute value of the content of heavy metals, but the region is in potential danger of being polluted as seen by the obvious increase of sedimentation flux of heavy metals to and the enrichment of them on the surface sediment during the last several years, e.g. Pb increased by 10-20μg/g, Zn by about 30μg/g, Cu by 5-10μg/g and Mn by 150μg/g.A ferromanganese redox interface was found at about 40 cm depth of sediments where Fe and Mn and associated trace metals are enriched. The trace metals such as Zn, Cu have (but Pb does not) the same source, forms, displacement mechanism and geochemical behaviours as those of Fe and Mn in t     

Sea flux of trace metals in Saanich Inlet

The sea fluxes of trace metals, POC, and settled material were studied in anoxic seawater, Saanich Inlet, B. C., Canada with sediment traps. This paper discusses the change of mass fluxes of sediment, trace metals and POC for various seasons and depths. The annual mean of settled material is 1.56 g.m⁻².a⁻¹, 84.6 mg. m⁻².a⁻¹ for POC, 60.0 mg. m⁻².a⁻¹ for Cu, 16.5 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Pb, 189 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Zn, 2.20 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Cd, 699 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Fe, 38.8 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Co, and 84.6 mg.m⁻².a⁻¹ for Ni. The relations between the average fluxes of trace metals and POC, the fluxes of trace metals and settled matter, and the sea fluxes of trace metals and Fe are in linear progression. The resident times of elements as calculated from sea flux, are 1.1 a. for Cu, 0.014 a. for Pb, 0.50 a. for Zn, 3.8 a. for Cd, 0.16 a. for Fe, 0.39 a. for Co, and 1.14 a. for Ni. The order of resident times is as follows: Pb−Fe−Co−Zn−Cu−Ni−Cd. The metal resident times in Saanich Inlet are shorter than the values estimated for the open ocean. It illustrates that the biochemical processes in shallow Saanich Inlet are faster than those in the open ocean, and that debries of plankton and fecal pellets of zooplankton play an important role in vertical transport of organic carbons. Contribution No. 1650 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Application of ICP-AES with microwave digestion to detect trace elements in oysters from Jiaozhou Bay, China

Using ICP-AES with microwave digestion, we determined the concentrations of 16 trace elements in oysters from six sampling points in Jiaozhou Bay.The distributions of the wholesome elements Zn, Fe and Mn, and heavy metals such as As,Cd,Hg and Pb were studied.The oysters collected are all rich in the wholesome trace elements,and the oysters from Licun River have the highest concentrations of the three wholesome trace elements.The concentrations of heavy metals in oysters from Licun River are the highest and those from Hongdao are the lowest. Compared with the domestic and foreign sea-areas,the heavy metal contents in the oysters from Jiaozhou Bay are less in amount than those from some developed countries, and more than those in Southeast China.This implies that the Jiaozhou Bay’s oysters have been polluted by the environment to some extent.