Numerical Prediction of Vortex-Induced Vibrations on Top Tensioned Riser in Consideration of Internal Flow

In consideration of the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of top tensioned riser (TTR), the differential equation is derived based on work-energy principles and the riser near wake dynamics is modeled by Facchinetti''s wake oscillator model.Then Galerkin''s finite element approximation is implemented to derive the nonlinear matrix equation of the coupled equations and the corresponding numerical programs are compiled which solve the coupled equations directly in the timedomain. The comparison of the predicted results with the recent experimental results and the prediction of SHEAR7is performed. The results show the validity of the proposed method on the prediction of VIV of deep water risers.The effect of internal flow on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the riser is analyzed and severalvaluable conclusions are drawn.     

Analysis and prediction of vortex-induced vibrations of variable-tension vertical risers in linearly sheared currents

Many studies have tackled the problem of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of a vertical riser with a constant tension and placed in uniform currents. In this study, attention is focused on the cross-flow VIV modelling, time-domain analysis and prediction of variable-tension vertical risers in linearly sheared currents. The partial-differential equation governing the riser transverse motion is based on a flexural tensioned-beam model with typical pinned-pinned supports. The hydrodynamic excitation model describing the modulation of lift force is based on a distributed van der Pol wake oscillator whose nonlinear equation is also partial-differential due to the implementation of a diffusion term. The variation of empirical wake coefficients with system parameters and the water depth-dependent Reynolds number is introduced. Based on the assumed Fourier mode shape functions obtained by accounting for the effect of non-uniform tension, the Galerkin technique is utilized to construct a low-dimensional multi-mode model governing the coupled fluid-riser interaction system due to VIV. Numerical simulations in the case of varying sheared flow profiles are carried out to systematically evaluate riser nonlinear dynamics and highlight the influence of fluid-structure parameters along with associated VIV aspects. In particular, the effects of shear and tensioned-beam (tension versus bending) parameters are underlined. Some comparisons with published experimental results and observations are qualitatively and quantitatively discussed. Overall parametric analysis and prediction results may be worthwhile for being a new benchmark against future experimental testing and/or numerical results predicted by an alternative model and methodology.     

High aspect ratio (L/D) riser VIV prediction using wake oscillator model

A two-dimensional (2-D) vortex-induced vibration (VIV) prediction model for high aspect ratio (L/D) riser subjected to uniform and sheared flow is studied in this paper. The nonlinear structure equations are considered. The near wake dynamics describing the fluctuating nature of vortex shedding is modeled using classical van der Pol equation. A new approach was applied to calibrate the empirical parameters in the wake oscillator model. Compared the predicted results with the experimental data and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results. Good agreements are observed. It can be concluded that the present model can be used as simple computational tool in predicting some aspects of VIV of long flexible structures.     

海洋立管复模态动力特性分析

考虑阻尼的影响,研究海洋立管的动力特性。通过分析管内流体及管外海洋环境荷载的共同作用,建立海洋立管涡激振动偏微分方程,进而得到立管动力特性方程,用复模态分析法求解动力特性方程得到立管考虑阻尼的自振频率。算例计算表明:考虑阻尼的立管自振频率略小于不考虑阻尼的立管自振频率;立管的自振频率随着内流流速的增加而减小,但内流流速不大时,影响较小;管道长度对立管的自振频率影响较大。     

Analytical solution of mean top tension of long flexible riser in modeling vortex-induced vibrations

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of flexible long riser with combined in-line and cross-flow motion has been studied using a wake oscillator in this paper. The analytical solution of mean top tension of long flexible riser is evaluated and compared with experimental results, and good agreement is observed to verify its validity. Then the nonlinear coupled dynamics of the in-line and cross-flow VIV of a long tension-dominated riser were analyzed through wake oscillator model with the consideration of variation of the mean top tension. The in-line and cross-flow resonant frequencies, lift and drag coefficients, dominant mode numbers, amplitudes and instantaneous deflections are reported and compared with experimental results, and excellent agreements are observed. The comparison of mode numbers between the calculation with and without consideration of variation of mean top tension shows that the proposed analytical solution of the mean top tension can produce a better prediction of multi-mode VIV.     

驳船横荡运动下海洋立管的动力响应

海洋浮式生产系统下立管的受力情况复杂,国内的研究大多集中于两端固支或简支的情况。本文则以水面驳船的横荡运动作为立管上端的动力边界条件,将Matteo Luca Facchinetti的尾流振子模型与考虑外流涡激振动作用下海洋立管运动微分方程相结合,得到管道与流体的耦合振动方程,用Hermit插值函数将方程进行有限元离散,并用Newmark时程分析法及迭代法求解,得到管道各点的位移时程曲线。结果表明:立管的振动频率主要由上端驳船的运动频率所确定,随着驳船运动频率的增加,立管中点的位移幅值先增加后减小;在有动边界存在的条件下,改变外流流速对立管中点的位移幅值影响不大。     

均匀来流下尾翼型抑振装置效果试验研究

基于控制尾流,阻止立管尾流漩涡脱落转换路径的涡激振动抑制机理,设计三角形尾翼、片状尾翼及交错尾翼等三种抑振装置。三种抑振装置分别安装于立管模型表面,立管模型采用外径为18 mm的透明有机玻璃管。通过在均匀流场中进行安装有该抑振装置的立管模型涡激振动试验,研究三种抑振装置对立管涡激振动的抑制效率,并通过与配重裸管的涡激振动数据对比,分析抑振装置对立管动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明,三种抑振装置均取得了明显的抑振效果,与配重裸管相比,安装片状尾翼及交错尾翼的立管模型抑制效率可达90%以上,安装三角形尾翼后立管模型振动频率略有减小,而安装片状尾翼及交错尾翼的立管模型没有明显的主导频率。     

Nonplanar multi-modal vibrations of fluid-conveying risers under shear cross flows

Risers/pipes conveying fluid are a typical kind of slender structures commonly used in marine engineering. It is of great academic significance and application value for us to evaluate and understand the vibration characteristics and nonlinear responses of these risers under the combined action of internal and external fluid flows. In this paper, the nonplanar vibrations and multi-modal responses of pinned-pinned risers in shear cross flow are numerically studied. With this objective in mind, the van der Pol wake oscillators are used to simulate the dynamical behavior of the vortex shedding in the wake. Two nonlinear equations of motion of the riser are proposed to govern the lateral responses of the riser structure. The nonplanar nonlinear equations for the riser and wake are then discretized by employing Galerkin's method and solved by using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration algorithm. Theoretical results show that the coupled frequencies for cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) motions and the corresponding coupled damping ratio could be influenced by the external and/or internal fluid velocities. Based on extensive calculations, the dynamical behavior of the riser with various internal and external flow velocities are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams, time traces, phase portraits, oscillation trajectories and response spectrum curves. It is shown that some interesting dynamical phenomena, such as ‘lock-in’ state, ‘figure-of-eight’ trajectory and quasi-periodic oscillation, could occur in such a fluid-structure interaction system. Our results also demonstrate that the shear parameter can significantly affect the dynamic responses of the riser. When the shear parameter of the cross flow is large, multi-modal quasi-periodic responses of the riser can be excited, showing some new features undetected in the system of fluid-conveying risers in uniform cross flow.     

海洋立管抑振装置优化布置的实验研究

设计1种梯形截面的三螺旋导板抑振装置,在实验室大型水槽进行海洋立管涡激振动实验.通过改变这种抑振装置的覆盖方式和覆盖范围,研究梯形截面螺旋导板的不同覆盖方式和覆盖范围对抑制海洋立管涡激振动的作用.实验时用动态电阻应变仪采集立管模型横向和顺流向的动态响应数据,并利用雨流计数法对模型进行疲劳分析.实验结果表明:在外流流速相同的条件下,三螺旋导板各种覆盖方案对涡激振动都有抑制作用;随着螺旋导板覆盖率的增加,立管的振动减弱,疲劳寿命增加;覆盖螺旋导板的立管顺流向振动频率明显降低,横向振动频率当覆盖率较高时有所降低,覆盖率较低时基本没有变化.     

Study on Pure IL VIV of A Free Spanning Pipeline Under General Boundary Conditions

Pipeline spans may occur due to natural seabed irregularities or local scour of bed sediment. The pure in-line (IL) vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) analysis of the free spans is an important subject for design of pipeline in uneven seabed. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of pure IL VIV of a free spanning pipeline under general boundary conditions. An IL wake oscillator model which can describe the coupling of pipeline structure and fluctuating drag is introduced and employed. The coupled partial differential equations of structure and wake are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using two-mode Galerkin method. Some case studies are presented and thoroughly discussed in order to investigate the effects of internal fluid, axial force and boundary conditions on the pure IL VIV.     

大长细比柔性杆件涡激振动实验

涡激振动(vortex-induced vibration,VIV)是导致深海细长柔性立管发生疲劳破坏的重要因素。采用实验观测手段研究了长细比为1 750的柔性立管多模态涡激振动特性。实验中,通过采用拖车拖拉立管模型在水池中匀速行进来模拟均匀流作用下的涡激振动响应。利用光纤光栅传感器测量立管模型在横流向(cross-flow,CF)和顺流向(in-line,IL)的应变,进而通过模态分解的方法,获得立管模型涡激振动的位移。在此基础上,研究了CF以及IL方向的响应频率、位移标准差的平均值和最大值等随流速的变化规律,并分析了立管模型上测点的运动轨迹及其影响因素。     

Experimental Investigation on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Steel Catenary Riser

Steel catenary riser (SCR) is the transmission device between the seabed and the floating production facilities. As developments move into deeper water, the fatigue life of the riser can become critical to the whole production system, especially due to the vortex-induced vibration (VIV), which is the key factor to operational longevity. As a result, experimental investigation about VIV of the riser was performed in a large plane pool which is 60 m long, 36 m wide and 6.5 m deep. Experiments were developed to study the influence of current speed and seabed on VIV of SCR. The results show that amplitudes of strain and response frequencies increase with the current speed both in cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL). When the current speed is high, multi-mode response is observed in the VIV motion. The amplitudes of strain in IL direction are not much smaller than those in CF direction. The seabed has influence on the response frequencies of riser and the positions of damage for riser.     

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.     

多跨海底管道横流向涡激振动预报模型

基于欧拉-伯努力梁理论确定了多跨管道结构振动方程,采用非线性Van der pol方程描述旋涡脱落的尾流动力特性,利用弹簧模拟两端和中间的复杂边界约束,构建了多跨海底管道横流向涡激振动预报模型。基于模态正交性展开流-固耦合作用方程,对各阶主坐标响应进行数值求解。对比了本模型预报结果与试验结果、软件分析以及DNV规范推荐值,吻合情况比较理想。本模型可为深海多跨管道涡激振动的研究、防范和治理提供有效的分析方法。     

Effect of upward internal flow on dynamics of riser model subject to shear current

Numerical study about vortex-induced vibration(VIV) related to a flexible riser model in consideration of internal flow progressing inside has been performed.The main objective of this work is to investigate the coupled fluid-structure interaction(FSI) taking place between tensioned riser model,external shear current and upward-progressing internal flow(from ocean bottom to surface).A CAE technology behind the current research which combines structural software with the CFD technology has been proposed.According to the result from dynamic analysis,it has been found that the existence of upward-progressing internal flow does play an important role in determining the vibration mode(/dominant frequency),vibration intensity and the magnitude of instantaneous vibration amplitude,when the velocity ratio of internal flow against external current is relatively high.As a rule,the larger the velocity of internal flow is,the more it contributes to the dynamic vibration response of the flexible riser model.In addition,multi-modal vibration phenomenon has been widely observed,for asymmetric curvature along the riser span emerges in the case of external shear current being imposed.     

An Experimental Study on Dynamics Features of Three Side-by-Side Flexible Risers Undergoing Vortex-Induced Vibrations in A Uniform Flow

A vortex-induced vibration(VIV) experiment on three side-by-side risers subjected to a uniform flow was carried out in a combined wave-current flume. The dynamic features of interference effect on three side-by-side risers were investigated by varying fluid velocity and inter-riser spacing. The distributions of dimensionless displacement,dominant frequency, and displacement trajectory of the model risers were measured using mode decomposition and wavelet transform techniques. The coupled interference of inter-riser fluid to adjacent risers at different spacings was disclosed by introducing the "interference ratio" concept. The results show that at spacings smaller than 6.0 D, the three model risers display appreciable deviations in their displacement responses in cross-flow or in-line direction,attributable to the strong proximity disturbance and wake interference between the risers. When the spacing is increased to 8.0 D, wake interference still makes great difference to the dynamic response of the risers in both directions. As reduced velocity increases, the three risers show higher agreement with an isolated riser in overall dominant vibration frequency in CF direction than that in IL direction at all spacings and the side risers, although symmetrically placed, do not vibrate symmetrically, as a result of the steady deflection of clearance flow within the riser group. Interference effect results in a remarkable unsteady mode competition within the risers; quantitation of the interference levels for the three risers at different spacings with interference ratio revealed that under low flow velocities and large spacing ratios, clearance flow constitutes a non-neglectable interferer for three side-by-side risers.     

考虑温度应力下深海输油立管动力特性及响应研究

考虑深海输油立管管内外温差产生的温度应力以及管内流体流动和管外海洋环境荷载的共同作用,建立了深海输油立管振动微分方程,采用有限元法对输油立管动力特性及动力响应进行求解,并将考虑温度应力及不考虑温度应力的立管动力特性及在波浪作用下的立管动力响应进行了对比。结果表明,对于动力特性,温度应力的存在会使得立管自振频率降低;对于动力响应,会使得波浪作用下动力响应幅值增强而频率略有降低,易引起立管的疲劳破坏。     

非均匀流中立管涡激振动模型预测分析

文中分析了非均匀流中,张紧式海洋立管的涡激振动,采用新的加速度耦合尾流振子模型作为预测细长海洋工程柔性结构的计算工具,将预测结果中的横向位移包络线及最大幅值与实验观测值、shear7软件计算值进行了对比,可以发现模型的计算结果与实验观测结果吻合得很好.     

内孤立波作用下顶部张紧式立管动力特性

基于内孤立波mKdV理论,采用考虑内流的细长杆动力学方程,结合改进的Morison公式,研究两层流体中内孤立波与顶张立管的相互作用问题。针对东沙群岛南部海域附近某实测内孤立波特征参数,计算分析在该内孤立波作用下某顶张立管的内孤立波载荷与运动响应,以及立管横截面弯矩及其应力的变化特性。研究表明,内孤立波不仅会对顶张立管产生突发性的冲击载荷以及大幅度水平变形,而且还会使其横截面弯矩及其应力显著增大。因此在深海立管的设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。     

基于能量竞争载荷模型的海洋立管双向涡激振动时域预报方法研究

海洋立管是深海油气开发中用于连接海底井口和水面浮体的唯一通道。立管在洋流作用下极易发生涡激振动（vortex-induced vibration,简称VIV）,发展快速经验性涡激振动时域预报方法对立管的安全设计具有重要意义。通过柔性立管模型试验,结合载荷重构方法和最小二乘法,识别建立了能量竞争载荷模型下的经验水动力载荷系数模型。应用识别建立的经验水动力载荷系数模型,发展形成了海洋立管顺流向及横流向双向涡激振动时域预报方法。将预报结果与试验结果对比,结果表明：基于能量竞争载荷模型的海洋立管双向涡激振动预报方法能够有效预报海洋立管涡激振动主导模态、主导频率、流向平均位移响应和涡激振动位移响应等力学行为特性。研究成果对发展更为有效的涡激振动预报手段具有有益参考。