Hiibert-Huang transform and wavelet analysis of time history signal

The brief theories of wavelet analysis and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) are introduced firstly in the present paper. Then several signal data were analyzed by using wavelet and HHT methods, respectively. The comparison shows that HHT is not only an effective method for analyzing non-stationary data, but also is a useful tool for examining detailed characters of time history signal.     

Stability and permanent displacements analysis of wasteland during earthquakes

IntroductionStability of municipal solid waste (MSW) was not a major concern early because waste instability was considered as an operational problem that can be remedied by replacing the waste in its original position. However, with the introduction of liners and leachate collection and removal systems (LCRS), the integrity of the liner and LCRS may be concerned. Instability or displacement of a wasteland may result in failure of above system and contamination of groundwater or surface wa…     

Quadrant characteristics of earthquake precursors and its theoretical analysis

IntroductionMigration and inhomogeneity are important two of the characteristics in the temporal-spatial distribution of earthquake precursors, which have been dealt with by MEI, et al (1993) comprehensively with their proposed explanation. The obvious quadrant feature in spatial distribution of earthquake precursors has been drawn with the explanation for its mechanism developed in some case studies in recent years. This paper deals mainly with the quadrant features derived from the analysis…     

Primary component analysis method and reduction of seismicity parameters

Introduction Data mining (SHAO and YU, 2003) is a new kind of technique developed with database and artificial intelligence in recent years, which processes the data in the database to abstract the im- plied and pre-unknown, but potentially useful information and knowledge from large amounts of incomplete, noisy, blurring and stochastic data. For data mining, data purging is an important link beforehand that includes eliminating noise, making up lost domain, and deleting ineffective data, as…     

Mechanical analysis of en echelon structure and its significance of controlling earthquakes

ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｅｃｈｅｌｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｔｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓＸｉｎ－ＳｈｅｎｇＸＩＥ（谢新生）ａｎｄＸｉａｏ－ＰｉｎｇＲＵＡＮ（阮小平）（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔ...     

Calculation and analysis of correlation curves between Lanzhou Seismic Array sites and assessment of primary array

Introduction After the field survey for the building of Lanzhou Seismic Array, Dajian Mountain that is lo-cated 18 km on the southwest of Lanzhou Seismic Station was chosen as the array address among the several eligible areas. Lanzhou Array address is situated on the Wusu Mountain range with the stable base rocks, and no large active faults are found nearby. During the site survey, we made a 18-day field observation at Dajian Mountain array address in Lanzhou by using a set of FBS-3A b…     

Polynomial analysis of canopy spectra and biochemical component content inversion

Vegetation is an important component of the eco-system, and to estimate accurately the biochemical component content is very helpful to understanding the ecosystem functions at different scales. While the method to retrieve biochemical component content using leaf scale spectral measurements is applicable, to retrieve biochemical component content from can-opy spectra is still a challenging problem. Because canopy spectra are the combined results of leaf bio-chemical component content, soil ba…     

Detrended fluctuation analysis and entropy-complexity causality analysis of temperatures in an urbanized mountain stream

We present the results of applying detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to study correlations in mountain stream temperatures over a 9-year period for impacted and unimpacted conditions. Permutation entropy and complexity are also computed for stream temperature time series at various locations characterized by varying degrees of human impact, and a graphical representation of the “complexity-entropy causality plane” is used to examine the degree of disturbance caused by human activities. Urban development such as canopy removal and urban infrastructure can lead to a higher degree of anti-persistent correlations indicated by lower values of DFA exponents. This effect is more pronounced downstream due to cumulative urbanization effects with downstream distance. Seasonal variations also influence stream temperature dynamics: less anti-persistent behavior is observed in winter months, and stronger anti-persistent correlations during summer. The position in the complexity-entropy plane, reflecting distribution of short term temperature patterns, is also affected, where most sites experience a shift towards higher entropy values after restoration, and only for one site entropy is reduced. Our results indicate the important role urbanization plays on stream evolution greatly influenced by human activities. This information may provide valuable insights for watershed management and water resources management.     

Comparison and analysis of the stress field in the source region of Tangshan and Lancang earthquake sequences

ＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＴａｎｇｓｈａｎａｎｄＬａｎｃａｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓＧｕｉ－ＬｉｎｇＤＩＡＯ；（刁桂苓）Ｌｉ－ＭｉｎＹＵ；（于利民）...     

Detectability and reliability analysis of the local seismic network in Pakistan

The detectability and reliability analysis for the local seismic network is performed employing by Bungum and Husebye technique.The events were relocated using standard computer codes for hypocentral locations.The de-tectability levels are estimated from the twenty-five years of recorded data in terms of 50%,90%and 100% cumu-lative detectability threshokls,which were derived from frequency-magnitude distribution.From this analysis the 100%level of detectability of the network is ML=1.7 for events which occur within the network.The accuracy in hypocentral solutions of the network is investigated by considering the fixed real hypocenter within the network.The epicentral errors are found to be less than 4km then the events occur within the network.Finally.the prob-lems faced during continuous operation of the local network,which effects its detectability,are discussed.     

The study and analysis of floating datum selection for rugged terrain

We analyze the characteristics of different floating datums for static corrections and discuss the methods for determining them. The effect of different floating datum corrections was studied using theoretical model experiments, resulting in the conclusion that the velocity obtained after the floating datum correction with the minimum static correction errors depends on the velocity of the layer below the low velocity layer （LVL） lower boundary and is not related to topographic relief and LVL structure. For the real data processing case, wave equation numerical model experiments were conducted which resulted in a new method for calculating objective functions based on the waveform and modifications to the calculation equation for minimum static correction errors to make the method suitable for real data static correction processing using inhomogeneous velocity models with lower velocity boundary relief. Real data processing results demonstrate the method＇s superiority.     

Compositions of heavy minerals in Northeastern China sandlands and provenance analysis

Sand samples deposited since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from the Hulun Buir, Horqin and Otin-dag sandlands were measured for their assemblages of heavy minerals and chemical compositions of detrital garnets and tourmalines. Heavy mineral assemblages of these three sandlands consist mainly of garnet, ilmenite, epidote and minor amphibole and magnetite. Garnets consist mainly of high Mg type-A ones (58% on average), and minor type-B ones. Toumalines are mainly composed of Mg-rich and minor Fe-rich ones. Compared with those of central-southern Mongolia and central Tarim, these three sandlands are derived from the Phanerozoic rocks of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Archean and Paleoprotorozoic basement rocks of the North China Craton. Our results provide direct evidence that the present-day sands may be reworked from LGM ones. Differences of heavy mineral composi-tions occur between the samples of the three sandlands and Taklimakan Desert, indicating that the material of the western arid regions contributes little to the eastern sandlands.     

Discovery and analysis of ultra-micro grinding grain texture in slipping lamellae of ductile-brittle zone

In the 1990s of the 20th century, we participated in the research of the stress field in fissure tectonics of scientific deep bore cores for the Deep Observation and Sampling of the Earths Continental Crust (DOSECC for short). Spherical and enriched ul-tra-micro granular textures (nm size), which enriches Nb element (Wang & Sun, 1990; Sun & Wang, 1993)[1,2], were found during the observation of ul-tra-micro slipping lamellae of ductile and brittle oc-curring in Late Mesozoic granites us…     

High-precision modeling of tide-induced 3-D magnetic field and analysis of geomagnetic satellite orbit requirements

Ground-based magnetic observatories and geomagnetic satellites can observe the induced magnetic field generated by the motion of seawater containing sodium and chlorine ions.Calculating the three-dimensional (3-D) spatial distribution of tide-induced magnetic fields (TIMF) is crucial for inverting the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic lithosphere.It also serves as an essential basis for designing optimal geomagnetic observatories and satellite orbits.However,existing methods for s...     

Wavelet analysis and interpretation of gravity data in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region, located in the east margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetean) Plateau, is a transitional zone between the rapidly upheaving Tibetean Plateau and relatively steady Yangtze Platform. Under the pressure exerted by the northward movement of Indian Plate, Sichuan-Yunnan region has been undergone strong deformation and regmagenesis, becoming one of the regions with the most intensive seismicity in the world. The research on the tectonics and seismicity there is alw…     

Joint processing and analysis of seismic gravity measurements in Capital Circle area

In Capital Circle area, there are three groups of repeated gravity measurements observed by different institutes using different instruments or methods. The simultaneous adjustment of absolute and relative measurements and the elimination of systematic error among the relative measurements have been carded out in this paper. Thus an unified temporal gravity change system with absolute reference has been established. On the basis of this, the crustal subsidence effect on gravity, which belongs to non-tectonic factor, is analyzed and the station displacement corrections are carried out, so that the long-wave disturbance is eliminated. So far our following aims are realized： the advantages of the absolute and relative measurement methods are complementary to each other; the contradiction and environment disturbance are eliminated; the amounts of information are enlarged; the sampling interval of time domain is compressed. In a word, the ability of identifying the tectonic activity process is enhanced. The results show that： there are systematic errors between the two groups of relative measurements and within the data of 10 campaigns ; the uneven local crustal subsidence in the southeast of the study area results in a linear rise of gravity value at 10 stations; they can be corrected by the regression analysis. The maps of revised temporal gravity change can obviously and integrally reflect the Ms=5.0 earthquake in Guye on October 6, 1995.     

Computation and analysis of the geomagnetic field model in China and its adjacent area for 2003

Based on the geomagnetic data at 135 stations and 35 observatories in China in 2003, the Taylor polynomial model and the spherical cap harmonic model in China and its adjacent area for 2003 were established. In the model calculation, the truncation order of the model and the influences of the boundary restriction on the model calculation were carefully analyzed. The results show that the geomagnetic data used are precise and reliable, and the selection of the truncation order is reasonable. The Taylor polynomial model and the spherical cap harmonic model in China and its adjacent area established in this paper are consistent very well.     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

Introduction The 1303 Hongtong earthquake is an important earthquake in the eastern China. There is a lot of information in historical documents about the earthquake and many traces destroyed by the earthquake in the southern Shanxi Province. Many scholars have studied the earthquake from dif-ferent aspects, but mainly limited the definitions of the isoseismal and three factors of the earth-quake. Owing to being limited by the analysis technique, many useful damage information of the earthqu…