三江并流区云南贡山片植被景观类型分布特征

以三江并流区云南贡山片为例,以Landsat ETM+影像为数据源,基于3S技术进行植被景观制图,分析景观类型的分布特征。结果表明:1.研究区是典型的高山峡谷地区,海拔3 000~4 000 m的区域占总面积近一半,坡度25°以上的山地面积占84.82%;景观类型分布受垂直空间分异主导;河流、河漫滩和湖泊等景观主要分布在平缓地段,自然植被景观多分布在25°~45°的陡坡上,人工植被景观分布的坡度范围相对较缓;自然植被景观在各坡向上的分布较为均匀;人工植被景观及积雪/冰川景观、岩石景观等分布则体现出一定的空间分异;2.山地森林植被构成研究区景观的基质类型;由于植被景观的垂直分异,构成基底的各类景观类型的优势度随海拔变化,河谷地段的中山湿性常绿阔叶林、中山-亚高山的铁杉-常绿阔叶混交林、亚高山-高山的云冷杉/落叶松林优势度较高,高山-亚高山以杜鹃灌丛为优势景观类型;3.从斑块粒度上看,小斑块数量最多,占总斑块数的80.87%,中斑块占11.36%,其余均在3%以下;优势自然景观类型具有较大的巨斑块数;巨斑块面积比例最大,达到68.99%,其余斑块大小等级的分布面积比例在3%~9%之间。     

基于典范对应分析的滨海滩涂围垦区景观格局与土壤盐渍化关系北大核心CSCDCSSCI

以江苏中部如东滩涂围垦区为研究区,利用典范对应分析探讨不同空间尺度景观格局对土壤盐渍化程度的影响和贡献度。结果表明:(1)研究区斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数、聚集度指数、散布与并列指数较高,说明景观破碎化程度较高,景观结构复杂,景观分布受人为干扰的程度较大。(2)土壤中Na+和Cl-分别占阳离子总量和阴离子总量的87.4%和90.1%,土壤盐渍化指标的变异系数为53.49%~129.03%,反映了土壤盐分的非均匀分布。(3)研究区景观格局指数在100 m和200 m缓冲区尺度分别能累积解释土壤盐渍化程度变化的66.6%和80.1%,土壤盐渍化程度与农建地和水浇地面积比例呈正相关关系,与旱地面积比例呈负相关关系。(4)景观水平上的土壤盐渍化程度与最大斑块指数、蔓延度指数呈正相关关系,与斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数、香农多样性指数呈负相关关系;斑块类型水平上,最大斑块面积指数、边缘密度、景观形状指数是影响研究区土壤盐渍化程度的共性指标。研究对于优化滩涂围垦区土地利用格局,降低土壤盐渍化程度具有重要意义。     

基于典范对应分析的滨海滩涂围垦区景观格局与土壤盐渍化关系

以江苏中部如东滩涂围垦区为研究区,利用典范对应分析探讨不同空间尺度景观格局对土壤盐渍化程度的影响和贡献度。结果表明:(1)研究区斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数、聚集度指数、散布与并列指数较高,说明景观破碎化程度较高,景观结构复杂,景观分布受人为干扰的程度较大。(2)土壤中Na+和Cl-分别占阳离子总量和阴离子总量的87.4%和90.1%,土壤盐渍化指标的变异系数为53.49%~129.03%,反映了土壤盐分的非均匀分布。(3)研究区景观格局指数在100 m和200 m缓冲区尺度分别能累积解释土壤盐渍化程度变化的66.6%和80.1%,土壤盐渍化程度与农建地和水浇地面积比例呈正相关关系,与旱地面积比例呈负相关关系。(4)景观水平上的土壤盐渍化程度与最大斑块指数、蔓延度指数呈正相关关系,与斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数、香农多样性指数呈负相关关系;斑块类型水平上,最大斑块面积指数、边缘密度、景观形状指数是影响研究区土壤盐渍化程度的共性指标。研究对于优化滩涂围垦区土地利用格局,降低土壤盐渍化程度具有重要意义。     

景观多样性的类型及其生态意义

本文讨论了景观多样性的概念和类型划分，提出了景观多样性包括斑块多样性、类型多样性和格局多样性，论述了景观多样性的生态意义。斑块的数量、大小和斑块形状、景观类型的性质、多少和比例以及景观类型的空间分布、斑块与斑块裼 空间关联性和功能联系性是景观多样性研究考察的主要要素。     

城市景观格局尺度效应的空间统计规律--以上海中心城区为例

以上海市外环以内的中心城区为区域背景,基于SPOT全色波段遥感影像数据和GIS技术,运用空间统计分析方法,研究城市景观格局的空间尺度效应。研究结果表明:(1)城市景观格局的空间自相关性具有显著的尺度依赖性。Moran指数I与Geary系数c对粒度变化的敏感点相同,均为50m。(2)城市景观形态具有分形特征,各类景观斑块的分维数对粒度变化的响应不同,它们随着粒度的变化呈非线性变化趋势;在粒度较小时,各类景观斑块之间的分维数差异较大,而随着粒度的增大,其分维数之间的差异逐渐缩小。(3)城市景观多样性格局,与空间区位及人类活动的空间格局息息相关。在城市中心,主导型景观是经济效益较高的商业文化景观,并且景观斑块聚集度、破碎度大;经济效益较低的农业景观分布在城市边缘区,而且景观类型单一,斑块面积较大,破碎度较小;在由城市中心向边缘过渡的中间地带,景观类型多样,空间格局复杂。(4)景观多样性具有尺度依赖性。随着幅度的增加,景观多样性指数逐渐增大,多样性的空间格局也显著变化。在0.5km幅度下,多样性指数的最大值出现在市中心,从市中心向外呈现高低起伏的环状模式扩展,随着幅度增加,多样性指数的高值区向景观类型变化最剧烈的城乡过渡地带转移。(5)景观多样性的空间变异也具有明显的尺度依赖性。在较     

土地利用景观格局空间尺度效应研究——以武汉市为例

城市土地利用景观格局研究对城市规划设计和土地资源管理具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,而研究尺度的选择是其必不可少的部分。本文基于景观生态学方法,以武汉市为研究区域,选取聚集分散指数、斑块类型指数、形状指数三种类型指数对土地利用景观格局进行分析,同时引入层次分析法,研究武汉市土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应及其响应特征,结果表明武汉市土地利用景观格局具有明显的空间尺度效应,随着空间尺度的增大,景观破碎程度增大,景观分布越来越分散,景观异质性减小,斑块之间连接度越来越弱。在此基础上,建立最佳尺度选择模型,并基于分型理论对最佳尺度的合理性进行验证,最终得出武汉市土地利用景观格局研究的最佳空间尺度为60 m。     

土地利用景观格局空间尺度效应研究

城市土地利用景观格局研究对城市规划设计和土地资源管理具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,而研究尺度的选择是其必不可少的部分。本文基于景观生态学方法,以武汉市为研究区域,选取聚集分散指数、斑块类型指数、形状指数三种类型指数对土地利用景观格局进行分析,同时引入层次分析法,研究武汉市土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应及其响应特征,结果表明武汉市土地利用景观格局具有明显的空间尺度效应,随着空间尺度的增大,景观破碎程度增大,景观分布越来越分散,景观异质性减小,斑块之间连接度越来越弱。在此基础上,建立最佳尺度选择模型,并基于分型理论对最佳尺度的合理性进行验证,最终得出武汉市土地利用景观格局研究的最佳空间尺度为60 m。     

中缅泰老“黄金四角”地区缅甸段土地利用与景观格局变化分析北大核心CSSCI

以中缅泰老"黄金四角"地区缅甸段为例,通过构建土地利用重心测度、动态变化及景观指数等模型,对其1993年~2017年的土地利用与景观格局变化状况进行探究,得出以下结论:(1)随时间演进,研究区林地显著扩展而草地、耕地、灌丛及水体等均大幅减少,建筑用地虽扩展显著但比重始终较小;各土地利用类型的空间分布重心及其转移变化差异显著,24年间,建筑用地、耕地、草地、水体及湿地重心均整体向东北方向偏移而林地与灌丛重心偏向西南。(2)研究区土地利用变化速度整体较快但小幅放缓,土地利用空间变化剧烈的区域主要集中在林地、草地及耕地等用地类型上;随时间演进,各用地类型均发生了较明显的相互转化,其中以林地、草地、耕地及灌丛的间转化最为显著。(3)从斑块类型尺度来看,研究区不同用地斑块间的景观指数及其变动差异悬殊,整体而言,灌丛、草地及耕地的斑块密度明显较高但形状规整程度显著较低,而林地的平均斑块面积远大于其余地类。(4)从景观总体尺度来看,研究区景观的多样性与均匀度指数均持续降低而破碎度指数整体减小,各用地景观面积差异持续扩大且空间分布的均匀程度不断降低,整体呈由分散分布向集中布局的转变。     

基于景观格局定量分析的流域治理--以文峪河流域为例

以航片、森林资源调查资料和林相图为基础资料,在地理信息系统软件及数据库管理系统的支持下,应用景观多样性指数、景观要素优势度指数、类斑形状指数、景观要素斑块分数维等景观格局分析指标,对流域景观空间总体分布、景观组成结构、景观要素斑块形状特征进行分析,揭示了山西文峪河流域植被景观的总体格局。基于分析成果,针对目前文峪河流域植被景观格局存在的问题,建议在今后的流域管理和建设中应开展的工作,即上游及中高海拔带重点进行寒温性针叶林保护;中下游山地积极增加阔叶林,营造混交林;河谷重点开展河岸植被和河岸林规划设计和建设。     

中缅泰老“黄金四角”地区缅甸段土地利用与景观格局变化分析

以中缅泰老"黄金四角"地区缅甸段为例,通过构建土地利用重心测度、动态变化及景观指数等模型,对其1993年~2017年的土地利用与景观格局变化状况进行探究,得出以下结论:(1)随时间演进,研究区林地显著扩展而草地、耕地、灌丛及水体等均大幅减少,建筑用地虽扩展显著但比重始终较小;各土地利用类型的空间分布重心及其转移变化差异显著,24年间,建筑用地、耕地、草地、水体及湿地重心均整体向东北方向偏移而林地与灌丛重心偏向西南。(2)研究区土地利用变化速度整体较快但小幅放缓,土地利用空间变化剧烈的区域主要集中在林地、草地及耕地等用地类型上;随时间演进,各用地类型均发生了较明显的相互转化,其中以林地、草地、耕地及灌丛的间转化最为显著。(3)从斑块类型尺度来看,研究区不同用地斑块间的景观指数及其变动差异悬殊,整体而言,灌丛、草地及耕地的斑块密度明显较高但形状规整程度显著较低,而林地的平均斑块面积远大于其余地类。(4)从景观总体尺度来看,研究区景观的多样性与均匀度指数均持续降低而破碎度指数整体减小,各用地景观面积差异持续扩大且空间分布的均匀程度不断降低,整体呈由分散分布向集中布局的转变。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.