长石—造岩矿物中最常见的宝石矿物

长石是一族矿物的名称,从组分说有四种:钾长石、钠长石、钙长石、和钡长石。长石族有三个亚族:钾钠长石亚族,又名正长石亚族,由于阳离子是K、Na故又名碱性长石亚族,斜长石亚族和钡长石亚族。钾长石与钠长石,高温时可以形成完全类质同象,低温是不完全类质同象,它们的类质同象称碱性长石系列;钠长石和钙长石也可以形成类质同象,称斜长石系列,通常仍不正确     

桐庐和相山两类酸性火山—侵入杂岩中长石的对比研究

桐庐和相山杂岩体分别属于同熔型和陆壳重熔型火山－侵入杂岩系列,通过对这两个系列中的斜长石及碱性长石进行了对比研究。桐庐杂岩体中存在两种斜长石及两种碱性长石,而相山杂岩体中只有一种斜长石及一种碱性长石。桐庐杂岩体中的两种斜长石,一种为环带构造发育、中心绢云母化较强的斜长石,其中心成分有的已达培长石,而边缘主要为更长石,另一种为环带构造不发育的斜长石,其成分变化较小,主要为中长石;而两种碱性长石中一种为无色透明的透长石,其内部均匀分布有规则的出溶微结构,另一种为微红色的正长石,基本上看不到出溶结构,这两种碱性长石结构不同但成分基本相似。笔者认为桐庐杂岩体中存在的两种斜长石及两种碱性长石反映了岩浆的不平衡结晶作用,这种不平衡主要是岩浆上升过程中带状岩浆房的扰动引起的;而相山杂岩体中的长石反映了一种近平衡结晶的岩浆环境     

富碱岩长石结构态及其地质意义

采用X射线衍射法研究了16个碱性岩和碱性花岗岩体长石的结构态,获得了122个数据,并对样品进行探针或化学分析。这些富碱岩都以碱性长石为主,有单斜、三斜钾长石,以及由它们和钠长石组成的条纹长石。钾长石分属各种结构态,钠长石有中、低钠长石,钾、钠长石在一些岩体中体现了由高→低结构态有序化演化进程。长右结构态与矿物温度计所获得的资料得到了很好的对照,表明了长石Si/Al有序程度主要受结晶温度的影响。     

湘南多金属矿集区燕山期成矿花岗岩的造岩矿物特征及其成因意义

湘南地区燕山期成矿花岗岩有3种类型,其主要造岩矿物化学成分和种属明显不同;矿物的化学成分变异特征均显示出壳幔岩浆混合成因的特点：①角闪石均属于钙质角闪石亚类。②MC型早期次花岗岩中的黑云母多属镁质黑云母;CM型晚期次花岗岩中的黑云母主要为铁质黑云母;C型花岗岩中的黑云母主要为铁叶云母-铁黑云母,且多为铁锂黑云母。3类型花岗岩中黑云母的成分变异呈线型关系,暗示有成因联系。③3类型花岗岩中斜长石有明显区别,MC型多为中长石,CM的多为更长石,C型多为钠长石。斜长石环带构造发育程度不同,CM型早期次单元花岗岩中的斜长石环带最发育。④CM型花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体中的碱性长石主要属于相对富钾的正长石,包体中的个别属歪长石,表明其形成温度较高;C型花岗岩中碱性长石为相对贫钾的钠正长石及微斜长石。⑤造岩矿物特征和成分变异显示了成矿花岗岩的形成与壳幔岩浆混合作用有关,形成MC型和CM型早期次单元花岗岩的岩浆演化主要是岩浆混合作用,而CM型花岗岩晚期次的花岗岩类和C型花岗岩类的岩浆演化可能还存在分离结晶作用。     

桐庐杂岩体中共存的两种碱性长石研究

桐庐同熔型火山－侵入杂岩中出现两种碱性长石，一种为无色透明，另一种为微红色，本文利用X射线衍射仪，电子探针，透射电镜对其结构态，成分及出溶微结构进行了对比研究。结果表明，两者成分差别不大，而结构差别较大，无色透明的为透长石，出溶叶片发育；微红色的为正长石或低透长石，出溶结构不发育。而且随着冷却速率的变慢，无色透明碱性长石的Al/Si有序度增大，微红色碱性长石的有序度降低，分析后认为这种共存现象是岩浆混和造成的，从而为桐庐杂岩体的岩浆混合成因提供了有力的证据。     

丹东地区花岗岩类岩石中碱性长石斑晶成因初探

丹东地区两套中生代花岗岩系中许多岩体都含碱性长石斑晶。这些斑晶具有许多相似的性质,它们呈自形晶,粒度大,具卡氏双晶。其中斜长石、黑云母等包裹体平行斑晶的生长面而呈环状排列。通常核部附近的包裹物为斜长石,而石英反被包裹在斑晶的边缘。斑晶中Ab、An和钡的含量也较基质碱性长石高。由二长石温度计计算的斑晶生成温度为700℃左右。X—光衍射数据表明,斑晶主要为中间微外长石,少量为正长石和微斜长石,这些都说明了斑晶乃岩浆结晶产物。根据实验资料,还讨论了斑晶的结晶过程,并认为斑晶的晶出反映了岩浆高水压力的特点。     

内蒙古正镶白旗碎斑熔岩长石特征及其岩石学意义

正镶白旗碎斑熔岩是一种特殊成因的火山岩,是岩浆沿火山通道侵出地表的产物。碎斑熔岩中钾长石主要为低透长石、高正长石、中正长石和中正微长石;斜长石则以更长石为主,其有序度低,指示了岩石高温火山成因的特征。从岩体边缘相到中心相至根部相,长石类型、化学成分和有序度具有一定的变化规律,反映了岩体不同岩相带成岩条件的差异性。     

国际地质学会推荐的深成岩野外分类法

矿物和矿物组 Q—石英;A—碱性长石(正长石、微斜长石、条纹长石、歪长石、钠长石An00～06);P—斜长石;An06～100、方柱石;F—似长石或似长石类(白榴石和假白榴石、霞石、方钠石、黝方石、兰方石、钙霞石、方沸石等);M—镁铁质和有关矿物(云母、内石、辉石、橄榄石、不透明矿物、付矿物(锆石、磷灰石、榍石等)、绿帘石、褐帘石、石榴石、黄长石、钙镁橄榄石、原生碳酸盐等] Q+A+P=100或A+P+F=100 M小于90％的岩石,主要按它们的淡色组分分类;M=90～100％的岩石,则按其镁铁质矿物分类。 M小于90％的岩石,是按它们在QAPF     

小兴安岭东南端晚石炭世大岭环斑花岗岩成因

在小兴安岭东南端的鹤岗—伊春市交界处大岭一带的晚石炭世弱片麻状中粒似斑状二长花岗岩中发育环斑结构长石,多以呈自形宽板状或宽板柱状的碱性长石内核和斜长石外薄壳组成,少量为不发育斜长石外壳的卵球状、球状,大小为1.5￣3.5cm,其特征与典型的环斑结构在岩相学上是相同的。另外岩体中普遍发育暗色微细粒闪长质包体,与环斑钾长石在时空上紧密相伴;包体具典型的岩浆结构及针状磷灰石,含寄主岩的钾长石、石英巨晶;包体形态多呈浑圆的外形,显示出明显的塑性流变特点,与寄主岩常呈明显的接触关系,有时呈过渡状、雾迷状;以上充分说明了包体为岩浆混合成因(MME)。通过对岩体地质、环斑结构钾长石似斑晶、暗色微细粒闪长质包体等特征及岩体的岩石化学、地球化学研究表明大岭环斑花岗岩岩体为岩浆混合成因,产于造山环境,其形成时代、产出构造背景均不同于典型环斑花岗岩。     

安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿成矿岩体矿物学特征及其成岩成矿意义

安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿成矿岩体主要包括二长花岗斑岩、正长斑岩及花岗斑岩,主要矿物组成为石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母。本文利用电子探针技术对主要矿物的矿物学特征进行了研究,结果表明,岩石中斜长石为钠长石;钾长石以条纹长石为主;黑云母属于镁质黑云母,富Mg、Al、K,贫Ca,MF值变化于0.65~0.72之间。黑云母化学成分显示本区岩体为I型花岗岩,属于造山带钙碱性花岗岩类,其成岩物质具壳幔混合的特点。黑云母矿物温压计计算结果显示,岩体固结温度约500~580℃,氧逸度变化范围是10-14~10-15.8,其含铁指数对寻找钼矿具较好的指示意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of