东准噶尔卡拉麦里松喀尔苏岩体花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

东准噶尔地区岩浆活动丰富,侵入岩发育广泛。松喀尔苏岩体位于准噶尔东缘,卡拉麦里构造带南侧,岩体规模较小,主要由二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明其形成年龄为(410.2±2.2)Ma(MSWD=0.30),是卡拉麦里构造带南缘首次报道的早泥盆世花岗质岩石年龄。从岩石地球化学成分上看,岩体主要为碱性花岗岩,具高硅、低钛、高铝、富碱和贫钙特征,弱过铝质,属A2型花岗岩;相对于原始地幔,不相容元素Rb、Th、U、K富集,具Sr、P、Ti明显负异常。结合区域地质资料综合分析认为,松喀尔苏岩体形成于卡拉麦里洋盆打开后不断扩张生长的阶段,该地区在早泥盆世时期处于伸展构造背景。     

格咱岛弧带热林二长花岗岩的岩石成因及动力学背景:岩石地球化学、年代学及Hf同位素约束

云南格咱岛弧带是近年来西南三江特提斯构造带新发现的重要Cu-Mo多金属成矿带之一,燕山晚期伴随着碰撞型岩浆侵入作用形成了斑岩-矽卡岩型Mo(Cu)和热液型W(Mo)矿床。其中,热林Mo-Cu矿床是区内燕山晚期成岩成矿作用的代表性矿床。本文对热林Mo-Cu矿床二长花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素分析。结果表明,热林二长花岗岩属高硅(SiO_2=69.88%~74.58%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.24%~8.62%)的高钾钙碱性、准铝质(A/CNK=0.93~1.05)花岗岩。岩石具有较高的稀土元素总量(∑REE为(80.72~284.85)×10-6,平均值为190.86×10-6),轻重稀土元素分馏程度较高,具Eu负异常(δEu=0.46~0.83),相对富集LREE和LILE(K、Rb),亏损HFSE(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)和HREE,具埃达克岩亲和性。本文两件二长花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为79.4±2.0 Ma(MSWD=1.1)、78±1.6 Ma(MSWD=1.8),代表了热林Mo-Cu矿床二长花岗岩的岩浆侵位结晶时代为燕山晚期;锆石的εHf(t)值为-12.12~-4.41,均小于0,二阶段模式年龄峰值在1.35~1.4Ga之间,揭示了热林二长花岗岩来源于中元古代地壳基底的深熔作用。研究表明,热林二长花岗岩是碰撞后的陆内伸展环境下壳源岩浆侵位结晶的产物,并伴随有成矿热液活动形成了Mo-Cu多金属矿化,最终形成热林Mo-Cu多金属矿床,其成岩成矿作用与燕山期碰撞造山作用密切相关。     

北祁连山中段北大坂岩体成因及构造环境讨论

运用岩石学的研究方法对出露于北祁连造山带中段北大坂一带的北大坂岩体进行岩石及元素分析结果表明:其岩性为斑状粗粒二长花岗岩、粗中粒二长花岗岩及中细粒二长花岗岩,含少量黑云母、角闪石及榍石,属钾质钙碱性花岗岩类;主量元素w(SiO2)=63.66%～74.38%,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)=2.61～3.31,总体为高钾钙碱性弱过铝质花岗岩,岩石富集LILE元素(Rb,Th,K等),亏损HFSE元素(Y,Yb,Ta,Nb等),稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集型,具中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.59～0.82)。微量、稀土元素分配模式与北祁连西段的金佛寺岩体(碰撞型花岗岩)基本一致。单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为414Ma±4Ma,综合分析认为北大坂岩体形成于同碰撞末-后碰撞初期的构造转换期,岩浆源区为下地壳。     

东准噶尔喀拉萨依高分异A型花岗岩岩石成因及其地质意义

喀拉萨依岩体位于东准噶尔卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩带西端,由钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为307.7±3.2Ma~309.6±2.0Ma,岩石高硅(Si O2平均含量为77.25%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.50%~9.23%)、低铝(A/CNK=0.922~1.084),贫钙、镁;富集Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素和稀土元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu。10000Ga/Al值变化于7.00~10.35之间,总体上具碱性A型花岗岩的特征,是该岩带东侧老鸦泉—黄羊山A型花岗岩岩基经高程度分异演化的产物,并非前人认为的S型花岗岩。岩体具正εNd(t)值(3.5~6.0)和年轻的Nd模式年龄(TDM2=520~630Ma),Pb同位素投点位于造山带演化线附近,同位素数据显示岩浆来源于新生造山带下部的年轻地壳。从本次1∶5万区调成果看,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚泥盆世之前已经闭合,从晚泥盆世开始转入碰撞后的拉张环境,在晚石炭世早期进入板内裂谷发展阶段,因此喀拉萨依岩体应是该区板内裂谷阶段而非前人所说的后碰撞阶段的产物。     

东准库布苏南岩体岩石化学特征及其地质意义

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区库布苏南岩体以花岗闪长岩为主,岩石具似斑状结构和块状构造.岩石化学研究表明,岩体具富SiO2 (64.24%～67.75%)、低Al2O3 (16.06%～22.00%)、富Na2O K2O (7.03%～7. 50%)特征,且Na2O>K2O,标准矿物中出现刚玉分子,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩类型.较低的DI(69.49～76.62)、FL(64.32～71.56)和MF(69.58～76.00),表明岩体具有壳-幔混合作用的特征.结合东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区晚古生代构造-岩浆演化过程分析,岩体形成于卡拉麦里造山带的大陆主碰撞后初始拉张阶段[(300±10) Ma],属后碰撞花岗岩,它是幔源岩浆在壳下和壳内不同深度上发生垫托,壳幔物质发生不同程度的分熔、混合和交换的产物.     

内蒙古查干花钼矿区成矿花岗岩地球化学、年代学及成岩作用

查干花钼矿床是内蒙古中西部的一个大型斑岩钼矿床。矿床成矿期花岗岩为似斑状黑云母花岗岩。2个花岗岩样品锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果分别为253.3±2.8Ma(MSWD=1.17)和253.8±3.7Ma(MSWD=1.6),显示成矿期花岗岩形成于253～254Ma,为晚二叠世。与前人辉钼矿Re-Os测年研究(～243Ma)对比显示,矿床的成岩成矿时间差约为10Ma,这与矿床控矿构造及成矿期花岗岩的结构构造特征相符,也与国内外较多的斑岩型矿床成岩可以对比,反映出查干花钼矿床是成矿岩体经历了长时间演化以后岩浆-热液体系的产物。元素地球化学研究显示,成矿期花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、准铝质至过铝质和高钾钙碱性的特征。其源区是受到早期陆缘弧俯冲作用改造及地壳混染的岩石,再经过部分熔融作用所形成。其微量元素继承了早期陆缘弧成因岩石的一些特征。岩浆在形成以后,在深部岩浆房内经历了以斜长石和钾长石为主导的分离结晶作用,并在上侵到地壳浅部区域以后受到了远古宇宝音图群的混染。其形成的构造环境为古生代末期向中生代转换的后碰撞环境。     

福建平和钟腾铜矿床成岩成矿时代研究

钟腾铜矿床为位于华夏板块东南缘上杭—云霄构造-岩浆成矿带上的岩浆热液型矿床。岩石地球化学分析表明矿区3种主要花岗质岩石均属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有高钾、富碱、贫硅、低钛的特征,部分岩石有过铝质的特点,轻稀土元素富集,具有弱负铕异常。微量元素以富集大离子K、Rb、Th等亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素为特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得矿区3种岩石年龄分别为(103.5±0.4) Ma、(102.2±0.4) Ma、(103±0.4) Ma,锆石ε_Hf(t)值在-2.9~2.0,两阶段模式年龄(T_DM2)为1.04~1.35 Ga。矿石辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素测年获得等时线年龄为(105±2.5) Ma,说明成矿主要与燕山晚期花岗岩侵入有关。综合本次研究及相关区域资料,认为钟腾铜矿区的花岗岩为I型花岗岩,花岗岩及相关矿床形成于东南沿海地区110~90 Ma期间的古太平洋板块向西俯冲的大陆边缘背景。     

东昆仑夏日哈木矿区新元古代早期二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

本文报道了东昆仑造山带中部夏日哈木矿区二长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学资料,以确定岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造属性。夏日哈木矿区的二长花岗岩呈岩株状和脉状捕虏体出露于矿区中部。2件二长花岗岩样品中岩浆锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为923.7±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.27)和920.1±2.8 Ma(MSWD=0.18),属新元古代早期。岩石高硅(SiO_2=73.24%~73.83%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.96%~9.79%)、贫钙(CaO=0.31%~1.13%)、贫镁(MgO=0.11%~0.21%),属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列花岗岩;稀土配分曲线呈现轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾分布特征,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.30~0.45);原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示Sr、Ba、Nb、P、Eu和Ti的负异常。岩石学及地球化学特征表明其属于S型花岗岩。岩石具有较低的CaO/Na_2O比值(介于0.13~0.26之间,平均0.19),较高的Rb/Sr比值(介于1.27~12.45之间,平均7.61),显示出上部地壳源区的成分特征,可能由泥质岩石部分熔融形成。结合区域构造演化及构造判别,本文认为该区二长花岗岩形成于同碰撞的构造环境,岩石成因可能与加厚陆壳上部泥质岩石减压熔融并经历了斜长石等矿物的分离结晶作用有关,热源主要来自于陆壳加厚过程中K、Th、U等元素放射性蜕变产生的热量。综合分析认为,东昆中隆起带中部地区存在新元古代早期的岩浆活动,时间上对应于全球Rodinia超大陆的汇聚时间。     

内蒙古东乌旗狠麦温都尔花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古东乌旗狠麦温都尔地区发育了大量的晚古生代花岗岩,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明,二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的成岩年龄分别为307.0±1.9 Ma和299.7±5.3 Ma,时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示,主要岩石的SiO2含量为65.65%~71.86%,具富碱(K2O+Na2O为9.59%~9.90%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.00~1.73)的特点,准铝质(A/CNK为0.96~1.00),属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列;岩石富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素;稀土元素总量为82.60×10-6~177.58×10-6,(La/Yb)N为4.13~15.37,配分曲线模式略微右倾,δEu为0.44~0.87,中等-弱负铕异常,具岛弧或后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩的特征,结合岩石具块状构造、晶洞构造特征显示为后碰撞花岗岩。综上所述,认为狠麦温都尔高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为后碰撞早期伸展阶段的产物,与华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞作用有关,这一认识为兴蒙造山带晚古生代构造岩浆演化及古亚洲洋闭合的时限提供了新的约束。     

湖南川口岩体型钨矿赋矿花岗岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

川口矿田钨矿床产于湖南衡阳川口岩体的外接触带及岩体内部,矿床类型主要有岩浆热液石英细脉带型和石英大脉型。近年川口矿田取得了重大找矿突破,并发现了新类型的岩体型钨矿。本文对川口岩体型钨矿床的黑云母二长花岗岩及赋矿的白云母二长花岗岩分别进行了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征研究,获得川口岩体的成岩年龄为(223.1 ± 0.78)Ma,MSWD=0.98,n=24,岩体型钨矿成矿年龄为(224.6±1.31)Ma,MSWD=0.33,n=9,为印支期成岩成矿。川口花岗岩具有高SiO_2,富K_2O+Na_2O,低CaO、MgO的特点,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列S型花岗岩,形成于碰撞环境下弱挤压构造体制。川口岩体稀土总量(∑REE)整体较低,轻稀土相对较富集,具有强烈的负Eu异常,富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K和高场强元素Ta,而亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和相容元素P、Ti等,表明该岩体各阶段花岗岩来自同一岩浆源,且经历了高度演化。赋矿花岗岩更低的δEu值及(La/Yb)_N值,表明其结晶分异程度更高。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)