3，5-二溴水杨醛缩甘氨酸的合成及荧光法测定粮食中微量锌

合成了新型席夫碱试剂3，5-二溴水杨醛缩甘氨酸(DBSAGLY)，建立该试剂荧光度法测定微量Zn(Ⅱ)的新体系，在pH=7．0～8．0时Zn(Ⅱ)与DBSAGLY形成1：1的络合物，络合物最大激发和发射波长分别为λex=300nm和λcm=468nm，荧光线性范围0-120μg／L，检测限量1.6μg／L。本法用于粮食中锌的测定。     

矿石中微量铌的导数光度法测定

本文探讨了能消除Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、V(V)、Ta(V)、Cu(Ⅱ)等元素干扰的导数光度法测定在酒石酸介质中铌和5-Br-PADAP形成的三元铬合物.该方法具有选择性好,检出限低和准确度高等特点,铌在0—25μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律,检出限0.02ppm,Nb_2O_5回收率在90—102％。     

Directional Spectrum of Wind Waves: Part Ⅱ- Comparison and Confirmation

1　Introduction1.1　Proposed ModelonDirectionalFrequencySpec trum　ThisisthePartⅡofthetwo papersetondirection alspectraofwindwaves.Anewmodelonthedirec tionalspectrumofwindwavesfordeepwaterispro posedbasedonthestatisticsofwindwavesinthePartⅠ .Substituting (4 5 )ofPartⅠinto (4 0 )andaddingapeak enhancementitemγΓ,weobtainS(ω ,) =0 .0 0 93αaαwD( ,k) ωpω2 ξ- 4g2ω5×exp - 2 ξ+14[bωp +(1-b)ωp]4ω4 γΓ. (1)Here ,αaisthewaveagefactorofspectralcoefficientdefinedbyαa = ω0 .55…     

偏最小二乘分光光度法同时测定铋、铜、钴和镍

3,5-Br2-PADAP在pH为3.2的甲酸-甲酸钠缓冲溶液中能与Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)形成稳定的络合物。研究了Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)-3,5-Br2-PADAP体系的显色条件,用偏最小二乘法处理所得数据,从而建立了分光光度法同时测定Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的方法。方法简便可靠,灵敏度高,选择性好。     

海芒果果实水提物及其原儿茶酸对米氏凯伦藻光合系统Ⅱ的影响

【目的】研究红树植物海芒果果实水提物及其主要抑藻物质原儿茶酸对典型赤潮藻米氏凯伦藻生长、光合系统PSⅡ的抑制作用及其机制。【方法】将米氏凯伦藻分别接种于含有海芒果果实水提物和原儿茶酸的f/2培养基中,接种量4.5×104 cells·L~(-1)。计算海芒果果实水提物和原儿茶酸对米氏凯伦藻的抑制效率,并分析米氏凯伦藻光合系统Ⅱ中JIP-test和电子传递链在胁迫条件下的响应机制。【结果】海芒果果实水提物及其主要抑藻物质原儿茶酸对米氏凯伦藻的生长均有显著的抑制作用,可显著抑制米氏凯伦藻光合系统Ⅱ中"J-I-P"相的增长,可引发单位激发界面能量通量相关指标(ABS/CS_0、DI_0/CS_0、ET_0/CS_0、TR_0/CS_0)的下降,导致光合系统Ⅱ电子的传递、转移受阻。【结论】海芒果果实水提物和原儿茶酸有用于防控赤潮藻米氏凯伦藻的潜力。     

Mechanistic Study and Kinetic Determination of Cu(Ⅱ) by the Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

A highly sensitive and selective catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of Cu(Ⅱ) is proposed. It is based on the catalytic effect of Cu(Ⅱ) on the oxidation of glutathione(GSH) by potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ) in acidic medium at 25.0℃. The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of oxidant at 420 nm using the fix-time method. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method allows the determination of Cu(Ⅱ) in a range of 0-35.0 ng m L~(-1) with good precision and accuracy and the limit of detection is down to 0.04 ng m L~(-1). The relative standard deviation(RSD) is 1.02%. The reaction orders with respect to each reagent are found to be 1, 1/2, and 1/2 for potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ), glutathione and Cu(Ⅱ) respectively. On the basis of these values, the rate equation is obtained and the possible mechanism is established. Moreover, few anions and cations can interfere with the determination of Cu(Ⅱ). The new proposed method can be successfully used to the determination of Cu(Ⅱ) in fresh water samples and seawater samples. It is found that the proposed method has fairly good selectivity, high sensitivity, good repeatability, simplicity and rapidity.     

Measurement of Trace Manganese(Ⅱ) by the Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method is developed for the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in water. The method is based on the catalytic effect of manganese (Ⅱ) with the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 using the Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) as an activation reagent. The optimum conditions obtained are 40mgL-1 RAWL, 1×10-4molL-1 KIO4, 2×10-4molL-1 Nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA), pH = 5.8, the reaction time of 3.00 min and the temperature of 20.0 ℃. Under the optimum con-ditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in a range of 0-50.0ngmL-1 and with a detection limit of down to 0.158 ng mL-1. The recovery efficiency in measuring the standard manganese (Ⅱ) solution is in a range of 98.5%-102%, and the RSD is in a range of 0.76%-1.25%. The new method has been successfully applied to the measurement of manganese (Ⅱ) in both fresh water and seawater samples with satisfying results. Moreover, few cations and anions interfere with the measurement of man-ganese (Ⅱ). Compared with other kinetic catalytic methods and instrumental methods, the proposed method shows fairly good selec-tivity and sensitivity, low cost, cheapness, low detection limit and rapidity. It can be applied on boats easily.     

香山绝对点的重力非潮汐变化

198 8年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月中国地震局和中国计量科学院合作用NIM Ⅱ仪器在香山地震台进行了 5 8次绝对重力测量 ,其中 4 4次同时量测了地下水水位。本文从多角度研究了香山点重力变化的机理。主要结论 :(1)地下水活动是重力变化的主要局部干扰源 ,它与重力观测值分段相关 ,可用一个 5次多项式进行改正 ;(2 )局部地壳形变的影响甚小 ,可略而不计 ;(3)地震活动导致重力值发生短期变化 ,最大幅度达 0 .333μms- 2 ;(4) 1989～ 2 0 0 1年重力值近于线性地下降了 0 .191μms- 2 ,平均速率为 - 0 .0 147μms- 2 /a ,属全球性或区域性重力变化     

偏最小二乘—分光光度法同时测定铋、铜、钴和镍

3，5—Br2—PADAP在pH为3．2的甲酸—甲酸钠缓冲溶液中能与Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)形成稳定的络合物。研究了Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)—3，5—Br2一PADAP体系的显色条件，用偏最小二乘法处理所得数据，从而建立了分光光度法同时测定Bi(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的方法。方法简便可靠，灵敏度高，选择性好。     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN

A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid.     

An Approach to Improving the Retrieval Accuracy of Oceanic Constituents in Case Ⅱ Waters

In the present paper, a method is proposed to improve the performance of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)based algorithms for the retrieval of oceanic constituents in Case Ⅱ waters. The ANN-based algorithms have been developed based on a constraint condition, which represents, to a certain degree, the correlation between suspended particulate matter(SPM)and pigment(CHL), coloured dissolved organic matter(CDOM)and CHL, as well as CDOM and SPM, found in Case Ⅱ waters. Compared with the ANN-based algorithm developed without a constraint condition, the performance of ANN-based algorithms developed with a constraint conditions is much better for the retrieval of CHL and CDOM, especially in the case of high noise levels; however, there is not significant improvement for the retrieval of SPM.     

湛江近海有色溶解有机物遥感反演

【目的】比较分析湛江近海有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的不同反演算法,并将最佳算法应用于卫星遥感数据,了解湛江近海CDOM空间分布。【方法】基于湛江湾及邻近海域的海上观测资料,利用QAA-E、QAA-Dong和QAA-CDOM三种经典半分析算法以及经验算法反演湛江近海CDOM浓度。【结果与结论】QAA-CDOM算法在三种经典半分析算法中精度最高,平均相对误差(MRE)为28.8%,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.07。同时,利用R_rs(665)/R_rs(444)与a_g(440)进行回归分析,建立CDOM反演的经验算法,决定系数为0.65,验证点的MRE为26.5%,RMSE为0.07。将经验算法应用到Sentinel-2卫星数据,得到CDOM反演空间分布图,显示鉴江口CDOM浓度较高,而硇洲岛附近及离岸较远的海域CDOM浓度较低。     

New approach for rapid assessment of trophic status of Yellow Sea and East China Sea using easy-to-measure parameters

To realize potential cost savings in coastal monitoring programs and provide timely advice for marine management, there is an urgent need for efficient evaluation tools based on easily measured variables for the rapid and timely assessment of estuarine and offshore eutrophication. In this study, using parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC), principal component analysis(PCA), and discriminant function analysis(DFA) with the trophic index(TRIX) for reference, we developed an approach for rapidly assessing the eutrophication status of coastal waters using easy-to-measure parameters, including chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM), fluorescence excitation–emission matrices, CDOM UV-Vis absorbance, and other water-quality parameters(turbidity, chlorophyll a, and dissolved oxygen). First, we decomposed CDOM excitation-emission matrices(EEMs) by PARAFAC to identify three components. Then, we applied PCA to simplify the complexity of the relationships between the water-quality parameters. Finally, we used the PCA score values as independent variables in DFA to develop a eutrophication assessment model. The developed model yielded classification accuracy rates of 97.1%, 80.5%, 90.3%, and 89.1% for good, moderate, and poor water qualities, and for the overall data sets, respectively. Our results suggest that these easy-to-measure parameters could be used to develop a simple approach for rapid in-situ assessment and monitoring of the eutrophication of estuarine and offshore areas.     

基于反射峰面积的水体叶绿素遥感反演模拟研究

叶绿素浓度是水体富营养化状态的重要指标,也是水色遥感反演的水质参数之一。水体中叶绿素浓度的遥感反演主要是建立实测光谱和实测水质参数二者之间的关系模型,利用遥感影像进行叶绿素浓度的信息提取。传统的叶绿素浓度遥感反演受区域性和季节性的影响,反演精度不高,而且反演模型不具普适性,需对叶绿素光谱特征进行分析,建立高精度的反演模型。本文采用Hydrolight数据模拟了不同叶绿素浓度(1~200 µg·L^-1)的水体在可见光近红外的反射波谱曲线,通过分析叶绿素的光谱特征选取了特征波段或波段组合,并建立了叶绿素浓度反演模型。研究表明,除反射峰波长模型外,反射峰面积模型、三波段模型、红光线高度模型等均能较好地反演叶绿素浓度。在不同叶绿素反演模型中,除红光线模型外,最优的是反射峰面积模型,其决定系数为0.9689,反演误差为25.25 µg·L^-1;其次是三波段模型,其决定系数为0.9637,反演误差为10.66 µg·L^-1。究其原因,三波段模型考虑了水体中非色素悬浮物、黄色物质及水体后向散射对叶绿素浓度反演造成的影响;反射峰面积模型除此之外还综合考虑了叶绿素散射效率的影响。     

Concentration and Characterization of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

The distribution and chemical properties of colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during December 2011-January 2012 were investigated. The input of freshwater and biological activities had an evident influence on the CDOM levels(characterized by the light absorption coefficient at the wavelength of 355 nm a_(355)) in the study area. The spatial distribution of CDOM levels displayed a gradually decreasing trend from the coastal waters(0.37 m~(-1)) to the open sea(0.18 m~(-1)). The spectral slope ratio(the slope ratio S_R defined as S_(275-295):S_(350-400)) during the cruise was correlated with salinity, and exhibited a large variation from inshore(average of 2.515) to offshore sites(average of 5.327) compared with the distribution of a_(355). The values of S_R were related to CDOM molecular weight(MW). The a_(355), S_R, and chlorophyll a in 37 samples collected from the surface microlayer were significantly correlated with those in the corresponding subsurface water samples, implying a strong exchange action between the microlayer and bulk water. The a_(355) and S_R of CDOM exhibited significant microlayer enrichment, with mean enrichment factors(EFs) of 1.72 and 1.62, respectively.     

Characterization of water constituents spectra absorption in Chagan Lake of Jilin Province, Northeast China

Research on the optical characteristics of water color constituents in Chagan Lake of Jilin Province,Northeast China was carried out in order to investigate the variability of the spectra absorption parameters as inputs to bio-optical models and remote sensing algorithms for converting observed spectral signals into water quality information.Samples of total particulates,non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were first prepared by quantitative filter technique (QFT) and then absorp...     

Occurrence and distribution of dissolved tellurium in Changjiang River estuary

With the implementation of the GEOTRACES program, the biogeochemical cycle and distribution of tellurium （Te） in marine environments are becoming increasing environmental concerns. In this study, the concentration of dissolved Te in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary and nearby waters was determined in May 2009 by hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the abundance, dominant species, distribution, and relationship with environmental factors. Results show that： （1） dissolved Te was low owing to its low abundance in the Earth＇s crust, high insolubility in water, and strong affinity to particulate matter; （2） Te（IV） and Te（VI） predominated in surface water. Te（VI） was the dominant species in bottom water, and Te（IV） was the minor species; （3） Horizontally, resulting from low phytoplankton metabolism and the weak reduction from Te（VI） to Te（IV） in the shore, Te（IV） was concentrated in the central zone instead of the coastal region. However, Te（VI） was abundant near the mouth of the Changjiang River where the Changjiang water is diluted and in the area to the south where the Taiwan Warm Current invaded. In the adsorption-desorption process, Te（IV） was negatively related to suspended paniculate matter （SPM）, indicating that it was adsorbed by particulate matter. While for Te（VI）, the positive correlation with SPM suggested that it was desorbed from the solid phase. In the estuary, dissolved Te had a negative correlation to salinity. However, it deviated from the dilution line in high-salinity regions due to the invasion of the Taiwan Warm Current and the mineralization of organic matter. The relationship between Te（IV） and SPM nutrients indicated that it was more bioavailable and more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen. Progress in the field is slow and more research is needed to quantify the input of Te to the estuary and evaluate the biochemical role of organisms.     

混合光谱分解算法的太湖水体组分浓度反演分析

二类水体组份的遥感定量反演一直是水色遥感的难点和热点问题,原因在于其水体组分(纯水、叶绿素、悬浮物及CDOM)之间复杂的相互作用.本文引入光谱分解算法,通过Hydrolight软件模拟叶绿素、悬浮物和CDOM的标准反射率光谱,解决光谱分解算法中“纯端元”难以获取的问题.在此基础上建立了二类水体组分光谱分解反演模型.模型...     

A method for sea surface wind field retrieval from SAR image mode data

To retrieve wind field from SAR images, the development for surface wind field retrieval from SAR images based on the improvement of new inversion model is present. Geophysical Model Functions(GMFs) have been widely applied for wind field retrieval from SAR images. Among them CMOD4 has a good performance under low and moderate wind conditions. Although CMOD5 is developed recently with a more fundamental basis, it has ambiguity of wind speed and a shape gradient of normalized radar cross section under low wind speed condition. This study proposes a method of wind field retrieval from SAR image by combining CMOD5 and CMOD4 Five VV-polarisation RADARSAT2 SAR images are implemented for validation and the retrieval results by a combination method(CMOD5 and CMOD4) together with CMOD4 GMF are compared with QuikSCAT wind data. The root-mean-square error(RMSE) of wind speed is 0.75 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.84 using the combination method and the RMSE of wind speed is 1.01 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.72 using CMOD4 GMF alone for those cases. The proposed method can be applied to SAR image for avoiding the internal defect in CMOD5 under low wind speed condition.     

A new method for the estimation of fine-sediment resuspension ratios in estuaries-taking the turbidity maximum zone of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary as an example

Based on the principle of conservative matter removal in estuary,a new method is proposed for estimating the ratio of sediment resuspension in estuaries with fine suspended sediments in the turbidity maximum zone(TMZ) of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary during 2005.Results show that there was a range of 18.7%±27.9% to 73.9%±22.5% per annum of total suspended particulate matter(SPM),with an average of 49.2%.Nearly half of the particulate matter in the TMZ originates from sediment resuspension.This indicates that sediment resuspension is one of the major mechanisms involved in formation of the TMZ.Compared with traditional method for calculating these ratios in the estuary,this new method evaluates the dynamic variation of SPM content carried by river runoff from the river mouth to the ocean.The new method produced more reliable results than the traditional one and could produce a better estimation of resuspension flux for particulate matter in estuaries.