基于城市联系强度与城市流的京津冀城市群空间联系研究

强化空间联系是破解京津冀城市群发展瓶颈的重要途径.从区域和产业两大维度,采用经济联系强度模型与城市流模型对京津冀城市群进行了实证研究,结果表明:与长三角城市群相比,京津冀城市群之间存在一定程度的空间联系,但较为松散.京津之间经济联系非常紧密,而与其他城市联系均相对松散,说明京津两市的空间集聚效应大于扩散效应;石家庄、唐山与京津空间联系最为紧密,唐山由于产业结构偏重,城市流不如石家庄,两者依然是京津冀城市群次核心城市的主要候选者;其余城市与京津的联系强度及城市流都较小,说明其与京津的落差在进一步加大,这也导致了其承接京津产业转移存在较高难度,京津“孤岛”仍将进一步持续.     

京津冀城市群发展质量评价与空间分析

基于城市经济能级模型对京津冀城市群内各城市进行等级划分,借助引力模型分析城市间经济联系的变化,并利用城市群发展质量评价指标体系和空间自相关分析,对京津冀城市群和群内城市发展质量以及京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群内核心城市发展质量进行评价。结果表明:城市群内一级中心城市北京、天津的辐射影响突出,集聚效应明显,城市间联系的网络化趋势在增强;城市群内各城市发展质量分为发展良好、发展中等、发展一般3个层次,北京和天津的城市发展质量指数高于河北11个城市,北京城市发展质量指数高于三大城市群内其他中心城市;基础设施网络化的发展促使城市群内城市发展质量和城市间联系的紧密程度呈"带状"结构发展。     

中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构

在既有理论基础上扩展了城市群多中心网络的度量工具,考察中国12个城市群总部—分支机构的企业关联网络,比较梳理了地级城市空间联系的拓扑结构。实证研究发现：①包括长三角、珠三角和京津冀三大典型城市群在内,中国城市群内部网络系统的拓扑结构依然发育不完善,在联系数据方面均呈现出一定的稀疏矩阵特征,空间组合关系均为树状结构。②总部区位(出度)的层级性差异均高于分支机构区位(入度)的层级性差异,显示出城市群内部空间“流”的不对称性。③针对12个城市群内部网络的拓扑结构聚类分析表明：长三角、珠三角、京津冀、山东半岛、海峡西岸地区的城市群内部网络联系较为紧密,呈现出一定程度的一体化网络特征;其中三大典型城市群存在明显的企业总部集聚核心,其余城市群内部的网络联系松散,跨城企业联系比重较低,在拓扑结构上大多呈现出以省会或副省级城市为指向的向心式联系。     

城市群创新网络的空间演化与组织 ——以京津冀城市群为例

京津冀城市群协同发展作为国家战略,如何实现协同创新是城市群协同发展的关键。通过创新系统主体授权专利合作,研究京津冀城市群的创新联系,揭示京津冀城市群创新网络的空间组织和演化特征。结果表明:京津冀城市群创新网络经历了初级发展阶段(2000—2005年)、增强发展阶段(2005—2010年)和扩展与快速发展阶段(2010—2015年)。从空间发展角度来看,北京、天津是京津冀城市群的创新中心,在网络中具有较强的控制力与自主创新能力,京津冀城市群逐步形成"双核+多节点"的创新网络格局。围绕主要城市的创新,京津冀城市群创新网络形成一些小组团创新网络结构。     

城市网络联系对城市群空间体系集聚水平的影响——基于2003—2018年中国12个城市群面板数据的实证

本文分析了2003—2018年中国12个规模较大的城市群的空间体系特征及其变动趋势,并借助城际投资联系数据,分析了各城市群城市网络特征,实证检验了城市网络联系度对城市群空间体系集聚水平的影响。研究发现,2003—2018年城市群空间体系总体呈均衡化发展趋势,且不同城市群城市网络特征差异明显,按发育程度可以分为四种类型：联系紧密-结构均衡-强中心带动型城市网络,联系紧密-弱中心带动-相对开放型城市网络,结构均衡但联系相对较弱型城市网络,以及联系相对较弱且结构极化型城市网络。实证结果证实了城市网络联系的紧密程度和连通度的提高有利于降低城市群空间体系的极化水平,城市网络联系带来的外部性有助于避免城市群空间体系的过度极化及由此带来的集聚负外部性,实现更加均衡的城市群空间结构。但城市网络联系对城市群空间体系均衡化发展的作用依赖于城市网络的结构特征,城市网络结构的极化对城市群空间体系均衡化发展存在抑制作用。     

黄河流域中上游四大城市群经济联系和网络结构比较分析

以黄河流域中上游兰西、宁夏沿黄、呼包鄂榆和关中城市群为研究区域,运用引力模型和社会网络分析等方法,测度各城市群内部经济联系,分析城市群内部城市等级结构,从中心性、网络密度和凝聚子群3个方面对各城市群网络结构进行分析,结果表明:(1)各城市群内城市等级结构不一,兰西、宁夏沿黄和关中均分为3个等级,呼包鄂榆中缺少三级城市;各城市群市(州)之间的经济联系强度与其市(州)等级划分呈现一定协同性。(2)各城市群内经济联系总量及紧密程度不一,兰西、宁夏沿黄、呼包鄂榆内市与市间的经济联系总量最小,但联系最紧密,县与县间联系总量最大,但联系最松散;关中则市与县间联系总量最大且联系最紧密。(3)各城市群的网络结构存在差异,关中对外经济吸引辐射能力、中介能力均最强,宁夏沿黄最弱;网络密度上,呼包鄂榆和关中网络密度较高,兰西和宁夏沿黄较低。(4)对各城市群进行聚类分析,兰西、宁夏沿黄凝聚子群基本依赖行政区划分,呼包鄂榆、关中凝聚子群分割行政区较严重。     

基于财富中国500强企业的中国城市群城市网络联系分析

现有城市网络研究多集中于城市联系及各城市群内部的空间关联,多以企业总分机构关系型数据研究中国城市网络结构,尚较少涉及中国城市群城市网络联系的整体认知。本文基于财富中国500强中的311家金融与专业性服务企业数据,分析中国19个城市群及41个主要城市间城市网络联系,借助企业在属地城市群层面的跨尺度空间表达,依据关系地理将城市群视为互相联系的空间集合,运用网络分析与互锁网络模型相结合的方法,重点分析城市群金融与专业服务业城市网络联系。结论如下：一方面,中国城市群整体形成以京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝、山东半岛与长江中游城市群为核心的空间组织体系,并与国家中心城市分布特征一致。关中平原、辽中南、滇中等13个城市群为非核心层级空间组织,是中国城市群空间拓展的重要支撑。另一方面,城市群城市网络联系依赖于金融及专业性服务要素高效优化配置,城市群对外联系范围决定了该城市群对各类服务要素流的控制与配置能力,进而影响其发展地位。其中,京津冀城市群主导商业银行、多元金融投资、保险、会计和律师事务形成的城市网络联系,长三角城市群以绝对优势主导证券企业城市网络联系,长三角、成渝、珠三角城市群共同主导着广告代理、管理咨询企业间的城市网络联系。本文尝试以城市群关系邻近性认知企业行动与城市群间的跨尺度空间联系互馈机理,认为城市群间水平联系对中国城市群城市网络具有重要作用,为国家制定城市群相关政策提供参考。     

基于产业空间联系的“大都市阴影区”形成机制解析——长三角城市群与京津冀城市群的比较研究

通过引入感应度系数和影响力系数,构建产业联系强度测度模型,探讨了当前长江三角洲与京津冀城市群产业空间联系特征,研究了两大城市群空间经济差异,基于产业空间联系视野对"大都市阴影区"的形成进行了实证研究。研究表明:①城市群内部各城市间产业联系强度越高,城市群整体经济发展水平就越好;②城市群的中心城市与其他各城市产业联系强度越高,城市群整体经济发展水平就越好、越趋于均衡;③从产业空间联系来看,中心城市与其邻近的外围地区的产业联系强度弱化是造成"大都市阴影区"形成的关键因素。     

论城市群经济联系对区域协同发展的影响——基于京津冀与沪苏浙的比较

区域协同发展的过程,本质是经济领域相互作用,城市群经济联系不断增强的过程。从经济联系的视角通过对京津冀城市群与长三角地区沪苏浙城市群的对比分析发现,无论是从经济发展的梯次结构还是与中心城市的经济联系,沪苏浙地区都优越于京津冀。立足现实,深化对这一问题的思考,借助雄安新区的规划与建设,就改变京津冀城市群中北京“一城独大”式的发展模式以及带来的一系列负效应,构筑梯次良好、经济互通密切的城市空间布局提出对策建议。     

"十五"时期环渤海城市群经济联系分析

环渤海城市群是中国北方重要的经济增长区域,未来发展前景十分广阔,分析"十五"时期环渤海城市群经济联系的动态变化规律必将为"十一五"乃至更长一段时期环渤海城市群空间经济联系产生"抛砖引玉"的功效。选取"十五"时期环渤海地区京津冀、辽中南、山东半岛共28座城市的市区从业人员、GDP、人均GDP等指标,利用城市流强度等模型测度了三大城市群内部经济联系强度,并与长三角、珠三角共25座城市相比较。结果表明:京津冀城市群经济联系强度居环渤海地区首位,辽中南次之,山东半岛位居最后;"十五"期末与期初相比,京津冀、辽中南的经济联系强度均呈上升态势,其中,尤以京津冀上升幅度最大,而山东半岛则出现了明显的下降;与长三角、珠三角相比,京津冀经济联系强度虽弱于长三角,但略强于珠三角,而辽中南、山东半岛与长三角、珠三角的差距则更为显著。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .