西藏桂亚拉地区岫玉的发现及其地质特征

在西藏１：２０万松冷幅,竹瓦根幅区域地质调查中,对左贡县桂亚拉地区发现的岫玉矿的地质特征,矿床特征,岩石,矿物和地球化学特征研究表明,雄恩错组的白云岩受岩浆热液作用形成的岫玉,为研究西藏非金属矿床成矿规律和构造演化及寻找玉石提供了新的基础资料,对岫玉与致密块状质纯的白云岩资源提出了综合开发利用的建议。     

岫玉染色机理的探讨

岫玉亦称岫岩玉,产于辽宁省岫岩县北瓦沟、刘家堡等地的白云岩中,颜色主要为深绿色、黄绿色、淡绿白色、黄色、红色及其他杂色,具有油脂光泽,微透明至不透明的致密块体。染色原料采用的是淡绿白色和黄绿色岫玉,只进行了一种褐色的染色。两种岫玉的染色效果相同,结果比较理想。     

雪峰山西侧地区下古生界海相白云岩储层的成岩作用

分析雪峰山西侧震旦系灯影组、寒武系武陵统—芙蓉统海相白云岩的区域分布特征和储层岩石学特征,并结合普通薄片、铸体薄片、碳氧同位素、常量元素、电子探针等资料,定量化研究对储层发育起建设性作用的成岩类型,探讨其纵横向差异。结果表明,研究区白云岩的分布特征明显受相带变化的影响和控制;震旦系灯影组主要为晶粒白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩和藻白云岩,武陵统—芙蓉统则以灰质白云岩、晶粒白云岩和残余颗粒白云岩为主。灯影组与武陵统—芙蓉统白云岩成岩期主要经历了压实压溶、胶结和矿物充填、重结晶、白云岩化、硅化、溶蚀、破裂等作用,其中对形成有利储集空间起积极作用的主要有白云岩化、溶蚀、破裂等。区域对比表明,武陵统—芙蓉统和灯影组白云岩储层在纵向上和平面上存在差异,在区域展布上存在不均一性。研究结果为下一步区块优选提供了一定的依据。     

青藏高原中生界白云岩特征研究及成因分析

通过对青藏高原羌塘盆地和措勤盆地的白云岩进行野外观察与描述,提出了研究区白云岩的纵、横向分布规律,总结了白云岩的岩石学特征。运用系统的室内分析、化验方法,应用结构标志、阴级发光标志、氧同位素标志有效地进行了白云岩成因判定。认为研究区的白云岩非原生成因,而均属于交代或白云化成因。根据白云岩中所含白云石的晶体大小、形态及内部结构划分了白云化阶段:准同生阶段、成岩阶段和后生阶段,并总结了各阶段白云岩的特征,认为成岩阶段形成的白云岩是油气最有利的储集层。通过选取典型剖面,归纳出研究区白云岩的两种成因模式:毛细管浓缩作用模式和混合水作用模式。     

贵州安顺—平坝—带安顺组白云岩岩石类型及其沉积相、沉积环境分析

安顺组白云岩岩石类型有角砾状白云岩、溶塌角砾白云岩、纹层状白云岩、鸟眼状次生孔洞白云岩、硅质白云岩、泥质白云岩、水平层理白云岩和具帐蓬构造白云岩、泥晶白云岩、细晶～粗晶白云岩等。本文对各类型白云岩的沉积特征及沉积相进行了研究，认为它们均为成岩白云岩。同时，对安顺组白云岩类型在纵、横向作了研究、认为海平面波动引起垂向上白云岩类型的变化，而奥伦尼克期黔中碳酸盐台地对称沉积模式控制各类型白云岩的横向展布。     

江西萍乐坳陷西部中石炭统黄龙组白云岩成因探讨

本文主要讨论了萍乐坳陷西部中石炭统黄龙组白云岩的成因,着重对白云岩的成因类型及成因模式进行探讨,不同类型白云岩的岩石结构,构造特征具有明显的不同,通过镜下鉴定、氧碳同位素值及微量元素--锶的变化特征的研究,得出的结论是:白云岩属交代成因的而不是原生白云岩;白云岩的成因类型可划分为准同生白云岩和成岩白云岩;白云岩的成因模式分别为超咸水白云岩模式和混合水白云岩模式。     

中国碳酸盐岩油气勘探与白云岩研究最新成果:第17届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议成果综述

简述了第17届全国古地理学及沉积学大会碳酸盐岩油气勘探、白云岩、深层碳酸盐岩尤其是白云岩成因理论研究新成果。统计含55个口头报告和15个展板;涉及塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯、柴达木、吐哈和渤海湾等盆地白云岩成因与成储;深层、万米超深层白云岩规模储集层形成、表征和保存机制;生物岩和碳酸盐岩形成过程的定量评价等。值得推荐10000 m超深层白云岩优质储集层特征和成因机制研究,坚持提出万米超深层白云岩勘探建议,成为白云岩成因理论研究指导生产实践的代表性成果,是2022年国际沉积学大会及近年国际白云岩成因基础研究成果应用薄弱环节补充;有关四川盆地深层白云岩储集层特征和成因机制的研究来自不同院校项目成果的总结。提出了深层白云岩成因成储、万米超深层白云岩优质储集层评价与勘探理论;尤其激光剥蚀等离子体质谱U-Pb定年技术得到普遍应用,实现了地质时期白云化作用特征和成因机制的定性定量分析;生物岩的讨论颇具特色;这些内容分别代表沉积学—岩相古地理学—矿物岩石学—新技术和白云岩成因理论研究与实际应用紧密结合成果,总体创新深度、研究手段、系统理论和在油气勘探部署中的应用特征显著,是本次学术会议亮点。不足之处:仅...     

白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系研究进展及展望

白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系在全球范围内分布广泛,在前寒武纪至第四纪地层中均有发现,然而该共生体系的发育机理及控制因素目前研究薄弱,亟待厘清。在调研国内外大量文献的基础上,结合研究团队对国内白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系的已有研究,系统总结了白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系发育特征及组合类型,并进一步探讨了其形成机制。在此基础上,明确了白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系的研究意义,并提出目前白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系研究存在的问题及下一步研究方向。首先,通过梳理全球范围内已报道的各地质历史时期白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系的特征,发现白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系广泛分布于全球51个地区,以北半球为主,且亚洲分布最多;其次为欧洲和北美洲,非洲分布相对较少;此外在南美洲及大洋洲也有零星分布;共生体系分布层位众多,从前寒武系到第四系均有分布,以二叠系居多。总结了蒸发岩与白云岩共生组合方式的5种类型:白云岩与蒸发岩互层、厚层白云岩上覆于厚层蒸发岩、厚层蒸发岩上覆于厚层白云岩、厚层白云岩夹薄层蒸发岩、厚层蒸发岩夹薄层白云岩,并探讨了共生差异的形成过程、分布规律、主要控制因素以及共生体系发育的特殊性和普遍性规律。其次,在全球共生体系矿物类型、特征精细表征基础之上,由宏观现象分析向微观机理解释转变,并划分出共生体系中6种蒸发岩和5种白云岩类型,初步分析了共生体系特征及成因。最后,总结了白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系中成岩流体的性质、特征、来源及流体演化路径。对白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系的研究不仅为解决“白云岩（白云石）问题”提供了新的思路,也将推动对白云岩—蒸发岩共生体系重要基础地质问题的认识,并为共生体系内油气资源勘探提供理论指导。     

羌塘盆地中央隆起带南侧隆额尼—昂达尔错布曲组古油藏白云岩特征及成因机制

以系统的剖面测制及室内综合研究为基础,系统总结了隆额尼—昂达而错古油藏白云岩的矿物学、晶体学、岩石组构、沉积相、碳和氧同位素及流体包裹体等特征,在该区白云岩中发现了完整的交代鲕粒结构。该区白云岩的典型组构为交代残余结构、雾心亮边结构、等厚环边胶结及世代生长结构,白云岩化集中在台地边缘浅滩、潮坪及台地边缘藻丘礁;白云石晶体有序度总体较高,白云岩δ13C和δ18O值较伴生灰岩偏高,白云岩形成时盐度低于正常海水盐度,温度t高于地表平均温度;白云岩中包裹体含量少而小,均一温度均从白云岩中后期充填方解石脉中获取,其均一温度的两个区间与该区两次大的构造运动及油气生成、运聚过程吻合,白云岩形成于油气注入之前。各种特征均反映出该区白云岩为混合水交代成因,研究丰富了对该古油藏白云岩特征及白云岩成因机制的认识。     

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩储层特征

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩分布广泛,是重要的油气储集层。根据钻井岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和地球化学特征等资料,对沙三段白云岩储层特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明,沙三段白云岩有层状、结核状、均匀块状和裂缝充填等4种产状,岩石类型包括泥晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩,储集空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝;白云岩储层物性较差,孔洞缝共同发育的层段是油气富集的有利层段,储层的含油性与储层的岩性及物性具有一定的相关性。目前白云岩储层正处于中成岩阶段,在埋藏过程中经历了机械压实、压溶、胶结、溶蚀、重结晶和白云岩化等成岩作用的改造,其中溶蚀作用可分为三期,后两期溶蚀作用极大地改善了储层物性,机械压实和胶结作用对储层物性起破坏作用;地球化学特征揭示了白云岩化作用的两种类型,即准同生期的回流渗透白云岩化和成岩期的埋藏白云岩化。影响白云岩储层物性的主要因素包括沉积环境、白云岩化作用和裂缝发育程度,沉积环境对白云岩储层物性起决定性作用,白云岩化作用对储集空间具有重要的改造作用,裂缝的发育极大改善了储层物性,提高了储层的储集能力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with