基于组件技术的地理信息系统二次开发--以地下水资源空间分析系统为例

组件地理信息系统不依赖于某一种开发语言，一般利用地理信息控件实现地理信息功能，专业应用功能则直接在通用平台上开发或是插入其它的专业模型分析控件来实现。目前，组件地理信息系统开发模式已成为地理信息系统二次开发的主要模式，该文阐述了组件地理信息系统的基本概念和技术基础，详细介绍了ESRI公司推出的MapObjects控件，结合实例论述了基于组件技术的地下水资源空间分析系统的设计开发过程。     

内蒙古自治区地质调查院地质矿产综合研究成果丰硕

近年来,以内蒙古自治区地质调查院为主体研究单位,以中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士为顾问,承担和完成了内蒙古自治区地质勘查重大科研项目 “内蒙古自治区大矿富矿成矿系统及找矿预测研究”、“内蒙古重要矿产资源潜力评价及成矿规律研究”、“内蒙古区域成矿规律及重要矿产成矿预测地球化学综合研究”(院士项目),同时完成了“全国矿产资源潜力评价(内蒙古部分)”,提交了一批具有重要科研价值的报告和论著,大幅度并整体提高了内蒙古自治区地质矿产综合研究程度,为国家和内蒙古自治区进行基础地质调查和矿产资源调查评价及内蒙古自治区地质矿产勘查部署、矿产资源开发乃至矿政管理等提供了重要依据.     

旅游信息系统建设模式探讨——以佛山市为例

作为当前旅游信息系统开发的两种主要基础平台，地理信息系统和多媒体制作系统都存在一定的缺陷。多媒体制作系统缺乏旅游地图的有效管理，空间查询，分析和统计功能，旅游地理信息系统则缺乏旅游信息的多媒体表达能力。从实用性和普及性出发，集合二者优点开发模式具有更大的推广应用价值。因此，论文提出在同一界面下基于GIS和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发模式；（1）在GIS中增加多媒体信息表达能力，以关系数据库为核心，把多媒体文件名信息存储在地理信息系统属性库，依靠多媒休段实现多媒体数据与地理信息系统图形和属性的关联，实现查询的基本概念；（2）在多媒体系统中开发部分GIS空间查询功能。以此思路，佛山科技学院GIS技术实验室利用VB进行GIS和多媒体二次开发，成功地完成了佛山旅游信息系统的设计和开发。     

地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用现状概述

在概述地理信息系统(GIS)的概念、功能、应用领域的基础上，对GIS在农业资源管理与动态监测、作物估产、土地适宜性评价、病虫害预测预报与风险评价、精确农业等方面的应用现状进行了综述，并对GIS在农业中的应用前景以及新动态进行了探讨和分析，讨论了地理信息系统在农业上应用研究的重要性。     

矿产资源开发的战略环境评价研究

分析中国矿产资源开发战略环境评价(SEA)的必要性及不同类型矿产资源开发SEA的作用,提出矿产资源开发SEA的工作原则,在公共参与的基础上,建立包括社会、经济、资源、环境和人口5 部分内容的评价指标体系,确定适用于矿产资源开发SEA的评价方法与程序。中国矿产资源开发SEA,目前只能适用于规划范畴,并以矿产资源开发预测性SEA为主。     

广东莲花山地区成矿规律研究

广东莲花山工作区位于莲花山断裂带以东,属浙闽粤沿海成矿带,区内矿产资源丰富,主要为莲花山式斑岩型钨金矿。本文通过对工作区内成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面以及成矿作用特征标志的研究,提取了与成矿有关的地层、构造、岩浆岩信息,建立区域成矿模式,编制区域成矿要素。从多个角度分析了找矿要素与成矿的关系,揭示了莲花山地区矿产时空分布规律。     

四子王旗区域成矿规律分析及成矿带的划分

本文根据四子王旗境内已知地质矿产资料,依据成矿理论对成矿地质条件进行分析,进而为了表达矿床的时空分布规律,更有效的寻找区内矿产资源,将四子王旗境域内由北—南划分出了五个成矿带,供地方政府科学规划区内矿产资源开发做参考。     

基于组件技术的人口统计地理信息系统开发研究

人口地理信息系统是近年来迅速发展起来的处理人口数据的一门新技术，它的应用极大地提高了人口信息化管理水平。文章从GIS组件技术角度出发，介绍了人口统计指标和GIS模型的建立，探讨了构建人口统计地理信息系统方法与过程，实现了人口地理信息与人口属性信息的功能集成。实践表明，使用GIS组件技术开发人口统计地理信息系统是一种比较好的选择，通过GIS的空间分析手段表达一个区域人口、资源、环境和社会经济的分布关系和分布规律，结合专业模型，进行分析和评价，找出可持续发展系统的规律和发展趋势，为有关部门管理和决策提供数据分析支持。     

江苏省农业资源地理信息系统的组建

江苏省农业资源地理信息系统的组建目标是：开发网页式农业资源地理信息系统，建立基于空间分析的农业资源数据库，实现对农业资源、大宗农作物长势与产量、农业自然灾害等动态监测、分析和评价的基础数据支持，为政府部门的农业决策、农业区划提供及时更新的信息源和决策参考。     

论兴安盟矿业勘查开发和利用

矿产资源勘查及开发已成为制约兴安盟地区实现工业化的瓶颈和突破口。根据成矿规律及已知矿产地空间分布,该盟境内有三条多金属成矿亚带、已发现各类矿产54种,基本查明的资源储量矿产地35处,发现的矿点和矿化点有291处。境内有四个成煤区,阿尔山地热,矿泉水和扎赉特旗图牧吉地区的油砂,石油等亟待勘查勘探开发并对此提出具体的地质勘查环境及投融资体制机制建议。     

中国泥炭资源地理信息系统的建立与应用研究

借助现代计算机和地理信息系统(GIS)技术，以MAPINFO为基本地理信息系统平台，MAPBASIC为模型开发工具，ACCESS为后台数据库，POWERBUILDER为综合集成工具，在对现有大量泥炭资源信息进行处理的基础上，初步建立了中国泥炭资源地理信息系统(China Peat GIS)。该系统提供的泥炭资源GIS数据信息、多媒体信息、各种文本信息对于泥炭资源的合理开发利用和相关科学研究具有重要意义。     

Lithodiversity and Its Spatial Association with Metallic Mineral Sites,Great Basin of Nevada

Geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to investigate the spatial association between metallic mineral sites and lithodiversity in Nevada. Mineral site data sets include various size and type subsets of about 5,500 metal-bearing occurrences and deposits. Lithodiversity was calculated by counting the number of unique geological map units within four sizes of square-shaped sample neighborhoods (2.5-by-2.5, 5-by-5, 10-by-10, and 20-by-20 km) on three different scales of geological maps (national, 1:2,500,000; state, 1:500,000; county, 1:250,000). The spatial association between mineral sites and lithodiversity was observed to increase with increasing lithodiversity. This relationship is consistent for (1) both basin-range and range-only regions, (2) four sizes of sample neighborhoods, (3) various mineral site subsets, (4) the three scales of geological maps, and (5) areas not covered by large-scale maps. A map scale of 1:500,000 and lithodiversity sampling neighborhood of 5-by-5 km was determined to best describe the association. Positive associations occurred for areas having >3 geological map units per neighborhood, with the strongest observed at approximately >7 units. Areas in Nevada with more than three geological map units per 5-by-5 km neighborhood contain more mineral sites than would be expected resulting from chance. High lithodiversity likely reflects the occurrence of complex structural, stratigraphic, and intrusive relationships that are thought to control, focus, localize, or expose mineralization. The application of lithodiversity measurements to areas that are not well explored may help delineate regional-scale exploration targets and provide GIS-supported mineral resource assessment and exploration activity another method that makes use of widely available geological map data.     

现代盐湖型钾盐成矿遥感预测——以扎布耶盐湖为例

通过遥感图像处理与目视解译,对扎布耶盐湖典型矿床从控矿构造、矿物质来源、湖盆封闭性和沉降性、地形地貌、水热活动、遥感色异常及退宿湖痕迹等因素进行了总结,初步建立主要盐类矿产资源的遥感找矿模式。经过综合分析,对比扎布耶盐湖典型矿床的成矿地质条件,以近矿找矿标志及遥感成矿信息为依据圈定了24个成矿条件优越、遥感找矿标志明显的区域为钾盐矿最小预测区。该研究可为矿产潜力评价及以后的工作奠定基础。     

东南沿海中小流域平原区洪水淹没模拟

我国东南沿海中小流域洪水过程短,调节能力差,洪水灾害严重。而该区洪水灾害主要发生在流域中下游冲洪积平原上,为此本文以我国东南沿海甬江流域奉化江下游为实验区,探讨了将遥感和地理信息系统应用于中小流域洪水淹没模拟研究的方法和途径。开展了基于遥感和GIS的流域降雨径流和洪水演进模型的研究,建立了基于数字高程模型的洪水淹没范围和灾情评估模型。最后利用遥感、遥测和GIS信息,对实验区洪水淹没和灾情评估进行了验证分析,并取得了较满意的成果,从而为中小流域防洪减灾决策研究提供了经验。     

基于ComGIS的闽江口湿地时空演变分析系统

闽江口湿地是中国最重要的滨海湿地之一,加强该湿地的管理对于东亚—澳大拉西亚候鸟迁徙路线上鸟类生物多样性的保护意义重大。应用变化动态度、马尔柯夫链等数学方法和景观生态学理论,构建了闽江口湿地时空演变模型;采用组件式开发技术,利用M apOb jects在V isual Basic平台上,进行闽江口湿地时空演变信息系统设计和开发,并使用该信息系统对闽江口湿地时空演变进行实例分析。结果表明,采用ComG IS技术开发湿地信息系统具有高度的可维护性、可重用性和开放性等特点,该系统能更高效、直观管理闽江口湿地空间信息和属性信息,以形象化的方式对湿地作全局性时空分析,使得闽江口湿地管理和保护更加科学、便捷。应用该系统对1986年到2000年间闽江口湿地演变分析表明,由于该时期当地社会经济的高速发展,城镇化进程的加速,人类活动已经成为影响闽江口湿地的最主要原因。     

Developing a geographic expert system for regional mapping of volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit potential

A personal computer-based geographic information system (GIS) is used to develop a geographic expert system (GES) for mapping and evaluating volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit potential. The GES consists of an inference network to represent expert knowledge, and a GIS to handle the spatial analysis and mapping. Evidence from input maps is propagated through the inference network, combining information by means of fuzzy logic and Bayesian updating to yield new maps showing evaluation of hypotheses. Maps of evidence and hypotheses are defined on a probability scale between 0 and 1. Evaluation of the final hypothesis results in a mineral potential map, and the various intermediate hypotheses can also be shown in map form.The inference net, with associated parameters for weighting evidence, is based on a VMS deposit model for the Chisel Lake deposit, a producing mine in the Early Protoerzoic Snow Lake greenstone belt of northwest Manitoba. The model is applied to a small area mapped at a scale of 1:15,840. The geological map, showing lithological and alteration units, provides the basic input to the model. Spatial proximity to contacts of various kinds are particularly important. Three types of evidence are considered: stratigraphic, heat source, and alteration. The final product is a map showing the relative favorability for VMS deposits. The model is implemented as aFortran program, interfaced with the GIS. The sensitivity of the model to changes in the parameters is evaluated by comparing predicted areas of elevated potential with the spatial distribution of known VMS occurrences.     

Application of Mineral Exploration Models and GIS to Generate Mineral Potential Maps as Input for Optimum Land-Use Planning in the Philippines

The inherent problems of classifying or inventorying potential mineral resources (as opposed to known mineral resources) pose specific challenges. In this paper, the application of a conceptual mineral exploration model and GIS to generate mineral potential maps as input to land-use policy decision-making is illustrated. We implement the criteria provided by a conceptual exploration model for nickeliferous-laterites by using a GIS to classify the nickeliferous-laterite potential of an area in the northeastern part of the Philippines. The spatial data inputs to the GIS are geological map data, topographic map data, and stream sediment point data. Processing of these data yields derivative maps, which are used as indicators of nickeliferous-laterite potential. The indicator maps then are integrated to furnish a nickeliferous-laterite potential map. This map is compared with present land-use classification and policy in the area. The results indicate high potential for nickeliferous-laterite occurrence in the area, but the zones of potential are in places where mineral resources development is prohibited. The prohibition was imposed before the nickeliferous-laterite potential was assessed by this study. Mineral potential classification therefore is a critical input to land-use policy-making so that prospective land is not alienated from future mineral resource development.     

国内基于GIS技术的旅游研究进展

以CNKI数据库为检索源,对国内190篇基于GIS技术的旅游研究文献进行综述和分析。分析表明,目前该领域的研究仍以GIS技术的应用为主,研究内容可概括为对旅游资源和旅游资源使用者(旅游者)的研究。对旅游资源的研究体现在旅游信息系统研究和旅游规划中的GIS应用(包括辅助制图、旅游资源分析和决策支持);对旅游者的研究涉及客流分析和旅游者行为引导等。研究存在的问题主要是GIS基础知识介绍较多,深入研究较少;GIS技术单向应用较多,双向融合和创新型研究较少;研究对象以旅游资源居多,对旅游者的研究较少。未来TGIS可能成为一个新兴的研究领域,研究的关注点将由旅游资源转向旅游者,与虚拟技术的结合将是该领域研究的突破点。     

1989～2013年中国地理信息系统研究综述——基于CSCD的计量分析

以中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）为数据源,采用文献计量分析方法,对1989 ～2013年发表的11 189篇地理信息系统（GIS）领域的研究论文进行统计,分别从发文年度、作者、机构、期刊、     

Application of Artificial Neural Network for Gold–Silver Deposits Potential Mapping: A Case Study of Korea

The aim of this study is to analyze hydrothermal gold–silver mineral deposits potential in the Taebaeksan mineralized district, Korea, using an artificial neural network (ANN) and a geographic information system (GIS) environment. A spatial database considering 46 Au and Ag deposits, geophysical, geological, and geochemical data was constructed for the study area using the GIS. The geospatial factors were used with the ANN to analyze mineral potential. The Au and Ag mineral deposits were randomly divided into a training set (70%) to analyze mineral potential using ANN and a test set (30%) to validate predicted potential map. Four different training datasets determined from likelihood ratio and weight of evidence models were applied to analyze and validate the effect of training. Then, the mineral potential index (MPI) was calculated using the trained back-propagation weights, and mineral potential maps (MPMs) were constructed from GIS data for the four training cases. The MPMs were then validated by comparison with the test mineral occurrences. The validation results gave respective accuracies of 73.06, 73.52, 70.11, and 73.10% for the training cases. The comparison results of some training cases showed less sensitive to training data from likelihood ratio than weight of evidence. Overall, the training cases selected from 10% area with low and high index value of MPM_L and MPM_W gave higher accuracy (73.52 and 73.10%) for MPMs than those (73.06 and 70.11%, respectively) from known deposits and 10% area with low index value of MPI_L and MPI_W.