1990–2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响分析(英文)

The quantity and spatial pattern of farmland has changed in China, which has led to a major change in the production potential under the influence of the national project of ecological environmental protection and rapid economic growth during 1990–2010. In this study, the production potential in China was calculated based on meteorological, terrain elevation, soil and land-use data from 1990, 2000 and 2010 using the Global Agro-ecological Zones model. Then, changes in the production potential in response to farmland changes from 1990 to 2010 were subsequently analyzed. The main conclusions were the following. First, the total production potential was 1.055 billion tons in China in 2010. Moreover, the average production potential was 7614 kg/ha and showed tremendous heterogeneity in spatial pattern. Total production in eastern China was high, whereas that in northwestern China was low. The regions with high per unit production potential were mainly distributed over southern China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Second, the obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity in farmland changes from 1990 to 2010 had a significant influence on the production potential in China. The total production potential decreased in southern China and increased in northern China. Furthermore, the center of growth of the production potential moved gradually from northeastern China to northwestern China. The net decrease in the production potential was 2.97 million tons, which occupied 0.29% of the national total actual production in 2010. Third, obvious differences in the production potential in response to farmland changes from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010 were detected. The net increase in the production potential during the first decade was 10.11 million tons and mainly distributed in the Northeast China Plain and the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. The net decrease in the production potential during the next decade was 13.08 million tons and primarily distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. In general, the reason for the increase in the production potential during the past two decades might be due to the reclamation of grasslands, woodlands and unused land, and the reason for the decrease in the production potential might be urbanization that occupied the farmland and Green for Grain Project, which returned farmland to forests and grasslands.     

未来情境下中国高温的人口暴露度变化及影响因素研究（英文）

Overall population exposure is measured by multiplying the annual average number of extremely hot days by the number of people exposed to the resultant heat. Extreme heat is also subdivided into high temperature(HT) and extremely high temperature(EHT) in cases where daily maximum temperature exceeds 35℃ and 40℃, respectively. Chinese population exposure to HT and EHT over four periods in the future(i.e., 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2060–2081 and 2081–2100) were projected at the grid cell level in this study using daily maximum temperature based on an ensemble mean of 21 global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario and with a population projection based on the A2 r socio-economic scenario. The relative importance of population and climate as drivers of population exposure was evaluated at different spatial scales including national and meteorological geographical divisions. Results show that, compared with population exposure seen during 1981–2010, the base period, exposure to HT in China is likely to increase by 1.3, 2.0, 3.6, and 5.9 times, respectively, over the four periods, while concomitant exposure to EHT is likely to increase by 2.0, 8.3, 24.2, and 82.7 times, respectively. Data show that population exposure to HT is likely to increase significantly in Jianghuai region, Southwest China and Jianghan region, in particular in North China, Huanghuai region, South China and Jiangnan region. Population exposure to EHT is also likely to increase significantly in Southwest China and Jianghan region, especially in North China, Huanghuai, Jiangnan, and Jianghuai regions. Results reveal that climate is the most important factor driving the level of population exposure in Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, and Jiangnan regions, as well as in South and Southwest China, followed by the interactive effect between population and climate. Data show that the climatic factor is also most significant at the national level, followed by the interactive effect between population and climate. The rate of contribution of climate to national-level projected changes in exposure is likely to decrease gradually from ca. 70% to ca. 60%, while the rate of contribution of concurrent changes in both population and climate is likely to increase gradually from ca. 20% to ca. 40% over the four future periods in this analysis.     

1982–2010年中国草地覆盖度变化及其与水热因子耦合性研究(英文)

GIMMS(Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) NDVI(Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) from 1982 to 2006 and MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NDVI from 2001 to 2010 were blended to extract the grass coverage and analyze its spatial pattern. The response of grass coverage to climatic variations at annual and monthly time scales was analyzed. Grass coverage distribution had increased from northwest to southeast across China. During 1982–2010, the mean nationwide grass coverage was 34% but exhibited apparent spatial heterogeneity, being the highest(61.4%) in slope grasslands and the lowest(17.1%) in desert grasslands. There was a slight increase of the grass coverage with a rate of 0.17% per year. Increase in slope grasslands coverage was as high as 0.27% per year, while in the plain grasslands and meadows the grass coverage increase was the lowest(being 0.11% per year and 0.1% per year, respectively). Across China, the grass coverage with extremely significant increase(P0.01) and significant increase(P0.05) accounted for 46.03% and 11% of the total grassland area, respectively, while those with extremely significant and significant decrease accounted for only 4.1% and 3.24%, respectively. At the annual time scale, there are no significant correlations between grass coverage and annual mean temperature and precipitation. However, the grass coverage was somewhat affected by temperature in alpine and sub-alpine grassland, alpine and sub-alpine meadow, slope grassland and meadow, while grass coverage in desert grassland and plain grassland was more affected by precipitation. At the monthly time-scale, there are significant correlations between grass coverage with both temperature and precipitation, indicating that the grass coverage is more affected by seasonal fluctuations of hydrothermal conditions. Additionally, there is one-month time lag-effect between grass coverage and climate factors for each grassland types.     

东北地区未来气候变化对农业气候资源的影响（英文）

In this study, the spatial distribution and changing trends of agricultural heat and precipitation resources in Northeast China were analyzed to explore the impacts of future climate changes on agroclimatic resources in the region. This research is based on the output meteorological data from the regional climate model system for Northeast China from 2005 to 2099, under low and high radiative forcing scenarios RCP4.5(low emission scenario) and RCP8.5(high emission scenario) as proposed in IPCC AR5. Model outputs under the baseline scenario, and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were assimilated with observed data from 91 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010 to perform the analyses. The results indicate that:(1) The spatial distribution of temperature decreases from south to north, and the temperature is projected to increase in all regions, especially under a high emission scenario. The average annual temperature under the baseline scenario is 7.70°C, and the average annual temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 9.67°C and 10.66°C, respectively. Other agricultural heat resources change in accordance with temperature changes. Specifically, the first day with temperatures ≥10°C arrives 3 to 4 d earlier, the first frost date is delayed by 2 to 6 d, and the duration of the growing season is lengthened by 4 to 10 d, and the accumulated temperature increases by 400 to 700°C·d. Water resources exhibit slight but not significant increases.(2) While the historical temperature increase rate is 0.35°C/10 a, the rate of future temperature increase is the highest under the RCP8.5 scenario at 0.48°C/10 a, compared to 0.19°C/10 a under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the later part of this century, the trend of temperature increase is significantly faster under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario, with faster increases in the northern region. Other agricultural heat resources exhibit similar trends as temperature, but with different specific spatial distributions. Precipitation in the growing season generally shows an increasing but insignificant trend in the future, with relatively large yearly fluctuations. Precipitation in the eastern region is projected to increase, while a decrease is expected in the western region. The future climate in Northeast China will change towards higher temperature and humidity. The heat resource will increase globally, however its disparity with the change in precipitation may negatively affect agricultural activities.     

内蒙古植被覆盖度的时空动态变化及其与气候因子的关系(英文)

The vegetation coverage dynamics and its relationship with climate factors on different spatial and temporal scales in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010 were analyzed based on MODIS-NDVI data and climate data.The results indicated that vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia showed obvious longitudinal zonality,increasing from west to east across the region with a change rate of 0.2/10°N.During 2001-2010,the mean vegetation coverage was 0.57,0.4 and 0.16 in forest,grassland and desert biome,respectively,exhibiting evident spatial heterogeneities.Totally,vegetation coverage had a slight increasing trend during the study period.Across Inner Mongolia,the area of which the vegetation coverage showed extremely significant and significant increase accounted for 11.25% and 29.13% of the area of whole region,respectively,while the area of which the vegetation coverage showed extremely significant and significant decrease accounted for 7.65% and 26.61%,respectively.On inter-annual time scale,precipitation was the dominant driving force of vegetation coverage for the whole region.On inter-monthly scale,the change of vegetation coverage was consistent with both the change of temperature and precipitation,implying that the vegetation growth within a year is more sensitive to the combined effects of water and heat rather than either single climate factor.The vegetation coverage in forest biome was mainly driven by temperature on both inter-annual and inter-monthly scales,while that in desert biome was mainly influenced by precipitation on both the two temporal scales.In grassland biome,the yearly vegetation coverage had a better correlation with precipitation,while the monthly vegetation coverage was influenced by both temperature and precipitation.In grassland biome,the impacts of precipitation on monthly vegetation coverage showed time-delay effects.     

Sap-flow measurement and scale transferring from sample trees to entire forest stand of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest in extreme arid region

Understanding how the transpiration of this vegetation type responds to environmental stress is important for determining the wa-ter-balance dynamics of the riparian ecosystem threatened by groundwater depletion. Transpiration and sap flow were measured using the heat-pulse technique. The results were then projected up to the stand level to investigate the stand’s water-use in relation to climate forcing in the desert riparian forest in an extreme arid region. This study took place from April through October 2003 and from May through October 2004. The experimental site was selected in the Populus euphratica Forest Reserve (101o10’ E, 41o59’ N) in Ejina county, in the lower Heihe River basin, China. The sapwood area was used as a scalar to extrapolate the stand-water consumption from the whole trees’ water consumption measured by the heat-pulse velocity recorder (HPVR). Scale transferring from a series of individual trees to a stand was done according to the existing natural variations between trees under given environmental conditions. The application of the biometric parameters available from individual tree and stand levels was proved suitable for this purpose. A significant correlation between the sapwood area and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was found. The prediction model is well fitted by the power model. On the basis of the prediction model, the sapwood area can be cal-culated by DBH. The sap-flow density can then be used to extrapolate the stand-water use by means of a series of mathematical models.     

1998-2008年中国农作物化肥消费的时空分异(英文)

The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country’s large population and improved diets.The crop production guide ’Take Grain as the Key Link’ prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land,leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China.This situation has changed dramatically in recent years.Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008,the temporal and spatial variations of China’s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level,and the results are presented here.(1) Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade,while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer con-sumption by horticultural crops.The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008.Thus,it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops.(2) There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view.The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008.The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average,while the eastern part was lower,with an average of 13.0%,and central China was much higher(50.8%).The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones,which already ac-counted for 77.9% of the national total.Thus,it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions.(3) The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area;the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area.     

Modeling net primary productivity of the terrestrial ecosystem in China from 1961 to 2005简

Net primary productivity （NPP） is the structure and function of the ecosystem. NPP can most important index that represents the be simulated by dynamic global vegetation models （DGVM）, which are designed to represent vegetation dynamics relative to environ- mental change. This study simulated the NPP of China＇s ecosystems based on the DGVM Integrated Biosphere Simulator （IBIS） with data on climate, soil, and topography. The appli- cability of IBIS in the NPP simulation of China＇s terrestrial ecosystems was verified first. Comparison with other relevant studies indicates that the range and mean value of simula- tions are generally within the limits of observations; the overall pattern and total annual NPP are close to the simulations conducted with other models. The simulations are also close to the NPP estimations based on remote sensing. Validation proved that IBIS can be utilized in the large-scale simulation of NPP in China＇s natural ecosystem. We then simulated NPP with climate change data from 1961 to 2005, when warming was particularly striking. The following are the results of the simulation. （1） Total NPP varied from 3.61 GtC/yr to 4.24 GtC/yr in the past 45 years and exhibited minimal significant linear increase or decrease. （2） Regional differences in the increase or decrease in NPP were large but exhibited an insignificant overall linear trend. NPP declined in most parts of eastern and central China, especially in the Loess Plateau. （3） Similar to the fluctuation law of annual NPP, seasonal NPP also displayed an insignificant increase or decrease; the trend line was within the general level. （4） The re- gional differences in seasonal NPP changes were large. NPP declined in spring, summer, and autumn in the Loess Plateau but increased in most parts of the Tibetan Plateau.     

基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.     

中国气温变化对全球变暖停滞的响应（英文）

The 1998–2012 global warming hiatus has aroused great public interest over the past several years. Based on the air temperature measurements from 622 meteorological stations in China, the temperature response to the global warming hiatus was analyzed at national and regional scales. We found that air temperature changed –0.221℃/10 a during 1998–2012, which was lower than the long-term trend for 1960–1998 by 0.427℃/10 a. Therefore, the warming hiatus in China was more pronounced than the global mean. Winter played a dominant role in the nationwide warming hiatus, contributing 74.13%, while summer contributed the least among the four seasons. Furthermore, the warming hiatus was spatial heterogeneous across different climate conditions in China. Comparing the three geographic zones, the monsoon region of eastern China, arid region of northwestern China, and high frigid region of the Tibetan Plateau, there was significant cooling in eastern and northwestern China. In eastern China, which contributed 53.79%, the trend magnitudes were 0.896℃/10 a in winter and 0.134℃/10 a in summer. In the Tibetan Plateau, air temperature increased by 0.204℃/10 a, indicating a lack of a significant warming hiatus. More broadly, the warming hiatus in China may have been associated with the negative phase of PDO and reduction in sunspot numbers and total solar radiation. Finally, although a warming hiatus occurred in China from 1998 to 2012, air temperature rapidly increased after 2012 and will likely to continuously warm in the next few years.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in Chinese Mainland from 1995 to 2008 modeled using DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lights data

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.     

中国城市场强格局演化及空间自相关特征

将城市场强与空间自相关结合起来,研究中国661个城市辐射场强和城市间的互动关联强度。从场强看,北京、上海、广州等超大城市辐射作用增长迅速,已形成全国性的辐射圈层结构;围绕沿海特大城市及武汉、郑州、重庆、成都等中西部的区域中心城市,已具备孵化若干区域级城市群的城市化土壤;在地区尺度范围,全国大量地区性中心城市所形成的辐射场强,则培育了都市区发育的城市化土壤。从互动关联强度看,沿海地区城市间相互作用和互动关联性明显高于内陆地区,不仅促进了珠三角、长三角、环渤海等超级城市群的日趋成熟,而且推动辽中南、山东半岛等次级城市群发展壮大。然而,内陆地区大部分城市目前还处于相对孤立发展状态,城市间互动关联性较弱,城市群发育潜力尚未得到真正激发。     

Spatial and economic effects of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel on the transportation accessibility in China

The Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel (BSCC) is a mega-strategic project that connects the Shandong Peninsula and northeastern China. After half a century of research, this project has entered its preliminary planning phase. Based on the Chinese modern transportation system database, this paper applies Dijkstra's algorithm to study the impacts of the BSCC on the structure of Chinese transportation accessibility and discusses the spatial and temporal changes and the strength of economic linkages among the eight affected coastal urban agglomerations before and after the construction of the BSCC. This study concludes that: (1) the BSCC will open up a northeast–southwest traffic artery in coastal areas of China that will significantly improve the transportation accessibility of both these coastal areas and northeastern China as a whole, which cover an area of 2.18 million km², and on average will reduce the travel time of nationwide prefecture-level cities by 16 min; (2) the BSCC will significantly improve the total economic linkages (TELs) of urban agglomerations of the Central South Liaoning, the Shandong Peninsula and the Harbin–Changchun transport link and will decrease the spatial differences in the strength of cities' economic linkages, which will benefit the integration of the Bohai Economic Circle; (3) the BSCC will eliminate the segregation between the two coastal economic groups brought about by the Bohai Strait. This will promote the revitalization of the old industrial base in northeastern China by expanding the radiation scope of the Yangtze River Delta and the Shandong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait into northeastern China. Additionally, the BSCC will enhance the economic linkages between urban agglomerations in northeastern China and the western shore of the southeastern coast, Pearl River Delta, and North Gulf of Guangxi on the southeastern coast. Finally, it will create northeast–southwest economic integration in these coastal areas. This research will assist decision-making for the BSCC project and other cross-sea tunnels in China.     

劳动力成本上升与中国制造业空间转移

采用中国规模以上工业企业数据,建立面板数据回归模型,研究了劳动力成本上升对制造业空间转移的影响,主要有以下研究结论：① 劳动力成本提升已成为推动中国制造业空间转移的重要影响因素。2004年以前发达地区相对较高的工资水平并未影响到产业集聚,但是2004年以后较高的工资水平开始推动制造业企业向工资水平较低的地区迁移,但出口型企业与满足国内市场需求的制造业企业体现出了不同的转移路线。② 2004年以前中国制造业总体上不断向长三角、珠三角以及山东半岛等地区集中,2004年以后制造业开始向沿海相对较为落后的江苏北部、山东中西部以及中国中西部地区迁移,满足国内市场需求的制造业企业是向中西部地区迁移的主体,出口型企业由长三角和珠三角向东部地区的山东半岛和辽东半岛等交通条件较好的地区迁移。③ 东部地区产业升级缓慢。尽管产业向外转移,但东部沿海地区的产业尤其是满足国内市场需求的制造业企业仍然以劳动力驱动为主,资本驱动的特征并不明显。但出口型企业的发展率先表现出了资本驱动的特征。     

中国制造业企业500强总部区位特征分析

通过对2008中国制造业企业500强相关数据分析,揭示出中国大中型企业总部的区位特征,并解释了企业总部区位特征的影响因素。研究发现,500强总部主要集中于沿海三大经济区,以及长江、黄河沿线区域,并以京津冀、长三角、珠三角和山东地区占主导地位;中国特大城市是企业总部的重要集聚地,北京、上海、天津和深圳具有较强的总部控制能力。影响企业总部区位的因素包括城市规模、市场容量、国内外投资、金融能力、科技水平、基础设施和城市区位等,其中,城市经济实力具有较强解释性,以北京、上海、深圳为核心的中国沿海发达地区,凭借此方面区位优势吸引着企业总部进一步集聚。     

我国创意产业发展的支撑条件评价及空间发展战略

创意产业从提出开始,就引起世界高度关注,并成为各国竞相发展的战略性产业。在新一轮的全球竞争中,各国纷纷把发展创意产业作为提升国家经济实力和软实力的重要途径。本文通过对国内外创意产业发展的空间分布特征及影响因素的梳理,总结创意产业发展的支撑条件,进一步构建了创意产业发展支撑条件的评价指标体系。运用主成分分析法对中国35个主要中心城市创意产业发展支撑条件进行了定量评价,并提出现阶段我国创意产业发展的空间战略:因地制宜、发挥特色、科学规划;聚焦若干重点创意产业集聚区的发展,增强集聚效应;强化以珠三角、长三角、京津冀三大创意产业集聚区的龙头带动作用;鼓励中西部地区以区域性中心城市为依托,将创意产业与本地产业升级的带动作用结合起来,形成各具特色的区域性创意中心。     

中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构

在既有理论基础上扩展了城市群多中心网络的度量工具,考察中国12个城市群总部—分支机构的企业关联网络,比较梳理了地级城市空间联系的拓扑结构。实证研究发现：①包括长三角、珠三角和京津冀三大典型城市群在内,中国城市群内部网络系统的拓扑结构依然发育不完善,在联系数据方面均呈现出一定的稀疏矩阵特征,空间组合关系均为树状结构。②总部区位(出度)的层级性差异均高于分支机构区位(入度)的层级性差异,显示出城市群内部空间“流”的不对称性。③针对12个城市群内部网络的拓扑结构聚类分析表明：长三角、珠三角、京津冀、山东半岛、海峡西岸地区的城市群内部网络联系较为紧密,呈现出一定程度的一体化网络特征;其中三大典型城市群存在明显的企业总部集聚核心,其余城市群内部的网络联系松散,跨城企业联系比重较低,在拓扑结构上大多呈现出以省会或副省级城市为指向的向心式联系。     

渤海海峡跨海通道建设对山东半岛、辽东半岛城市经济联系的影响研究

渤海海峡跨海通道建设将极大地改善环渤海地区的交通格局,势必会对山东半岛、辽东半岛城市间的经济联系产生深远的影响。通过对区域经济联系引力模型进行修正,选取山东半岛城市群8个城市和辽中南城市群10个城市的地区生产总值、市区非农人口、城市间的时间距离以及克鲁格曼指数等指标,测度了渤海海峡跨海通道建设对两半岛城市间经济联系的影响。结论表明,渤海海峡跨海通道建设将大幅提升两半岛城市经济联系强度,明显改变两半岛城市经济联系空间格局,其潜在的无形中的影响是巨大的。所测算的经济联系量值用于两半岛城市间经济联系的影响研究具有一定的参考价值。     

中国人口密度数字模拟

运用基于格点生成法的人口密度空间分布模拟模型,通过运行净第一性生产力空间分布、数字高程、城市规模及其空间分布和交通基础设施空间分布等数据集,模拟了中国人口密度的空间分布规律。模拟结果表明,人口密度的最高值集中在北京、上海和郑州之间的三角区 (BSZ) 及珠江三角洲地区;同时,这个BSZ峰值三角区有发展为以上海-南京-杭州大都市密集区、武汉市、西安市、北京-天津-唐山大都市密集区和沈阳-大连大都市密集区为顶点的五角形峰值区的趋势,珠江三角洲峰值区也正在向外围地区扩展。     

中国东部沿海城市密集区效率的时空差异与收敛性分析

基于SBM-DEA模型分析了东部沿海地区的辽中南、京津冀、山东半岛、长三角、海峡西岸、珠三角和北部湾城市密集区113个城市效率的空间差异,然后用Malmquist 指数揭示了城市效率的全要素生产率（Total factor productivity, TFP）的动态变化,并对其做了绝对收敛性分析。结果表明：（1）中国东部沿海7大城市密集区的城市效率普遍较低,存在较大的改进空间。有效率的城市只有北京市、上海市、深圳市、广州市和东莞市5个。各城市密集区中珠三角城市密集区效率最高,其次为京津冀城市密集区,其它依次为海峡西岸、北部湾、长三角、辽中南和山东半岛城市密集区。（2）7大城市密集区都存在投入要素冗余与产出不足。其中,资本和技术要素投入产出率较低,使用方式比较粗放;相对而言,人力和土地要素的投入产出的效率高,使用方式比较集约。各城市密集区投入冗余状况比较相近,而产出不足方面则差异较大。各城市密集区在总体经济效益和社会公众收益方面,仍有较大提升空间。（3）2003-2014年,中国东部沿海城市密集区城市效率的TFP整体上为上升趋势,技术进步对城市效率TFP提高的贡献更大。北部湾城市密集区尤其应重视生产技术水平的提高。（4）辽中南、长三角、海峡西岸和北部湾城市密集区同时存在σ收敛和绝对β收敛,存在俱乐部收敛现象。除京津冀和珠三角城市密集区外,其他城市密集区城市效率TFP差异会逐步自动消失。