河口滑坡治理工程的探讨和设计

在考察了河口县城城区重大滑坡灾害的基础上，本文深入探讨了滑坡产生的机理；分析了治理方案的可能性；作为总结，对已失稳区所作的处理及岩石锚杆墙的设计和经济比较作了介绍。     

三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究

赵树岭滑坡是三峡工程库区的重要滑坡，其稳定性直接关系到巴东新县城沿江大道的安全，并对新县城土地利用意义重大。在阐述赵树岭滑坡基本特征的基础上，运用水岩耦合三维有限元数值方法模拟了滑坡稳定性，预测了三峡水库蓄水后滑坡稳定性发展趋势和渗流特征。研究表明，水库蓄水及水位波动是影响滑坡稳定性的主要因素，三峡水库蓄水后，滑坡将发生局部失稳，必须加以治理，提出了滑坡防治的原则与对策。     

三峡水库水位波动条件下滑坡抗滑工程效果的数值研究

抗滑桩是三峡库区滑坡治理工程中常用的措施,在三峡水库长期的周期性水位波动条件下,抗滑桩工程效果如何,即是否能够保证滑坡的整体稳定,是目前迫切需要研究的重要课题。选择三峡库区巴东县新县城的谭家坪滑坡次级滑坡-白水沟滑坡为研究对象,在分析工程地质条件和设计资料的基础上,建立二维有限元计算模型,选择合理的岩土力学参数和桩计算参数;利用ANSYS 软件,依据不同的模拟方案,分别模拟分析了滑坡在仅考虑自重、自重加暴雨在水位变化条件下的变形和稳定性状况以及抗滑桩的工程效果,即滑坡在设桩条件下的变形和稳定情况。结果表明：①白水沟滑坡破坏机理为牵引式。在暴雨和水位下降条件下,滑坡稳定性降低;周期性水位变化后,滑坡稳定性逐步下降,最终失稳;②依据自重和暴雨工况,考虑175 m降至145 m水位进行的抗滑桩设计,起到了明显的抗滑效果。③周期性水位波动后,滑坡变形破坏逐步加剧,说明抗滑桩虽然起到了的抗滑作用,但阻滑效果逐步下降。因此,在滑坡抗滑工程设计时应考虑该因素的影响,适当提高安全储备。     

库水位波动条件下不同桩位抗滑桩抗滑稳定性研究

水库滑坡抗滑桩治理设计工作中,桩位的合理选择直接关系到工程安全和造价。以张桓候庙园区东侧滑坡为例,在分析滑坡地质条件的基础上,依据三峡水库实际运行条件进行不同桩位滑坡变形规律及稳定性变化规律的GeoStudio数值模拟研究。结果表明：①库水位上升时,滑坡前缘位移减小,后缘位移增大。滑坡前缘在水位下降和最低水位时出现位移极大值;滑坡后缘在水位上升和最高水位时出现位移极大值。②对滑坡后缘位移最有效的控制桩位为位于地面高程175 m的下滑段接近滑坡最大推力区域的桩位Ⅰ,对前缘和中部位移最有效的控制桩位是位于距滑坡剪出口130 m阻滑段的桩位Ⅱ,最优桩位是桩位Ⅱ。考虑水位波动的影响,提出了对现有抗滑桩设计的设计安全系数修正方法,为水库滑坡抗滑桩设计提供参考。     

基于模型试验的滑坡防治微型桩设计方法

通过开展微型桩与滑坡相互作用的大型物理模型试验,总结滑坡作用下微型桩的性状,在试验结果的基础上提出一种微型桩防治滑坡的设计方法。试验结果表明:微型桩的破坏是因滑面处的桩体抗弯剪能力不足引起的,桩身混凝土破碎后,微型桩抗滑机理由抗弯、抗剪转为钢筋抗拉; 群桩中各排桩的水平变位无明显差异,各排桩所受的滑坡推力沿滑坡滑动方向逐渐减小。基于试验结果,提出一种微型桩防治滑坡的设计方法,按微型桩在滑面处抗剪进行设计,同时考虑了各排桩所受滑坡推力的不均匀分布。     

基于土拱效应的抗滑桩与护壁桩的桩间距分析

抗滑桩与护壁桩分别在滑坡治理和基坑支护中发挥着巨大的作用 ,其实施正是利用了土中的成拱效应 ,然而传统桩的设计虽考虑土拱效应的存在 ,但桩间距确定理论与方法并未建立起来。本文首先基于土体的极限平衡条件对滑坡推力作用下的土体中的成拱作用进行研究 ,得出了抗滑桩的最大桩间距公式 ,并以某一具体工程为例 ,对该最大桩间距的物理意义和可用性进行了讨论。在此基础上 ,给出了在考虑土拱效应的情况下合理桩间距的确定方法 ,并以此为据 ,对边坡加固设计提出一些建议.     

基于GIS的巴东新县城滑坡灾害风险系统

本文提出了基于GIS的滑坡灾害风险预测系统流程。并将滑坡灾害风险评价模型与GIS技术先进的图形处理和空间分析功能相结合,建立了巴东县新县城区滑坡灾害风险预测系统。系统由信息管理子系统、危险性预测子系统、易损性预测子系统、风险预测子系统四大子系统构成。系统在对相关信息进行采集、存贮、检索和管理的基础上,结合物元模型、BP模型等专业预测模型,实现了滑坡灾害危险性、易损性评价,最终取得了滑坡灾害风险分布图,为三峡库区内各县的滑坡灾害信息管理和风险预测提供了新途径。预测成果可为研究区的国土规划和移民工程的顺利实施提供依据和保障。     

南昆铁路八渡(K343)滑坡抗滑桩检测与失稳分析

以一维弹性杆理论为基础，简要地叙述了声波测桩的基本原理，分析了应变波在桩身中的传播过程。论述了CE2001工程仪测桩的工作方法及在南昆铁路八渡滑坡抗滑桩检测的应用实例，通过对八渡滑坡抗滑桩的长度、强度及完整性的检测，认为抗滑桩失效的主要原因不是抗滑桩强度，而是桩深不够且多数植于不稳定的强风化岩层中；此外，地震和地质雷达检测出滑坡层面，主要发生在砂岩强风化层上部与松散层底部，进一步说明原抗滑桩为悬浮桩。这为滑坡地带重新构筑抗滑桩设计提供了理论依据。     

抗滑桩在滑坡治理工程中的应用实践研究

新县位于河南南部大别山腹地,山高坡陡,属滑坡等地质灾害高易发区。滑坡灾害形成机理复杂,其防治技术选择的影响因素很多,如何正确圈定滑坡范围,确定滑坡特征、类型及发展强度,采取先进、经济有效的措施,需要进一步研究和探索。新县土坯凹滑坡属于浅层残坡积层、牵引式滑坡,根据其边界特征及规模、岩土特征,通过滑坡推理定量分析计算,采用三排抗滑桩,结合挡墙、截排水、削坡减载等方案对新县土坯凹滑坡进行治理,提出抗滑桩设计方法、施工工艺,并对抗滑桩施工的优缺点进行分析总结,对同区域、同类型滑坡的治理具有借鉴意义。     

滑坡治理中的抗滑桩设计

抗滑桩因其抗滑能力强,适用条件广泛,对滑坡的根治性能好等突出优点而被广泛地应用于滑坡治理中。但由于以往“表格”计算方式的限制,在其设计应用中存在一些不尽如人意的地方。对滑坡治理中抗滑桩的应用、桩身形变、内力、钢筋混凝土桩的结构设计进行分析,给出了不同地基系数条件下的桩内力表达式、不同位移及转角边界条件下桩身变形,以及钢筋混凝土桩的结构形式。编制了从滑坡推力计算至桩结构设计的全套应用程序,从而使抗滑桩的分析快捷、准确、实用性更强。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)