卤水浸泡后盐岩声发射特征试验研究

为了研究盐穴能源地下储库建造过程中,腔体围岩处在地温、卤水和地应力地质环境中盐岩的损伤演化特点,利用声发射技术分析盐岩受不同温度的饱和卤水作用后的单轴压缩损伤破坏过程。试验发现：在一定温度的饱和卤水中浸泡30 d后盐岩的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量有所降低,但降低的平均幅度很小;卤水对盐岩主要表现为溶蚀作用,而浸泡弱化作用非常小;单轴压缩过程中盐岩的应力-应变曲线与声发射-应变曲线具有较好的一致性,卤水浸泡后盐岩的累计声发射数随卤水的温度升高略有增加;卤水作用后盐岩试件的声发射率和累计数要小于无卤水作用盐岩;盐穴建造期盐岩受一定温度的卤水作用后盐岩的强度将出现一定弱化,但卤水也会促进损伤盐岩体的重结晶恢复,盐岩的这种特性有利于盐穴建造期安全和稳定。     

单轴压缩下两类脆性岩石声发射特征试验研究

本文主要研究花岗岩和砂岩两种脆性岩石的详细声发射特征。通过对花岗岩和砂岩样品进行单轴压缩试验,并在试验过程中监测样品破裂全程的声发射信号。对试验结果的分析包含了力学特性分析和声发射特性分析,声发射特性分析使用了多种参数:累积声发射计数、累积声发射能量、AF值、RA值、b值。研究主要获得了如下结果:（1）获取了岩石样品的变形参数与强度参数,并分析了其离散性;（2）岩石样品内部颗粒的胶结强度与结构的均匀性对累积声发射计数、累积声发射能量的影响;（3）需要通过进一步试验研究来确认采用AF和RA值来区分岩石类材料张拉和剪切裂纹模式的合理性及其阈值;（4）砂岩样品在接近破坏时,微裂缝活动仍然占据主导地位。文章对脆性岩石样品在单轴压缩条件下的力学特性和声发射特性进行了详尽细致的分析,发现了单轴压缩条件下脆性岩石的一些重要特性,为进一步的试验研究工作提供了基础。     

单轴压缩下两种脆性岩石强度及声发射特性的试验研究

脆性对岩石破裂机制及声发射特性具有重要影响。采用花岗岩及大理岩两种不同岩性的岩石,开展了单轴压缩及声发射测试试验,获取了两种岩石的强度及变形特性,并对其脆性大小进行定量评价,分析了单轴压缩过程中两种岩石声发射能量演化特性,结合声发射b值计算结果及其物理意义,对比了两种岩石破裂机制的差异性。结果表明:(1)试验所采用的两种岩石,花岗岩的σ_cd/σ_p之比介于0.676~0.745之间,平均为0.706,而大理岩的σ_cd/σ_p之比介于0.439~0.615,平均为0.52;(2)基于脆性评价指标,结合试样宏观破坏现象及形态,本次试验采用的花岗岩其脆性大于大理岩;(3)岩石脆性程度越大,在裂纹不稳定扩展阶段,在产生相同的轴向压缩变形的情况下,环向变形量越大;(4)强脆性的花岗岩在裂纹不稳定扩展阶段持续出现高能级的声发射信号,而弱脆性的大理岩则表现出能量持续降低的变化趋势,峰值强度后,弱脆性的大理岩其高能级能量的声发射信号更活跃;(5)单轴压缩下,与大理岩相比,花岗岩破坏过程中大尺度的破裂事件所占比例较大。     

Effects of size and strain rate on the mechanical behaviors of rock specimens under uniaxial compression

Size and strain rate are two key factors that dramatically influence the estimation of rock mechanical behaviors. To better understand the effects of size and strain rate on measured rocks, rock specimens with six different sizes were tested at six different strain rates under uniaxial compression using the MTS 815 Rock Mechanics Test System. Having determined that the size and strain rate significantly affect the peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, acoustic emission (AE), and failure pattern of the rock specimens, the relation was established between the strength and the size and strain rate of red sandstone. And the variation was revealed among the size and strain rate, the AE, and the failure pattern. It turned out that the peak stress was negatively correlated with the rock size and was positively correlated with the strain rate. When the length to diameter ratio (L/D) of the rock specimen was less than 2.0, the AE appeared mildly. The AE quantities gradually increased before the peak stress, and then sharply decreased after the peak stress. The failure pattern of the rock specimen was relatively complicated, with a fracture plane appearing along the axial direction. Conical failure type was also presented. When the L/D ratio of the specimen was greater than 2.0, the AE characteristics of red sandstone showed the radical model. There were relatively few AE rings before the peak stress. But the AE rings increased suddenly and dramatically during the peak stress. The rock specimens primarily failed with a single shear plane. Moreover, with an increase in the strain rate, the AE activities were enhanced and the AE quantities increased. When the strain rate of the rock specimen was less than 5.0?×?10^?4/s, the rock specimen failed with a shear or tensile-shear pattern. And when the strain rate was greater than 5.0?×?10^?4/s, the rock specimen tended to fail in a conical pattern.     

单轴压缩下高温后砂岩的声发射特征

通过在单轴压缩下实施的声发射测试,研究焦作砂岩受20～1 200 ℃温度作用后的声发射演变过程;结合不同温度下砂岩的力学性质,通过声发射参数分析研究砂岩在不同受力阶段的声发射特点。研究表明：400 ℃以内温度对砂岩的声发射影响不太明显,在100 ℃后和600 ℃后声发射振铃累计数均发生急剧变化,100 ℃是砂岩裂纹扩展发育的门槛值,600 ℃后砂岩内部结构成分发生了变化,声发射现象较为明显。600～1 200 ℃时,砂岩呈现出明显的脆塑性转变现象,高温导致声发射信号的时间有所推迟,声发射信号增长率不断上升。1 200 ℃后,砂岩释放密集的声发射信号,呈现出塑性破坏特征。     

自然与饱水状态下砂岩压缩破坏力学特性及声发射特征

为研究自然与饱水状态下不同粒径砂岩损伤破坏过程中的力学特性和声发射特征,对自然和饱水状态下3种粒径砂岩进行单轴压缩试验和声发射试验,研究其单轴应力状态下力学特性和声发射特征。试验结果表明:在自然状态下,粗粒砂岩平均抗压强度为54.23 MPa,中粒砂岩为53.56 MPa,细粒砂岩为59.46 MPa;饱水后,粗粒砂岩平均抗压强度为35.62 MPa;中粒砂岩为31.79 MPa,细粒砂岩为29.10 MPa。饱水后,粗粒砂岩、中粒砂岩和细粒砂岩的弹性模量分别降低19.6%、32.7%和33.7%;泊松比分别增加9.6%、10.4%和19.5%。所有试样各阶段声发射能量曲线变化趋势与各阶段受力破坏程度具有较高的一致性,声发射能量峰值都出现在应力峰值附近,其中饱水后弹性变形阶段声发射总能量发生不同程度的减少,粗粒砂岩为67.4%,中粒砂岩为32.4%,细粒砂岩为29.3%。饱水试样损伤演化阶段较自然状态声发射总能量发生明显下降,粗粒砂岩最为明显,降幅为73.5%,中粒砂岩为36.0%,细粒砂岩为62.0%。饱水后失稳破裂阶段声发射能量值较自然状态依旧出现不同程度的减少,粗粒砂岩为30.7%,中粒砂岩为29.5%,细粒砂岩为38.3%。砂岩饱水后力学特性与声发射特征变化是试样微观结构变化在宏观层面的体现;用砂岩单轴破坏过程中声发射能量峰值可以很好地表征砂岩脆性,将为岩石脆性研究提供新的思路。      

基于颗粒离散元模型的不同加载速率下花岗岩数值试验研究

不同加载速率条件下岩石的力学特性,对于其动载下破裂内在机制的研究具有积极的意义。基于颗粒流理论,通过黏结颗粒模型（bonded particle model,简称BPM）虚拟实现不同加载速率0.001～0.500 m/s下花岗岩单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验,定量分析加载速率对应力-应变、破裂形态、应变能率及声发射的影响。结果表明：单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度及其对应峰值应变随加载速率增加而非线性增长;单轴压缩作用下,随加载速率增加,试样由单一斜截面破坏向多斜截面破坏转变,且主控裂隙带宽度急剧增大,由裂纹数量及水平向高应变率区域变化规律可明显看出,试样破坏程度随着加载速率增加而逐渐加剧;巴西劈裂作用下试样从一条主控裂隙向多条主控裂隙转变,且裂纹向圆盘试样两侧边缘部分延伸,破坏程度加剧;单轴压缩和巴西劈裂作用下,声发射事件及应变能率均随加载速率增加而呈现出非线性增长趋势。     

岩石声速与其损伤及声发射关系研究

首先,建立了单轴压缩过程岩石损伤参量、应变与声速之间的定量关系式,分析了不同均质度对单轴压缩过程岩石声速的影响,结果表明,随着均匀度的增加,单轴压缩过程中声速由平缓变化到急剧变化,这与已有的岩石声发射数值模拟分析结果是一致的;其次,根据建立的声速与应变的关系公式,通过单轴压缩过程岩石声速与应变实测结果的回归分析,得到了具有较高精度的回归方程,从而通过试验验证了所建立的关系式的正确性;最后,从损伤的角度讨论了单轴压缩过程岩石声速与声发射的关系,得出了Kaiser点应位于声速初始下降点附近的结论,为岩石声发射测量地应力试验中Kaiser点的确定提供了新的方法。     

Influence of Sample Height-to-Width Ratios on Failure Mode for Rectangular Prism Samples of Hard Rock Loaded In Uniaxial Compression

Surface-parallel slabbing is a failure mode often observed in highly stressed hard rocks in underground excavations. This paper presents the results of experimental studies on slabbing failure of hard rock with different sample height-to-width ratios. The main purpose of this study was to find out the condition to create slabbing failure under uniaxial compression and to determine the slabbing strength of hard rock in the laboratory. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out using five groups of granite specimens. The mechanical parameters of the sample rock, Iddefjord granite from Norway, were measured on the cylindrical and Brazilian disc specimens. The transition of the failure mode was studied using rectangular prism specimens. The initiation and the propagation of slabbing fractures in specimens were identified by examining the relationship among the applied stress, strain and the acoustic emission. The stress thresholds identified were compared to those reported by other authors for crack initiation and brittle failure. It is observed that the macro failure mode will be transformed from shear to slabbing when the height/width ratio is reduced to 0.5 in the prism specimens under uniaxial compression. Micro σ ₁-parallel fractures initiate when the lateral strain departs from its linearity. Slabbing fractures are approximately parallel to the loading direction. Labotatory tests show that the slabbing strength (σ _sl) of hard rock is about 60% of its uniaxial compression strength. It means that if the maximum tangential stress surrounding an underground excavation reaches about the slabbing threshold, slabbing fractures may take place on the boundary of the excavation. Therefore, the best way to stop or eliminate slabbing failure is to control the excavation boundary to avoid the big stress concentration, so that the maximum tangential stress could be under the slabbing threshold.     

An Integrated Study of the Dynamics of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Regimes During Failure of Complex Macrosystems Using Rock Blocks

The development of the failure process in complex macrosystems using large rock samples subjected to biaxial compression has been studied by means of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and acoustic emission (AE). In order to increase the stage of macrofailure development, a special procedure of rock loading was used to reveal regularities of nucleation and evolution of electromagnetic and acoustic structures. The synchronised measurements of EMR and AE allowed the control of the stress–strain state in the rocks and the structural developments of fracturing. Non-homogeneous distribution of the rock spatial crystalline structure subject to load leads to a mosaic distribution of EMR and AE characteristics. As a result, the crack scale effect may be observed in the EMR and AE structure behaviours. The EMR and AE following the failure at different levels behave differently according to the difference in the scale and type of cracks. Intense high-frequency EMR pulses were recorded during the initial stage of microcrack generation occurring prior to major failure of material. This was not the case for AE. The nucleation and development of the macroscopic progressive failure evolution caused an alternation in energetic and frequencial properties of electromagnetic and acoustic events. It has been detected that the tensile cracks were more efficient than shear cracks in capacity of EMR generation. The analysis of self potentials allowed reaching the maximum of registered anomalous variations in the stage of microcracking interaction. This stage showed an increase in the EMR activity, which implies the nucleation of microcracks in various regions of rock interfaces. The gradual accumulation of these defects led to weakening some parts of the rock along with a disintegration of electric anomalies, increase of AE and a significant fluctuation in the rate of EMR. When crack concentration attains its critical value, which results in the formation of dangerous macroscopic failure of higher level, AE shows an intense activity as well as an EMR lower frequency. The hierarchical development of rock failure using the ratio of the average crack size and the mean distance between cracks as a statistical concentration criterion is used to control the boundary of the transition from small dispersed cracks accumulation to gradual crack merger and the formation of the main macrofailure. These results could be transferred into larger scale levels to forecast dynamic events in the earth crust.     

基于小波包分析的岩石声发射测量地应力

根据目前岩石声发射确定Kaiser点存在的问题采用小波包分析研究方法,在单轴加载岩石声发射试验的基础上,首先提出了基于小波包变换的Kaiser点信号的信噪分离方法,其次确定了Kaiser点信号的频率范围,最后利用小波包分析对岩石声发射信号的能量分布特征进行研究,得到了砂岩Kaiser点信号的特征频带。结果表明,小波包分析是处理岩石声发射Kaiser点信号的一种有效的方法,进而为AE法测量地应力确定Kaiser点奠定了一定的试验基础。     

不同类型储层岩石三轴压缩变形破裂与声发射特征研究

随着页岩气开采、废水回注和CO₂地质封存工程活动的进行,储层应力环境改变诱发地震的问题得到广泛关注,研究储层岩石变形破裂和声发射规律对于理解诱发地震活动具有重要意义。本文选取了页岩、致密砂岩和白云岩开展三轴压缩声发射试验,获取了空间裂缝形态,揭示了不同类型储层岩石的变形破裂过程和声发射特征。结果表明:(1)页岩的扩容应力与峰值应力比最高,其次为白云岩和致密砂岩,表明页岩主要发生脆性破坏。(2)岩石结构对裂缝扩展和强度具有明显影响,页岩层理发育,抗压强度和裂缝形态各向异性显著。当层理角度为0°时,试样发生剪切-拉张复合型破坏。当层理角度为30°和60°时,试样主要发生剪切破坏。当层理角度增大至90°时,试样主要发生拉张破坏。致密砂岩破裂形成剪切主裂缝,白云岩形成两条剪切主裂缝和微裂缝。(3)不同类型储层岩石破裂过程声发射特征差异显著。页岩在扩容应力点附近有少量声发射活动,达到峰值应力时,声发射活动迅速增强。致密砂岩仅在破裂瞬间有少量声发射活动。相比之下,白云岩在裂缝非稳定扩展阶段和峰后阶段声发射活动显著。因此,在工程实践中需要根据微震监测调整施工措施,避免页岩作为储盖层发生脆性破坏和白云岩储层改造诱发地震。     

冻融温变速率对岩石受载特性的影响规律

以贺兰山岩画、云冈石窟等中常见的硅质胶结砂岩为研究对象,对不同温变速率冻融后岩样进行称重、超声波测试和单轴压缩试验,探究了冻融后岩石物理力学性质随冻融温变速率的变化规律;根据冻融后岩石受载过程中的声发射和微震特征,揭示了温变速率对冻融后岩石内部不同尺度裂纹扩展的影响规律及其内在机制。研究表明：（1）随着温变速率增加,岩样冻融后的微裂纹增多,颗粒间联结强度减弱,峰值强度、弹性模量降低,破坏应变及损伤参量D_e、D_v增大;（2）冻融岩石受载过程中,微裂纹具有“初始压密―扩展孕育―急速扩展”的演化特征,宏观裂纹演化过程可分为“匀速扩展－急速扩展”两个阶段,其中宏观裂纹的急速扩展阶段还呈现出“孕育－扩展－再孕育－再扩展”的波浪式发展特点;温变速率越大,冻融后岩石受载过程中的微裂纹、宏观裂纹扩展越快,且更易于进入急速扩展阶段;当温变速率增大到一定数值后,微裂纹、宏观裂纹从加载开始即以较高速率扩展,直至岩样破坏;（3）微裂纹孕育阶段和加载全过程的声发射振铃相对增长速率,以及宏观裂纹匀速扩展阶段的相对时长、微震振铃相对增长速率均与损伤参量D_e、D_v具有较好的拟合关系,能够反映冻融循环对岩石的初始损伤作用;（4）冻胀力随温变速率增加而增大,导致不同温变速率冻融后岩样的初始损伤不同,这是引起冻融后岩石受载过程中裂纹扩展、声震特性出现显著差异的内在原因。     

不同粒径黄砂岩微观−宏观裂纹演化机制研究

为了探讨粒径对黄砂岩微观-宏观裂纹演化机制的影响,系统地开展了不同粒径黄砂岩单轴压缩声发射试验。基于声发射监测技术以及震源机制反演方法,对岩石变形破坏过程中微裂纹演化机制进行了研究,同时利用电镜扫描技术与几何分形理论,对破坏后的砂岩表面裂隙宏观形态及试件断口的微观形貌特征进行了分析。试验结果表明：粒径的大小、胶结物类型的不同均可影响岩石强度,通过室内试验得出随着黄砂岩粒径的逐渐增大,其峰值应力呈逐渐下降的变化趋势;对比不同粒径黄砂岩试件变形破坏过程中的声发射改进 b 值（ bI 值）与平均声发射能率,所有试件峰值破坏前平均声发射能率均存在“激增”与“激降”现象,且声发射 bI 值在砂岩试件达到峰值破坏时下降到最小值,该现象可以作为岩石的失稳破坏前兆特征;随着构岩矿物颗粒粒径的增大,岩石内部微裂纹的破坏模式由张拉型为主导向剪切型为主导进行转变;破坏后岩样表面宏观裂隙的分形维数随着岩石粒径的增加呈现下降的变化趋势,即粒径大小对岩石表面宏观裂隙演化过程具有一定控制作用。     

循环载荷下含水砂岩裂纹演化与损伤特征试验研究

基于矿井地下水库岩体频繁受到矿震、采动应力等循环荷载扰动这一工程背景,在实验室条件下开展了不同含水率砂岩单轴及循环加卸载试验,采用数字散斑技术,揭示了不同含水率砂岩裂纹扩展及破坏规律,基于电镜扫描微观分析,获得了循环载荷下不同含水砂岩微观劣化机制。试验结果表明：单轴及循环加卸载条件下,随着含水率增大,砂岩峰值强度均逐渐降低。干燥砂岩峰值轴向应变经历初始变形、等速变形、加速变形和失稳破坏4个阶段,含水砂岩经历初始变形、等速变形和失稳破坏3个阶段;随着含水率的增大,对应阶段内峰值轴向应变逐渐减小。通过变形率分析法验证发现,水对砂岩的变形记忆特性并无影响。单轴循环加卸载条件下,砂岩的破坏模式由干燥时的张拉−劈裂破坏逐渐向拉−剪混合破坏过渡,至饱和状态时呈现单一的剪切破坏。电镜扫描结果表明,随含水率增大,破裂结构面逐渐由光滑结构、浑圆状结构、片状结构向完全破碎结构过渡。随着含水率增大,绝对损伤参数不断增大,从侧面反映水岩耦合损伤的正相关性;累计损伤参数累积速率更快,同一循环周次下,累计损伤参数也更大。     

Experimental Study of the Brittle Behavior of Clay shale in Rapid Unconfined Compression

The mechanical behavior of clay shales is of great interest in many branches of geo-engineering, including nuclear waste disposal, underground excavations, and deep well drilling. Observations from test galleries (Mont Terri, Switzerland and Bure, France) in these materials have shown that the rock mass response near the excavation is associated with brittle failure processes combined with bedding parallel shearing. To investigate the brittle failure characteristics of the Opalinus Clay recovered from the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory, a series of 19 unconfined uniaxial compression tests were performed utilizing servo-controlled testing procedures. All specimens were tested at their natural water content with loading approximately normal to the bedding. Acoustic emission (AE) measurements were utilized to help quantify stress levels associated with crack initiation and propagation. The unconfined compression strength of the tested specimens averaged 6.9 MPa. The crack initiation threshold occurred at approximately 30% of the rupture stress based on analyzing both the acoustic emission measurements and the stress–strain behavior. The crack damage threshold showed large variability and occurred at approximately 70% of the rupture stress.     

含预制单裂隙花岗岩的真三轴单面临空岩爆试验研究

通过开展含预制单裂隙花岗岩的真三轴单面临空岩爆试验,并利用高速摄像系统和声发射（acoustic emission,简称AE）系统监测岩爆过程,探究了不同产状裂隙岩石的破坏模式、强度变形和声发射演化特性,分析了裂隙产状与岩爆过程及弹射动能之间的关系,对比了含裂隙岩石岩爆发生机制与无裂隙完整岩石的差异。有关力学特性的分析表明,随着裂隙倾角的减小,岩样破坏模式大体呈现由“内剪外劈”向“Z型斜剪”变化的趋势,裂隙对岩石强度的削弱作用不断增大。当裂隙倾角小于30°时,岩石峰值应力普遍仅为完整岩样的一半左右;小倾角裂隙的长度越大,岩样岩板劈裂现象变得显著,形成岩爆坑略微变大,且强度折减幅度越大,峰值轴向应变相应变小;裂隙位置向临空面靠近会加剧岩板的劈裂效应,塑性阶段普遍会产生较大变形并萌生大量裂纹,当裂隙已出露且切断临空面将不易形成岩爆坑。有关岩爆过程及弹射动能的分析表明,随着裂隙倾角的减小,岩样弹射动能呈现先显著降低后小幅回升的变化规律,30°倾角为转变拐点;岩样内部裂隙距临空面越近,裂隙岩样的弹射动能越小;树脂填充裂隙使得岩样弹射动能极大提升,而水泥填充的则无明显提升。有关声发射特征的分析表...     

Damage Constitutive and Failure Prediction of Artificial Single-Joint Sandstone Based on Acoustic Emission

The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.

     

An Experimental Study of the Fracture Coalescence Behaviour of Brittle Sandstone Specimens Containing Three Fissures

To analyse the fracture coalescence behaviour of rock, rectangular prismatic sandstone specimens (80?×?160?×?30?mm in size) containing three fissures were tested under uniaxial compression. The strength and deformation behaviours of the specimens are first analysed by investigating the effects of the ligament angle β₂ on the peak strength, peak strain and crack initiation stress of the specimens. To confirm the sequence of crack coalescence, a photographic monitoring technique is used throughout the entire period of deformation. Based on the results, the relationship between the real-time crack coalescence process and the axial stress–strain curve of brittle sandstone specimens is also developed, and this relationship can be used to evaluate the macroscopic deformation characteristics of pre-cracked rock. The equivalent strain evolution fields of the specimen, with α?=?β₁?=?45° and β₂?=?90°, are obtained using the digital image correlation technique and show good agreement with the experimental results of pre-cracked brittle sandstone. These experimental results are expected to improve the understanding of fracture mechanisms and be used in rock engineering with intermittent structures, such as deep underground excavated tunnels.     

水-力耦合条件下砂岩声发射和能量耗散的颗粒流模拟

对砂岩进行水-力耦合三轴试验和声发射实时监测,得到水-力耦合作用下砂岩应力-应变曲线和声发射数据。根据试验条件和结果建立离散元颗粒流的水-力耦合双轴模型,研究砂岩声发射和能量演化规律。通过定义耗散能,用耗散能增量较好地诠释了声发射的发展规律。利用微破裂源可追踪声发射局域源,得到水-力耦合条件下的声发射空间分布和裂纹类型。研究表明：（1）孔隙水压力对颗粒的拖拽力削弱了颗粒间的平均接触力,从而降低了砂岩整体强度。（2）孔隙水压力反映出对弹性应变能有一定程度的反复“贮存和清空”作用,造成声发射能量相对离散和峰后的应力波动。（3）渗透压的存在提升了总输入能的耗散效率,降低了总输入能和弹性应变能,须综合考虑总输入能（弹性应变能）和耗散效率才能确定累计耗散能。（4）裂纹分布表现为可能出现与主剪切带呈一定夹角的伴生裂隙带,且受水-力梯度影响,进水端比出水端更密集。（5）张拉裂纹与剪切裂纹的比值于峰值强度处显著增加,峰后趋于稳定。