并联基础隔震体系的隔震层力学特性研究

并联基础隔震结构是由橡胶隔震支座与摩擦滑移隔震支座并联组合形成的隔震结构,结构中两种型式的隔震支座相互取长补短,可以有效地降低隔震结构的造价。由于两种隔震支座竖向刚度的不同,在地震作用下,隔震层发生水平位移时,将引起轴力由橡胶隔震支座向摩擦滑移支座转移,这种轴力的重新分配对整个系统是有利的,使系统可以根据水平地震作用的大小来改变系统本身的耗能能力。根据合理的假设,推导了该种结构隔震支座的轴力随水平位移的变化关系,得出摩擦滑移隔震支座的力与位移曲线呈蝶形的结论。     

带有复合摩擦阻尼系统的基础隔震结构分析

针对常规摩擦阻尼器的起滑力难以确定的问题,提出了复合摩擦阻尼系统（CFDS）,它由非线性硬弹簧和摩擦阻尼器串联而成。当地震较小时,摩擦阻尼器处于附着状态,非线性硬弹簧发挥作用,防止隔震层位移过大;当地震较大时,非线性硬弹簧的变形则保持不变,摩擦阻尼器处于滑动状态,通过摩擦阻尼耗散能量。建立了带有复合摩擦阻尼系统的基础隔震结构的运动方程,指出摩擦阻尼器处于附着和滑移2种状态下边界条件。据此研究了常规强震和近断层脉冲型地震动作用下复合摩擦阻尼装置对橡胶隔震结构的减震效果。仿真分析表明：安装复合摩擦阻尼系统,在显著降低隔震层位移的同时,对上部结构的层间位移和加速度均有一定的减震效果;并且,在整个运动过程中,摩擦阻尼器会在附着和滑移2种状态之间来回切换。详细研究了复合摩擦阻尼系统的３个参数对隔震结构的减震效果。结果表明：在不同地震波作用下,由于摩擦阻尼系统参数的变化导致隔震结构地震响应的变化趋势是不同的,因此最优参数的取值与输入地震波类型和地面加速度峰值有关,并且不存在使隔震层位移和上部结构加速度同时达到最小的最优参数,因此需要设定合适的控制目标以确定适当的阻尼系统参数。     

某医院住院楼隔震结构设计与分析

本文按照《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)对太原市妇幼保健院业务用房及住院楼进行了隔震分析与设计计算,主要内容包括隔震层支座的布置与计算、隔震层以上结构的水平减震系数的计算、隔震层支座在罕遇地震下的位移和拉应力的计算、隔震层支墩及支柱结构的设计方法和参数分析。通过隔震与非隔震两种设计的对比分析,说明隔震设计是合理可行的,满足《建筑抗震设计规范》所要求的延长结构体系的自振周期,增大结构的阻尼比,减少上部结构的水平地震作用,达到预期防震要求。     

层间隔震地震响应分析

为了研究层间隔震结构的减震效果和变化规律,通过运用SAP2000大型有限元分析软件,在建立层间隔震结构的三维模型基础上,设置所在不同的隔震层位置,对所建隔震结构模型进行仿真分析。输入选定的不同地震波,通过结构模型进行分析对比,得出层间隔震结构的变化规律和减震效果,同时讨论不同位置的隔震层对结构变化规律和减震效果的影响,从而验证层间隔震的有效性。     

土−桩基−隔震支座−核岛地震反应试验研究

通过开展大型地震模拟振动台试验,对比研究了土−桩基−隔震支座−核岛结构和土−桩基−核岛结构的地震反应。试验采用橡胶铅锌支座作为基础隔震,放置于桩基承台和上部核岛结构之间,地基土采用某工程场地的均匀粉质黏土,试验输入的地震动时程,是由美国核电设计的 RG1.60 反应谱拟合而成。试验结果表明：隔震支座不仅可以改变上部结构频率、减小加速度和反应谱幅值大小,还可以减少下部桩的弯矩,起到降低上部结构的反应的隔震作用。但隔震支座的使用会改变桩基础的弯矩分布,核电工程采用隔震支座时应对桩基受力和变形进行特殊抗震设计,以保证土−桩−上部结构整体系统的抗震稳定性。     

地基与密肋复合墙结构相互作用系统频域地震响应试验研究

为研究地震作用下黄土地基与密肋复合墙结构相互作用系统频域地震响应的基本规律,进行了1:15比例结构模型进行振动台试验。输入白噪声、El-Centro波、天津波,测试了结构与地基的动力响应。通过快速傅里叶变化得到频域响应曲线,分析了地基与结构的动力特性以及从7度至9度水平向地震波加载时的动力反应,对比了各加载工况下加速度及位移频域响应曲线,研究了地基、结构频域动力响应的基本规律及其影响因素。结果表明:地震波激励下地基土开裂,自振频率降低,对上部结构的嵌固作用减弱;地基表面与结构顶部加速度响应随烈度的提高而增大,峰值所对应频率的变化显著,地基对加速度的放大效应显著,上部结构对位移的放大效应显著。因此,考虑地基与结构相互作用后,动力放大效应与地基破坏状况及地震动特性密切相关。     

地铁列车荷载作用下饱和土中圆形衬砌隧道和轨道系统动力响应分析

为研究地铁列车运行引起的轨道系统及饱和土体动力响应问题,采用解析法建立了饱和土全空间中圆形衬砌隧道和轨道结构耦合分析模型,用一系列符合列车几何尺寸的移动常荷载或移动简谐荷载模拟地铁列车,用无限长圆柱壳模拟衬砌,用Biot饱和多孔介质理论模拟土体,用Euler梁理论模拟钢轨、浮置板并组成两层叠合梁单元,结合轨道与衬砌仰拱处的力和位移连续条件,实现浮置板轨道结构与衬砌及周围饱和土体的耦合。通过算例对比了饱和土体模型和弹性土体模型动力响应的差异,分析了饱和土渗透系数、荷载移动速度和自振频率对轨道结构位移、饱和土体位移及孔压的影响。结果表明:当土体渗透性较差时,饱和土位移响应与相应的弹性土位移响应区别明显,土体模型对轨道结构响应影响较小;随着渗透系数的降低,饱和土体孔压增大;荷载移动速度和自振频率对轨道结构和土体动力响应影响显著。     

隔震技术

通过对地震的应力分析,建筑物抗震设计应该考虑对结构体系的地震反应进行控制。夹层橡胶垫隔震技术采用减震调整结构应力特性,使地震作用对上部结构产生的影响显著减小,因此夹层橡胶垫隔震技术是一项比较理想的控制地震反应的技术。     

城市垃圾填埋场振动台试验的数值模拟研究

对填埋场振动台模型试验进行非线性数值分析,并与试验结果相互补充、印证,进一步考察填埋场的地震响应规律。研究表明,特殊的夹层结构形式导致水平地震作用下城市垃圾填埋场存在两个主要的响应频率,在这两个主要频率附近模型顶部取得峰值加速度响应;不考虑其他因素的影响,填埋场防渗层的地震永久位移与输入地震动的水平位移振幅近似呈正比关系;坡比是影响填埋场覆盖层和衬垫层永久位移最主要的因素。     

沉箱加桩复合基础地震响应离心试验

针对沉箱加桩复合基础地震响应问题开展动力离心试验研究。采用砂质粉土作为地基土,上部结构简化为质点和柱体,基础类型包括单桩、沉箱、沉箱加桩复合基础,利用层状剪切模型箱消除边界反射,以上海人工中波为输入波,在50 g离心加速度场下进行水平地震试验。根据基础形式的不同进行3组试验,试验结果表明：对于刚度较小的土,地震波向上传播过程中具有加速度衰减的特征;沉箱底部加桩对于降低基础和结构地震响应有积极的效果,有利于增强其抗震能力;地表、基础、结构的地震响应频率特性各不相同,这取决于其各自不同的自振特性;土与基础、基础与结构之间均会发生地震相互作用,但只有与相互作用对象自振频率均较接近的地震频域分量才能引起明显的相互作用。     

Research on Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics ofStructures Supported on Slide-Limited Friction Base Isolation System

lNTRODUCTlONBase iso1ation is regarded as a practical and economicalway to protect structures from damages subjected to earth-quake motion. Isolators implemented between the base raft ofthe structure and foundation can dissipate and absorb earth-quake energy, and reduce obviously the transmission of groundmotion to structure. In short, the principle of base isolation in-cludes two factors: (i) The natural period of structures withfixed base is usually 0. 2-- l. 2 s, close to the natural pe…     

Neo-deterministic definition of seismic input for residential seismically isolated buildings

This paper deals with the neo-deterministic definition of the seismic input in the municipality of Nimis (Italy), aimed at the design of residential seismically isolated buildings. The seismic input is defined by the computation of realistic synthetic seismograms considering different levels of detail for the earthquake source, both for a bedrock model and taking into account the specific site conditions. The horizontal response spectrum, calculated in the centre of the municipality by modelling the most dangerous source, advises against the construction of a building with a fixed base, but it is compatible with the seismic isolation, and it has been, therefore, used for the design of a residential seismically isolated building. The maximum displacement for the isolation system has been estimated about 17 cm, a value much lower than that provided by the code design response spectrum (28 cm). The importance of the realistic modelling, which permits the generalization of empirical observations by means of, physically sound, theoretical considerations, is evident, as it allows for the optimisation of the structural design with respect to the site of interest.     

土钉墙开挖性状的有限元分析

土钉墙是粉砂土、黏性土等地区基坑开挖围护的主要形式之一。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立土钉-面层-土体的相互作用模型,土体应用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型,土体与土钉间的接触性质为摩擦小滑移,在此基础上,得到了土体深层水平位移、面层位移、面层土压力和土钉轴力的分布形式和基本规律。计算结果表明：深层土体水平位移的最大值发生在墙顶靠下或者墙顶的位置;坑底水平位移从坡脚向坑中逐渐变小,在基坑开挖深度范围内,减小的速率较大,以后趋于某一稳定值;土钉轴力两头较小,中间较大,作用在面层上的作用力值远小于土钉轴力,该力与作用在面层上的作用力之和等于土钉轴力;土钉墙的面层土压力随着深度的增加,先增加到最大值后,再逐渐减小,每开挖一步面层土压力就会增加,且最大值向下移动。     

Research on Construction Technology and Formation Deformation of Shield Tunneling Under River

In view of the construction technology and formation deformation of the existing rivers under the subway shield interval tunnel, relying on Zhengzhou rail transit line 17 shield tunnel through the south-north water transfer channel project, using the trial tunneling method of shield tunnel test section to optimize all kinds of construction parameters, and the formation analysis and calculation of the determined digging pressure, noting the final parameters that are determined by comparison between the extractive parameters such as pulp pressure, and they are used in MIDAS GTS/NX finite unit analysis software for numerical simulation analysis, combined with on-site testing, to study the variation of different depth formation subsidence values and horizontal displacement values when passing through the south-north water transfer canal under water conditions, and put forward the reinforcement scheme of shield tunneling through the general river bed and hole. The results show that the maximum subsidence of the trunk canal shield through the bottom is 11.3 mm, and the verification parameters are reasonable and feasible. The horizontal subsidence trough of the soil above the over-soil layer at the top of the main canal embankment is distributed by Gauss. The sinking distribution can be estimated using the Peck formula, the middle of the layer subsidence trough is distributed horizontally, and the soil subsidence trough below it is inverted hump-like distribution, with the peak point directly above the center line of the two tunnels, and the vertical zero horizontal displacement surface is located in the middle line position between the two tunnels, and the horizontal zero horizontal displacement surface is located. The horizontal displacement curve of the soil layer above the soil layer is inverted S-type, the maximum displacement appears at the anti-bending point of the surface sedimentation trough curve, the horizontal displacement curve of the soil layer on the horizontal zero horizontal displacement surface is zero, and the lower soil layer curve is double-inverted S-shaped. In the construction, we should pay attention to the monitoring of the vertical subsidence and horizontal displacement of the deep soil, adjust the shield parameters and reduce the horizontal and vertical shearing effect of the deep soil on the surrounding pipeline, inner pile base and other structures during the construction of the shield.

     

FE analysis of grid reinforced embankment system on soft Bangkok clay

The behavior of a reinforced embankment on soft Bangkok clay has been analyzed by plane strain finite element method. The finite element analysis considers the selection of proper soil/reinforcement properties according to the relative displacement pattern of upper and lower interface elements. The large deformation phenomenon is simulated by updating the node coordinates, including those of the embankment elements above the current construction level, which ensures that the applied fill thickness simulates the actual field value. A full scale test reinforced embankment with a vertical face (wall) on Bangkok clay has been analyzed by the proposed finite element method, and the numerical results are compared with the field data. The response of a reinforced embankment on soft ground is principally controlled by the interaction between the reinforced soil mass and soft ground and the interaction between the grid reinforcement and the backfill soil. The tension in reinforcement and lateral displacement of the wall face varied during consolidation of foundation soil. The maximum tension force occurred in the reinforcement layer placed at the base of reinforced mass, due to bending of the reinforced mass resulting from differential settlements. It is considered necessary to account for the permeability variation of the soft ground foundation in the finite element analysis.     

冲刷对桥墩稳定性影响的有限元分析

在对湘黔线资水大桥的评估中,提出了桥墩在受各种不同冲刷程度的影响下,通过改变基底的支承方式模拟基础底部被掏空的途径,应用有限元方法进行基底压应力和墩顶位移计算分析的方法。该方法揭示了基底最大压应力等于基底容许压应力时的极限掏空面积和考虑墩顶最大横向、纵向、竖向位移的因素而引起基础的各种变形与应力发生剧烈的变化,导致基础失效的基底掏空面积,为受冲刷桥墩的稳定性分析提供了有力的依据。     

RB模式下砂土非极限主动土压力的离散元模拟与理论研究

针对刚性挡土墙绕墙底向外位移(RB)模式下砂土非极限主动土压力分布问题,采用离散元数值模拟对砂土的主动破坏过程进行分析。研究结果表明,非极限主动状态下,不同深度处土体内摩擦角变成极限值时,该点所需的水平位移近似相同,约为0.03%H,墙-土摩擦角至极限值时该点所需的水平位移S_δ近似与深度z呈线性关系,即S_δ=0.12%z;挡墙位移过程中,墙后土体中存在多个相互平行的“准滑动面”。根据模拟结果,在Liu提出的摩擦角调动值计算公式基础上进行了修正,并利用斜微分单元法,取墙后土楔体中平行于滑动面的薄层作为斜微分单元,建立了非极限主动状态下单元体静力平衡方程,得到了RB模式下挡墙不同位移量时非极限主动土压力计算公式。将计算结果与模拟结果和模型试验实测数据进行对比,验证了理论公式的合理性。