一株海洋发光细菌的分离鉴定及其发光条件的初步研究

从青岛近海海洋沉积物样品中分离出一株海洋发光细菌，命名为D40。经过形态观察以及一系列生理生化特征测试结果，确定这株菌属于弧菌属(Vibrio)的哈维氏发光弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。同时对这株菌的发光条件和发光特点进行了初步研究，实验结果表明，细菌D40在PH7．5，温度30℃，NaCl浓度为3．0％时，发光强度最高，液体培养4h开始发光，6h后，发光达到峰值，持续发光时间可达19h。     

大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)源美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae)的分离鉴定及致病性研究

于2010年从宁德患病大黄鱼中分离得到一株优势菌NPL1006,经鉴定该菌株为美人鱼发光杆菌。人工感染实验结果显示该菌对大黄鱼的半致死浓度(LD50)为7.96×103CFU/g体重。药敏性实验结果显示NPL1006对头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩和诺氟沙星等9种药物高度敏感。采用纸片法检测得到NPL1006的胞外产物具有蛋白酶、明胶酶和淀粉酶活性。胞外产物感染斑马鱼研究结果显示其LD50为1.20mg蛋白/kg体重。以上结果表明大黄鱼源美人鱼发光杆菌NPL1006胞外产物含有多种毒力因子,与该菌对大黄鱼的致病性密切相关。     

不同来源美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种菌株表型差异性分析

美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae)可感染多种海水养殖动物发病,为研究不同菌株之间的表型差异性,作者对不同来源的25株美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种菌株的溶血特性、生理生化特征、药物敏感性以及5种最敏感抗生素的最小抑菌浓度进行了分析。结果表明:(1)25株菌株在TSB培养基上均为白色不透明圆形菌落,TCBS培养基上菌落显绿色,直径为1～2 mm,革兰氏染色均为阴性;(2)25株菌对3%胰胨水、无盐胰胨水、葡萄糖、肌醇、3%NaCl、ONPG以及精氨酸双水解酶等22种生化反应呈现出高度一致性,对于丙二酸盐、赖氨酸脱羧酶、尿素酶以及西蒙氏枸橼酸盐表现出明显差异;(3)所有菌株中仅有2株菌表现出β溶血,23株菌表现出α溶血;(4)25株菌对丁胺卡那、链霉素、复方新诺明、乙酰螺旋霉素以及苯唑青霉素5种抗生素均表现出耐药性;对萘啶酸、氟罗沙星、菌必治、头孢胺噻肟、盖伯斯林以及洛美沙星6种抗生素均表现敏感性;对恩诺沙星等27种抗生素的药物敏感性存在显著差异;(5)5种抗生素的MIC检测结果表明,25株菌对萘啶酸以及环丙沙星的MIC基本一致,浓度分别是2.5～10μg/mL以及低于2.5μg/mL,对多粘菌素B、氧氟沙星以及洛美沙星3种抗生素差异较大。通过本研究证实不同来源的美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种菌株表型特征存在明显差异。     

半滑舌鳎源美人鱼发光杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

探究引起半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther)发病死亡的原因及其病原菌的药敏特性,为生产中有效防治该病提供理论依据。于2018年从天津市某养殖场患病半滑舌鳎中分离得到3株优势菌,回归感染实验证实菌株PSC0601对半滑舌鳎具有致病性。通过肉眼观察可见半滑舌鳎腹腔严重肿胀,腹部两侧肌肉出血,解剖后可见半滑舌鳎肠道、肝脏等组织器官亦有大量出血。经API鉴定系统和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae)。该菌在绵羊血平板上呈现β型溶血,人工回归感染实验结果显示该菌对半滑舌鳎的半数致死量(LD_(50))为1.5×10~(4 )CFU/g。对48种抗菌药物的药敏实验结果表明,菌株PSC0601对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、阿莫西林、阿奇霉素、壮观霉素、头孢哌酮等20种药物具有较高敏感性。研究结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种对半滑舌鳎具有较强致病性,可导致肝脏、肠道等器官发生出血性坏死,引发鱼类死亡。本文通过对该菌的药物敏感性进行研究,以期对鱼类养殖过程中由该菌引起的爆发性疾病提供药物防治理论依据。     

海洋发光弧菌的生长和发光条件的研究

海洋生物发光研究对渔业、环境监测等有着举足轻重的意义.本文从湛江东海岛海域沉积物样品中分离出一株海洋发光弧菌(Vibrio sp.),本研究中编号为D2,对这株菌的生长和发光条件进行了初步研究.实验结果表明, 海洋发光弧菌D2 在pH 7.0、温度35 °C、NaCl 浓度为2.0 %时,生长状态最好;在pH5 - 6、温度20 °C、NaCl 浓度为3.0 %、细菌密度OD600达0.08时,发光强度最高.     

海洋发光弧菌生长和发光条件的研究

海洋生物发光研究对渔业、环境监测等有着举足轻重的意义。根据从湛江东海岛海域沉积物样品中分离出的一株海洋发光弧菌(Vibrio sp.,编号为D2),对这株菌的生长和发光条件进行了初步研究。实验结果表明,海洋发光弧菌D2在pH7.0、温度35℃、NaCl浓度为2.0%时,生长状态最好;在pH5~6、温度20℃、NaCl浓度为3.0%、细菌密度OD600达0.08时,发光强度最高。     

养殖鲟鱼出血症病原鲁氏耶尔森菌的分离鉴定和致病性研究

鲁氏耶尔森菌(Yersinia ruckeri)是鲑鳟鱼类和温水性鱼类肠炎红嘴病的主要病原,可引起病鱼体表出血、肠道肿胀发炎等临床症状。本研究从患出血症施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)中分离到一株致病性菌株(YR-H01),生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析表明YR-H01株为鲁氏耶尔森菌。人工感染该菌后发病鱼表现为肛门红肿、外突明显,部分鱼鳍基部和下颌处有出血现象,内脏器官不同程度出血,且从组织中再分离的细菌特性与原感染菌相同。腹腔注射后该菌株对施氏鲟的半致死浓度为7.2×106CFU,且攻毒剂量越大,临床病症出现越快。病理组织切片显示,该菌感染鲟鱼后肝细胞发生明显病变,淋巴细胞侵润,肝索结构消失,细胞肿胀,核空泡变性或核仁边缘化。     

一株海洋几丁质酶产生菌的筛选及其产酶条件的初步研究

从胶州湾的海泥中分离到一株几丁质酶高产菌株。经16SrDNA序列分析,认为该菌属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoaltermonas),并将其命名为SS01。对该菌产几丁质酶的最佳培养条件进行了研究,发现与其它几丁质酶产生菌相比,SS01菌株的最适产酶温度较低,酶活较高。在Zobell2216E培养基中,SS01菌株培养9h进入稳定期。胶体几丁质可诱导该菌几丁质酶的产生。在几丁质培养基中,SS01菌株产酶的适宜条件是:培养温度24℃,培养基起始pH7.0左右,蛋白胨为N源(5g/L),胶体几丁质为C源(5g/L),170r/min振荡培养130h,酶活可达116.2U/mL。     

中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系

对野生健康中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系进行了研究.从其肠道中分离出47株菌,它们分别属于弧菌属、发光杆菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属8个属.其中弧菌属和发光杆菌属在整个肠道中为优势菌属,不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属为次优势菌属,黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属为非优势菌属.在对虾的整个肠道中,前肠和中肠的优势菌属为弧菌属,而后肠的优势菌属为发光杆菌属.在弧菌属中溶藻胶弧菌、漂浮弧菌和坎贝氏弧菌为优势菌,哈唯氏弧菌为非优势菌.前肠、中肠和后肠的菌量分别为1.3×105、2.8×105和1.1×104cfu/虾体.     

养殖对虾细菌性红体病的初步研究

从海南琼山患红体病的养殖南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的肝胰脏和肌肉中分离出2株细菌，经纯化培养后的人工感染结果表明，该2株菌均为引起对虾红体病的细菌性病原菌；根据对这2株菌的形态及生理生化特征检测结果，确定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。药敏试验表明，氮霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等7种抗生素对抑制这2种致病菌具有良好作用。     

国际海洋测绘教育培训特点及发展对策

分析了海洋测绘教育培训国际化和标准化的原因及进程,论述了海洋测绘国际化教育培训的指导性文件及内容,针对国际化海洋测绘教育培训的特点与发展趋势,提出了发展我国海洋测绘教育培训的对策与建议。     

壳寡糖及其全乙酰化衍生物的制备及结构表征

探讨了壳寡糖及全乙酰壳寡糖的制备方法,通过正交实验考察了原料、温度、时间对降解产物的影响.制备了八种寡糖（八乙酰壳二糖、十一乙酰壳三糖、十四乙酰壳四糖和十七乙酰壳五糖,以及N,N′-二乙酰壳二糖、N,N′,N″-三乙酰壳三糖、N,N′,N″,N′′′四乙酰壳四糖和N,N′,N″,N′′′,N′′′′-五乙酰壳五糖）,并通过IR、NMR及MS等确定了其化学结构.     

聚多巴胺的合成、聚合机理及其在海洋防腐防污中的应用

聚多巴胺(polydopamine, PDA)含有大量的酚羟基和氨基官能团, 可以在玻璃、不锈钢、塑料、橡胶、聚四氟乙烯等材料表面黏附, 具有优异的粘附性能, 是重要的功能材料之一。本文对近年来国内外围绕聚多巴胺展开的研究进行了综述, 从聚多巴胺的合成方法、聚合机理和性能出发, 分析总结了当前合成的特点、机理研究的方案和存在的问题, 并对聚多巴胺在海洋防腐领域的应用进行了总结和展望, 旨在为研究者较全面了解聚多巴胺的研究现状提供参考。     

Coastal and estuarine habitat mapping, using LIDAR height and intensity and multi-spectral imagery

The airborne laser scanning LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) provides high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) that have been applied recently to the characterization, quantification and monitoring of coastal environments. This study assesses the contribution of LIDAR altimetry and intensity data, topographically-derived features (slope and aspect), and multi-spectral imagery (three visible and a near-infrared band), to map coastal habitats in the Bidasoa estuary and its adjacent coastal area (Basque Country, northern Spain). The performance of high-resolution data sources was individually and jointly tested, with the maximum likelihood algorithm classifier in a rocky shore and a wetland zone; thus, including some of the most extended Cantabrian Sea littoral habitats, within the Bay of Biscay. The results show that reliability of coastal habitat classification was more enhanced with LIDAR-based DTM, compared with the other data sources: slope, aspect, intensity or near-infrared band. The addition of the DTM, to the three visible bands, produced gains of between 10% and 27% in the agreement measures, between the mapped and validation data (i.e. mean producer's and user's accuracy) for the two test sites. Raw LIDAR intensity images are only of limited value here, since they appeared heterogeneous and speckled. However, the enhanced Lee smoothing filter, applied to the LIDAR intensity, improved the overall accuracy measurements of the habitat classification, especially in the wetland zone; here, there were gains up to 7.9% in mean producer's and 11.6% in mean user's accuracy. This suggests that LIDAR can be useful for habitat mapping, when few data sources are available. The synergy between the LIDAR data, with multi-spectral bands, produced high accurate classifications (mean producer's accuracy: 92% for the 16 rocky habitats and 88% for the 11 wetland habitats). Fusion of the data enabled discrimination of intertidal communities, such as Corallina elongata, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.), and stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, which presented misclassification when conventional visible bands were used alone. All of these results were corroborated by the kappa coefficient of agreement. The high classification accuracy found here, selecting data sources, highlights the value of integrating LIDAR data with multi-spectral imagery for habitat mapping in the intertidal complex fringe.     

Adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids by clay minerals and marine sediments

The adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids on illite, montmorillonite, goethite, and marine sediments was investigated. Three ¹⁴C-labeled hydrophilic proteins, Rubisco from C. reinhardtii, and GroEL and GroES from genetically modified Escherichia coli, were synthesized and purified for this study. The proteins were strongly and rapidly adsorbed by the clay minerals and marine sediments, and much of the adsorbed protein was not readily desorbed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction and separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sucrose density gradients showed that Rubisco and GroEL were adsorbed on illite and sediments in their original forms. The apparent adsorption partition coefficients of the proteins were on the order of 10² l/kg on illite, 10³–10⁴ l/kg on goethite and montmorillonite, and 200 and 75 l/kg on Skan Bay and Resurrection Bay (Alaska) sediments, respectively. These partition coefficients are sufficiently large to permit sedimentary protein preservation via an adsorptive mechanism. Generally, basic polyamino acids had greater adsorption partition coefficients than acidic polyamino acids. Molecular size did not affect the electrostatic interaction between polyamino acids and mineral surfaces. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and negatively charged polyamino acids inhibited Rubisco adsorption, while positively charged cytochrome c and polyamino acids increased Rubisco adsorption. These results indicate that electrostatic interactions dominated in protein adsorption.