松辽平原西部水文地质空间数据库建设方法

松辽平原西部地下水资源调查评价水文地质空间数据库应用MapGis软件作为图形工具平台,在建库过程中,遵循统一的建库标准和工作指南,进行属性数据库和空间数据库的建设.     

1:25万地质图空间数据库的建立

建立地质图空间数据库是将通过调查得到的数据整理后进行属性数据、图形数据采集,利用GIS软件形成不同格式的地质图空间数据库从而达到数据库存储、查询、分析、检索的目的,并实现信息共享。通过利用MAPGIS软件以及基于MAPGIS上开发的RGMAP数字填图系统建立1∶25万地质图空间数据库,分析了数据库的内容和功能,重点提出了建库过程中应该注意的问题。     

区域地质图数据库建库中的质量检查方法探讨

数据质量检查是地质图空间数据库建设项目中的一项重要内容,也是一项复杂的过程,应该贯穿数据的输入和空间数据库建立的每一个环节,检查技术方法和手段也一直进行更新。该文以1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库建设为例,列举了建库过程中不同阶段的多种的检查方法和手段,对于不同内容使用不同的检查方法进行探讨,通过人工检查及软件检查2种方式来确保入库数据的质量。     

数字地质调查系统空间数据库建设

在现代信息技术和空间技术高速发展的今天,区域地质调查工作过程的数字化已经成为一种必然趋势,它能更好地实现信息共享和数据更新,为地质工作服务.区域地质图空间数据库的建设为基础地质调查规划部署、地方资金找矿勘探提供了重要的数据支撑,是地质调查成果数字化、信息化及国土资源部数字化工程的重要组成部分.通过对数字地质图空间数据库的组织模型、空间存储及属性继承、辅助建库工具、质量监控的阐述,为建库提供了技术保障,保证了数据的精度,有效提高了建库效率.     

数字填图系统成果地质图空间数据库的特点与质量检查方法

空间数据库建库是数字调查成果数据的一个重要组成部分.通过对空间数据库的特点及检查方法的阐述,为建库提供了技术保障,保证了数据的精度,有效地提高了地质工作者对地质调查系统的应用能力和建库效率.     

基于城镇地籍数据库建立前的数据质量检查

采用MapSUV测绘和MapGIS平台建库的数据,主要有图形数据、属性数据和影像数据。在建库前根据全国和山东省第二次土地调查城镇建库标准,对每一类数据进行分析,针对其特点制定出检查的内容、方法和标准。经过检查的数据可以保证建立高质量的数据库。     

华东地区1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库建设及应用

1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库是国家基础地质数据库中最基本、最核心的数据库,其数据质量直接受数据库建库流程和质量控制影响。文章以778幅华东地区1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库成果为基础,论述1∶5万区域地质图空间数据库建库的技术流程、工作方法、质量控制及数据库的应用效果。严谨的数据库数据模型、统一的建库技术方法、全面的质量控制程序是确保数据库数据质量的前提,地质图数据库管理系统平台可实现华东地区1∶5万地质图空间数据库的系统化管理与共享。     

地质图空间数据库的数据质量保证措施

论述了在地质图空间数据库建库过程中,通过项目组织实施,实行项目负责制,成立质量监督、检查组,建立完善的质量监控体系,以及在各阶段所采取的各种质量监控措施,即三级质量检查及各种质量检查方法。从数据源的质量检查,图形数字化、属性卡片填写,到成果图的各图层数据各阶段的质量检查严格把关,保证了地质图空间数据库的数据质量。     

数字地质调查系统(DGSInfo)空间数据库建立流程及技巧

空间数据库建库流程是数字地质调查系统(DGSInfo)总体技术流程的一个重要组成部分。空间数据库中集合了地质图中所有的地质信息,人们可以通过它很方便地了解各类地质信息,因此建库工作特别重要。本文从空间数据库的基本要素类、综合要素类、对象类属性录入方面概述了建库流程,并对建库过程中的注意事项及技巧进行了阐述。该方法技巧对确保空间数据库数据的质量、提高建库效率有较大意义。     

松辽平原西部水文地质空间数据库工作方法

松辽平原西部地下水资源调查评价水文地质空间数据库采用Office Access 2000为数据录入操作平台,应用MapGIS软件作为图形工具平台.在建库过程中,遵循统一的建库格式标准和工作指南;制定符合调查评价项目建库的作业指导手册;建立统一的子图库系统,采用统一比例尺的地理底图作为数据库建库的基础图件;在内部属性录入和挂接之前,各区片之间的成果图件要进行拼接,使接缝间的线和图元接好后无误.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.