无穷域问题的弱形式求积元分析

岩土工程中经常会遇到无穷域问题,而采用无限单元可以实现对其有效地模拟。弱形式求积元法是一个有效的数值工具,它常通过提高积分阶次来提高计算精度。建立了无限弱形式求积单元并被应用于求解岩土工程中的无穷域问题,该单元基于坐标映射,将无穷域变换到标准域,在标准域上进行数值积分和数值微分,保留了传统弱形式求积元的积分点坐标和权系数。求解了瞬态渗流、固结和静力分析等数值算例,并与解析解或截断方法进行了对比。结果表明:基于坐标映射的无限弱形式求积单元使用简单,可以模拟各种类型的无穷域问题,仅需要将感兴趣的范围进行有限域划分并通过提高积分阶次来减小对极点位置的依赖,极大地节省了计算资源,提高了计算精度。     

考虑饱和土的地铁车站结构非线性地震反应研究

饱和土广泛存在于自然界之中,将土体视为固－液二相介质,基于biot饱和土介质动力方程的u-p形式研究了反映饱和土无约束域能量辐射效应影响的等效黏弹性人工边界单元,基于地震波转化为作用于人工边界节点上等效荷载的方法实现了波动输入。采用算例验证了等效人工单元的精度。建立饱和土-地铁车站非线性有限元整体模型,分析了考虑双相介质饱和土的波动传播,对比了饱和土及单相土在地震作用下地铁车站的地震反应,并与振动台试验结果进行了比较,研究表明：地震作用下采用考虑多孔介质的特性分析地基土与单相固体介质相比更加合理。通过对车站结构关键构件的加速度、位移和内力等进行分析,研究了饱和土－地下结构相互作用体系的地震反应。     

一种特殊二维各向异性介质中的准瑞利面波的传播

针对弹性参数满足一种特殊形式的二维各向异性介质，结合边界条件，求解波动方程组，得到了该种介质中传播的准瑞利波的波速度满足的方程，进而探讨了该种介质中传播的准瑞利面波的传播规律。     

砂岩铀矿的自相似结构

改变统计域，矿化参数的概率分布型式和相关关系并不改变，形成自相似的无穷嵌套的层次结构图像。本以上第三系陆相砂岩铀矿床为例，从统计意义上说明矿化空间分布的自相似结构。     

N个薄层介质组合引起的视各向异性

作者详细推导了N个薄层介质组合时所引起的视各向异性介质的弹性参数,扩展了J.E.white先生在《Underground Sound》一书中关于双层介质组合的视各向异性介质的弹性参数应用范围,并计算了2个薄层各向同性的弹性介质组合时视各向异性介质中地震波速度随波动传播方向而变化的关系曲线,说明了薄层组合确实可以引起介质的视各向异性。     

Von Karman 型自相关函数模拟随机介质

利用Von Karman型自相关函数建立了随机介质模型,对自相关长度、谱指数两个参量分别讨论了模型的特征,分析了不同扰动标准差下模型 中速度的分布和变化情况。结果显示：改变自相关长度及横纵向谱指数,都可以产生横向和纵向上非均匀体尺度改变的随机介质模型;扰动标准差 不同,得到的随机扰动的范围就不同,从而引起模型中速度围绕背景速度上下波动。从模拟结果图显示,随机介质模型能灵活地描述实际介质。     

含直立裂隙介质的弹性波动方程正演模拟

从具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）介质中的弹性波动方程出发,在交错网格空间中采用高阶差分算子对弹性波动方程进行差分离散,得到了HTI介质中地震波正演的高阶有限差分格式,研究并实现了PML吸收边界条件。在此基础上实现了HTI介质中弹性波方程的多波正演。数值算例表明,该方法能够精确模拟弹性波在复杂各向异性介质中的传播过程,得到高精度的正演记录。     

颗粒离散单元法动力人工边界设置方法

采用颗粒离散单元法进行动力计算时,人工截断边界上需设置吸收边界条件,以防止波的反射。鉴于颗粒离散单元数值计算模型的人工边界上颗粒单元半径大小不一、边界面凸凹不平,在连续介质的黏性、黏弹性、自由场边界条件方程基础之上,推导出适用于离散介质的等效方程。在离散介质的黏性边界条件等效方程中引入微调系数,提出比值迭代法以快速确定其最优值,以实现对波的最佳吸收。采用二维颗粒离散单元计算软件PFC2D,分别建立黏性、黏弹性、自由场边界条件相关数值分析模型,探讨颗粒分布模式对黏性边界上颗粒单元半径、速度分布及比值迭代过程的影响;采用外源波动算例及经典Lamb问题算例验证黏弹性边界设置方法的正确性;通过隧洞算例检验提出的自由场边界条件设置方法的正确性。     

二维饱和多孔介质因点汇诱发比奥固结的解析解

给出了有限二维饱和多孔介质因点汇诱发的Biot固结的一个解析解。其中假设多孔介质为均匀各向同性和线弹性,假设孔隙压力场符合第1类边界条件,数学模型采用可压缩多孔介质模型。利用傅里叶和拉普拉斯变换及相应反演获得了双重无穷项级数和形式的精确解。然后特别探讨了定流量点汇诱发的稳态解析解,并用文献现有解析解进行了验证。所提出的解析解适合于验证数值解,并可用于深入分析有限二维多孔介质的流-固耦合行为。     

层状饱和地基上刚性圆板的扭转振动及参数分析

用解析的方法首次研究了层状饱和地基上刚性圆板的扭转振动特性.运用Hankel变换求解饱和介质动力问题的控制方程,按混合边值条件建立了层状饱和地基上刚性圆板扭转振动的第二类Fredholm积分方程.数值算例给出了动力柔度系数和扭转角幅值随无量纲频率的变化曲线,与单相弹性及匀质饱和介质情况进行了对比分析,并进行了参数研究.     

ABAQUS动力无限元人工边界研究

针对动力场天然无限地基的数值模拟与地震波输入问题进行了一些有意义的研究,评述了现有动力计算常用无限元的优缺点,详细阐述了ABAQUS无限元理论体系框架,并加以改进,提出一种考虑外域地震动影响的ABAQUS动力无限元人工边界。采用等效边界力的叠加原理,对入射波和散射波分开处理,视入射波和散射波在边界上互不影响,将输入地震动转化为作用于有限元无限元交界面上的等效应力的方法来解决外源波的入射问题。算例验证结果表明：内源振动和固定边界会出现失真和扰动现象,同时该计算结果与黏弹性边界的计算结果对比可知,该方法对外行散射波的过滤作用优于黏弹性边界。因此,改进的ABAQUS动力无限元人工边界理论方法有效且具有一定的稳定性。     

Non-linear analysis of geomechanical problems using coupled finite and infinite elements

In modeling of many geomechanics problems such as underground openings, soil-foundation structure interaction problems, and in wave propagation problems through semi-infinite soil medium the soil is represented as a region of either infinite or semi-infinite extent. Numerical modeling of such problems using conventional finite elements involves a truncation of the far field in which the infinite boundary is terminated at a finite distance. In these problems, appropriate boundary conditions are introduced to approximate the solution of the infinite or semi-infinite boundaries as closely as possible. However, the task of positioning the finite boundary in conventional finite element discretization and the definition of the boundary and its conditions is very delicate and depends on the modeller's skill and intuition. Moreover, such a choice is influenced by the size of the domain to be discretized. Consequently, the dimensions of the global matrices and the time required for solution of the problem will increase considerably and also selection of the arbitrary location of truncated boundary may lead to erroneous result. In order to over come these problems, mapped infinite elements have been developed by earlier researchers (Simoni and Schrefier, 1987). In the present work the applicability of infinite element technique is examined for different geomechanics problems. A computer program INFEMEP is developed based on the conventional finite element and mapped infinite element technique. It is then validated using selected problems such as strip footing and circular footing. CPU time taken to obtain solutions using finite element approach and infinite element approach was estimated and presented to show the capability of coupled modeling in improving the computational efficiency. Mesh configurations of different sizes were used to explore the enhancement of both computational economy and solution accuracy achieved by incorporation of infinite elements to solve elastic and elasto-plastic problems in semi-infinite/finite domain as applied to geotechnical engineering. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

岩体初始地应力场分析方法研究

初始地应力场是影响岩土工程稳定性的重要因素之一,如何合理地模拟初始地应力场一直是岩体力学中的重要研究课题。以国内某大型水利水电工程构筑区域实测空间地应力资料为基础,以边界位移为控制对象,采用有限元（无界元）方法对工程区大范围内的岩体初始地应力场进行了分析和研究。尝试在实际边界上满足无穷远处位移为0的模型边界上引入了无界单元,实测点上的应力拟合结果有较明显的改善,这表明所采用的方法是切实可行和有效的。     

地震载荷下核岛动力响应数值模拟

核电作为清洁型能源具有广阔的发展前景,研究核电站的地震响应具有重要意义。建立了AP1000核岛的有限元模型,进行模态分析获取核岛的振动形态。用无限元模拟远场地基,有限元模拟近场地基,并考虑基础埋置及土与结构相互作用,开展了不同地基条件下的核岛地震响应分析。结果表明：随着地基刚度的增加,核岛节点的响应加速度幅值增大,而加速度反应谱峰值对应的周期减小,核岛节点应力增大,但其相对位移减小;考虑土与结构相互作用之后,软弱地基的响应加速度峰值大幅减小,地基加速度反应谱峰值对应的周期增加,土与结构相互作用对此类地基上核岛的地震输入有较大影响;对于坚硬岩石地基,土与结构相互作用对地震输入的影响可以忽略。     

Infinite elements in a poroelastodynamic FEM

An infinite element is presented to treat wave propagation problems in unbounded saturated porous media. The porous media is modeled by Biot's theory. Conventional finite elements are used to model the near field, whereas infinite elements are used to represent the behavior of the far field. They are constructed in such a way that the Sommerfeld radiation condition is fulfilled, i.e. the waves decay with distance and are not reflected at infinity. To provide the wave information the infinite elements are formulated in Laplace domain. The time domain solution is obtained by using the convolution quadrature method as the inverse Laplace transformation. The temporal behavior of the near field is calculated using standard time integration schemes, e.g. the Newmark method. Finally, the near and far field are combined using a substructure technique for any time step. The accuracy as well as the necessity of the proposed infinite elements, when unbounded domains are considered, is demonstrated by different examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动荷载下三维半空间动力安定性下限分析

针对交通移动荷载,基于第一动力安定性理论预测了弹塑性半无限空间动力安定性下限值。通过建立无限元边界的三维动力有限元模型,研究了移动荷载作用下弹塑性半无限空间的动应力分布,构造了稳态动应力下的残余应力场,基于残余应力场的构造提出了动力安定性下限值的预测方法,分析了交通动应力下的安定性下限值以及车辆移动速度对安定性的影响,同时分析了均布荷载和Hertz荷载分布对动力安定性下限值的影响。当荷载移动速度低于Rayleigh波速时,安定性极限值随着速度的增加而增加,而当速度超过Rayleigh波速时,随着速度的增加而减小。研究还发现,当荷载和总重相等时采用圆形均布荷载和Hertz荷载的安定性极限值较为相似。     

Finite element analysis for a finite conductivity fracture in an infinite poroelastic medium

In the technology of oil recovery, oil production rate can be increased by generation of a vertical conductive fracture adjacent to the well-bore. In this paper the seepage flow and isothermal deformation in both the oil formation and the fracture are studied by modelling the formation as a two-dimensional infinite poroelastic medium and the conductive fracture as a one-dimensional poroelastic material, saturated by a one-phase compressible fluid. The plane strain condition is employed. Solutions for a growing conductive fracture and a stationary conductive fracture in the infinite medium are obtained by means of the finite element method based on a variational principle for the formation which can impose the governing equations of the fracture. Infinite elements are used outside the finite element domain. Numerical results indicate that the injection rate, the applied pressure and the crack mouth opening displacement at the well-bore oscillate during the propagation of the conductive fracture. The production rate of a well with the conductive fracture is compared with that of a well without the conductive fracture. Finally, a new definition of the conductivity coefficient for the conductive fracture is presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹性介质分向插值无限元

无限元是一种有效的人工边界,可用于处理弹性波的传播问题。在传统动力无限元的基础上,提出了一种采用分向插值技术的新型动力无限元,详细地推导了这种无限元的形函数,建立了完全解析形式的刚度矩阵,以提高计算效率,采用该无限元边界,计算了弹性介质中的线源Lamb问题,通过对比解析解答的地基表面位移,验证了该无限元的有效性。算例分析表明,采用此类无限元时,有限元单元边长建议取不超过1/8剪切波波长,网格边界到激励源点的距离宜取5倍剪切波波长。无限单元中的幅值衰减系数对计算结果影响甚微,建议取较小值。     

用无穷边界元分析半无限域问题

在边界积分方程离散的基础上,根据远场位移的特性,用衰减函数描述远场位移,阐述了自适应高斯积分算法,并结合前人成果—用解析法求出在远场上的强奇异积分,编制了适合于半无限域线弹性问题的计算机程序,并进行了事例验证,验证表明,该法比传统边界元具有更高的精度。     

Computing of the Anchor by the Method of Three-Dimension Point-Radiate Infinite Elements

On the basis of the one-dimension infinite element theory, the coordinate translation and shape function of 3D point-radiate 8-node and 4-node infinite elements are derived. They are coupled with 20-node and 8-node finite elements to compute the compression distortion of the prestressed an- chorage segment. The results indicate that when the prestressed force acts on the anchorage head and segment, the stresses and the displacements in the rock around the anchorage head and segment con- centrate on the zone center with the anchor axis, and they decrease with exponential forms. Therefore, the stresses and the displacement spindles are formed. The calculating results of the infinite element are close to the theoretical results. This indicates the method is right. This article introduces a new way to study the mechanism of prestressed anchors. The obtained results have an important role in the re- search of the anchor mechanism and engineering application.