基于仿生硬件的无线传感器网络节点自修复方法

针对现有无线传感器网络节点硬件固定,不能重新配置的问题,设计了一种全新的基于仿生硬件的无线传感器网络节点自修复方法,采用仿生硬件实现动态可重构无线传感器网络节点,以使节点能够自主地、动态地改变自身的结构和行为,在其部分硬件失效情况下进行节点的仿生自修复.该研究提出了相关节点的仿生自修复方法,研制了基于现场可编程阵列的仿生自修复节点,并通过实验验证了节点的自修复能力.对于提高无线传感器网络的鲁棒性和安全性具有重要意义.     

浅谈如何升级TTY4气象报文填图系统

针对我局ＴＴＹ４气象报文自动填图系统ＰＣ／ＸＴ微机硬件老化,运行极不稳定,影响正常业务工作,在升级计算硬件与操作系统中所遇到的问题和解决办法上作了简要的介绍。     

综合集成硬件控制器的设计与实现

针对目前地面气象观测中设备众多、可扩展性不强等问题,本文设计了一种应用于地面气象观测的综合集成硬件控制器。设计采用以ARM9为内核的芯片级微处理器运行Linux操作系统的技术,实现了两种通信协议之间的转换和多种硬件设备之间的集成通信,解决了诸如观测设备众多、采样频次高、观测数据完整性要求高等难题。综合集成硬件控制器设计完成后,在全国多个地面气象观测台站进行使用,经过对使用情况进行统计分析,综合硬件集成控制器运行稳定,具有集成度高,扩展性强的优点。     

综合集成硬件控制器在DZZ5新型自动气象站中的应用及常见故障维护

通过对综合集成硬件控制器在DZZ5新型自动气象站中的使用情况的分析,掌握综合集成硬件控制器在应用的优势及其容易出现的问题,提出几种常见故障的维护方法。     

基于TMS320VC5402的RS_485通信设计

完成了基于TMS320VC5402 DSP的RS_485通信的硬件设计和软件编程.基于美国TI公司TMS320VC5402 DSP芯片的多通道缓冲口(McBSP)进行适当的硬件扩展,以SPI方式直接和MAXIM公司的MAX3100通用异步串行收发器接口,然后经Linear Technology公司的LTC1480超低功耗RS_485收发器,从而实现了一种新的基于RS_485标准接口串行通讯的数据传输,充分利用了DSP的片上资源,使硬件和软件结构尽量简单化.     

软科学与硬科学

什么是“软科学”和“硬科学”呢?简单地说,人们把工程技术称为“硬科学”,把现代管理科学称为“软科学”.举个例子说:电子计算机是由“硬件”和“软件”两大部分组成的,其中计算机的各种设备部件称为“硬件”,程序系统称为“软件”.“硬科学”与“软科学”就是借用计算机的“硬件”和“软件”的名称引申而来的.     

CTL 713C多普勒天气雷达数字接收处理系统故障诊断分析

通过分析CTL-713C多普勒天气雷达数字接收处理系统硬件构成及工作原理,结合硬件状态指示介绍了该型雷达数字接收处理系统的正常工作状态。将CTL-713C多普勒天气雷达数字接收处理系统分成信号处理器、数字接收机、连接三类故障进行诊断,根据终端显示和系统硬件状态指示综合判断相应类型故障的处理方法,通过焦作CTL-713C多普勒天气雷达数字接收处理系统故障实例分析和诊断结果对处理方法进行了验证,并对雷达数字接收处理系统的故障诊断方法和原则进行了总结。     

基于WeatherCentral的气象影视演播室系统架构

介绍以WeatherCentral系统为核心搭配大洋非编系统的气象影视演播室搭建方案.文章从视频、音频等方面详细阐述了该方案的硬件组织架构和硬件选用思路,并给出了各种讯号的具体传递路径.分析了这种架构在具体使用中操作人员少、安全性能好、稳定高效的优势.     

基于模拟IIC总线的电压测量系统

根据IIC总线的时序,编程模拟了IIC总线.基于模拟的IIC总线,采用8位串行接口A／D转换器PCF8591设计了电压测量系统.给出了系统硬件电路和主程序流程图.系统因采用IIC总线式结构而具有硬件结构简单、扩展性强的突出优点,为IIC总线在其他采集系统中的应用提供了参考.     

新型自动气象站故障智能诊断系统设计

为提高台站人员对新型自动气象站的运行保障能力,基于2017—2020年江西省93个台站新型自动站设备的省级维修保障档案,将新型自动站仪器系统故障设备进行归纳分类,分析了故障诊断的逻辑方法,厘清故障现象与故障设备的关联性,归纳"现象—故障件—处理方法"的映射关系,在此基础上设计新型自动站故障智能诊断系统.系统包括硬件模块和短距离无线通讯模块,硬件模块实时检测自动站采集器的运行状态参数;无线通讯模块实现硬件与软件之间的短距离远程通讯.软件程序安装在值班机房,实现远程控制、故障状态显示、智能诊断、记录存档等功能.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.