Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the origin of the 304 ± 5 Ma Karamay A-type granites from West Junggar,Northwest China: implications for understanding the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

U–Pb zircon geochronological, geochemical, and whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic analyses are reported for a suite of Karamay A-type granites from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in the western Junggar region of northern Xinjiang, Northwest China, with the aim of investigating the sources and petrogenesis of A-type granites. The Karamay pluton includes monzogranite and syenogranite. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb dating yielded a concordant weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 304 ± 5 Ma (n = 11), defining a late Carboniferous magmatic event. Geochemically, the rock suite is characterized by high SiO₂, FeOt/MgO, total alkalies (K₂O + Na₂O), Zr, Nb, Y, Ta, Ga/Al, and rare earth elements (REEs) (except for Eu), and low contents of MgO, CaO, and P₂O₅, with negative Ba, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti anomalies. These features indicate an A-type affinity for the Karamay granitic intrusions. Isotopically, they display consistently depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7014–0.7022, ?_Nd(t) = +5.6–+7.0). Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data suggest that the Karamay A-type granites were derived from remelting juvenile lower crust, followed by fractional crystallization. The Karamay A-type granites as well as widespread late Carboniferous magmatism in the western Junggar region of the southwestern CAOB may have been related to ridge subduction and a resultant slab window. This further demonstrates the importance of the late Palaeozoic granitic magmatism in terms of vertical crustal growth in northern Xinjiang.     

Partial melting of subducted Southern Qiangtang crust in northern Tibet: evidence from the geochemistry and geochronology of the Riwanchaka granodiorite porphyry in Central Qiangtang

ABSTRACT

This article presents new zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotopic, and whole-rock major- and trace-element geochemical data that provide insights into the petrogenesis and tectonic history of the Riwanchaka granodiorite porphyries of Central Qiangtang, Tibet. Zircon U–Pb ages of 236–230 Ma indicate an early Late Triassic age of emplacement of the porphyries, and zircon Hf isotopic data yield εHf(t) values of – 7.0 to – 1.5 and ancient zircon Hf crustal model ages (T_DM^C) of 1524–1220 Ma. The granodiorite porphyries are characterized by low K₂O contents, high Mg# values, and relatively high Cr and Ni contents. They are classified as I-type calc-alkaline granite and are considered to have formed through the anatexis of ancient mafic crustal rocks with contributions from mantle-derived components. The geochemistry and isotopic compositions of all samples are similar to those of magmatic rocks that originated in the South Qiangtang crust. However, field observations indicate that the pluton intrudes the North Qiangtang crust, and we propose that the granodiorite porphyries were derived by partial melting of subducted continental crust of the South Qiangtang terrane. These new data have been integrated with data from previous studies to construct a new model of slab rollback during northward subduction of the Southern Qiangtang continental crust at ca. 245–226 Ma, thereby improving our understanding of magmatic processes involved in continental subduction in collision settings.     

Evolution of Cambrian and Early Ordovician arcs in the Kyrgyz North Tianshan: Insights from U-Pb zircon ages and geochemical data

Geochronological, geochemical, and structural studies of magmatic and metamorphic complexes within the Kyrgyz North Tianshan (NTS) revealed an extensive area of early Palaeozoic magmatism with an age range of 540–475 Ma. During the first episode at 540–510 Ma, magmatism likely occurred in an intraplate setting within the NTS microcontinent and in an oceanic arc setting within the Kyrgyz-Terskey zone in the south. During the second episode at 500–475 Ma, the entire NTS represented an arc system. These two phases of magmatism were separated by an episode of accretionary tectonics of uncertain nature, which led to obduction of ophiolites from the Kyrgyz-Terskey zone onto the microcontinent. The occurrence of zircon xenocrysts and predominantly negative whole-rock ɛ_Nd(t) values and ɛ_Hf(t) values of magmatic zircons suggest a continental setting and melting of Precambrian continental sources with minor contributions of Palaeozoic juvenile melts in the generation of the magmatic rocks. The late Cambrian to Early Ordovician 500–475 Ma arc evolved mainly on Mesoproterozoic continental crust in the north and partly on oceanic crust in the south. Arc magmatism was accompanied by spreading in a back-arc basin in the south, where supra-subduction ophiolitic gabbros yielded ages of 496 to 479 Ma. The relative position of the arc and active back-arc basin implies that the subduction zone was located north of the arc, dipping to the south. Variably intense metamorphism and deformation in the NTS reflect an Early Ordovician orogenic event at 480–475 Ma, resulting from closure of the Djalair-Naiman ophiolite trough and collision of the Djel'tau microcontinent with the northern margin of NTS. Comparison of geological patterns and episodes of arc magmatism in the NTS and Chinese Central Tianshan indicate that these crustal units constituted a single early Palaeozoic arc and were separated from the Tarim Craton by an oceanic basin since the Neoproterozoic.     

A-type granites induced by a breaking-off and delamination of the subducted Junggar oceanic plate,West Junggar,Northwest China

The A-type granites with highly positive ε_Nd(t) values in the West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), have long been perceived as a group formed under the same tectonic and geodynamic setting, magmatic sourceq and petrogenetic model. Geological evidence shows that these granites occurred at two different tectonic units related to the southeastern subduction of Junggar oceanic plate: the Hongshan and Karamay granites emplaced in the southeast of West Junggar in the Baogutu continental arc; whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites formed in the accretionary prism. Here the authors present new bulk-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes data on these granites. The granites in the Baogutu continental arc and accretionary prism contain similar zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+10.9 to +16.2) and bulk-rock geochemical characteristics (high SiO₂ and K₂O contents, enriched LILEs (except Sr), depleted Sr, Ta and Ti, and negative anomalies in Ce and Eu). The Hongshan and Karamay granites in the Baogutu continental arc have older zircon U-Pb ages (315–305 Ma) and moderate ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+6.41‰–+7.96‰); whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites in the accretionary prism have younger zircon U-Pb ages (305–301 Ma) with higher ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+8.72‰–+9.89‰). The authors deduce that the elevated ¹⁸O enrichments of the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were probably inherited from low-temperature altered oceanic crusts. The Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were originated from partial melting of low-temperature altered oceanic crusts with juvenile oceanic sediments below the accretionary prism. The Hongshan and Karamay granites were mainly derived from partial melting of basaltic juvenile lower crust with mixtures of potentially chemical weathered ancient crustal residues and mantle basaltic melt (induced by hot intruding mantle basaltic magma at the bottom of the Baogutu continental arc). On the other hand, the Miaoergou charnockite might be sourced from a deeper partial melting reservoir under the accretionary prism, consisting of the low-temperature altered oceanic crust, juvenile oceanic sediments, and mantle basaltic melt. These granites could be related to the asthenosphere’s counterflow and upwelling, caused by the break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic plate beneath the accretionary prism Baogutu continental arc in a post-collisional tectonic setting.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

西准噶尔克拉玛依岩体的成因:年代学、岩石学和地球化学证据

西准噶尔地区克拉玛依岩体主要由闪长岩和花岗岩组成,锆石SHRIMP法给出的岩体结晶年龄为(315.5±2.8)Ma,为晚石炭世侵入岩.克拉玛依岩体具岛弧岩石的元素地球化学特征:总体上岩石富钠.A/CNK=0.57～0.84,富集LREE,(La/Yb)N=4.7～6.1,Eu显示弱负异常(δEu=0.76～0.91),...     

Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Soheyle-PaKuh granitoid rocks (central Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt,Iran)

ABSTRACT

Soheyle-Pakuh granitoid rocks, with a variety of quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, tonalite, and granite, have been emplaced into the Tertiary volcanic rocks in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc in central Iran. Zircon U–Pb dating yields an age of 39.63 ± 0.93 Ma for the crystallization of this body. Whole-rock compositions show that SiO₂ changes from 52.31 to 65.78 wt.% and Al₂O₃ varies from 15.54 to 18.24 wt.%, as well as high concentrations of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g. Cs, Rb, Ba, and K) and quite low contents of high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g. Nb, Ti, P), as expected in I-type arc granitoids formed in an active continental margin setting. Initial ratios of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd exhibit ranges 0.7043–0.7047 and 0.51284 to 0.51287, respectively, with positive εNd_(t) from +4.9 to +5.5 with a young TDM1 age (483–674 Ma); this tracer isotopic data suggesting that the SPG originated from juvenile basaltic crust derived from depleted mantle (~90%) with variable contributions from undepleted mantle and approximately 10% old lower crust, despite diverse processes (e.g. magma mixing and fractional crystallization) during their evolution and emplacement into a local extensional setting within the continental margin arc. The isotopic data are similar to those of other Phanerozoic granitoids of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and corroborate melting of predominantly mantle-derived juvenile crustal protoliths and indicating extensive addition of new continental crust, during Cambrian-Neoproterozoic time, in the suprasubduction zone beneath the central Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. Generation of these types of granitoids favours a model whereby rollback and (or) break-off of a subducted slab with subsequent lithospheric extension triggered by mantle upwelling, heat advection, and underplating resulting in melting of the central UDMA mantle-derived juvenile lower continental crust in the Late Eocene.     

On the scarcity of >3900 Ma detrital zircons in ≥3500 Ma metasediments

Constant volume models for the continental crust require a flux of crustal material back into the mantle (recycling), equal in volume to that of the juvenile igneous suites added to the continental crust throughout time. In growth of crustal volume models, there is not equilibrium between the volume of juvenile crustal additions and any recycling (destruction) of crust. By establishing the proportion of >3900 Ma detrital zircons in early Archaean sediments it might be possible to constrain the relative importance of crustal growth and recycling. Gneiss complexes in western Greenland, northern Labrador and northeastern China contain rare ≥3500 Ma detrital metasediments. In sediments deposited between 3500 and 3600 Ma, ≥3900 Ma zircons have not been detected in a suite of 117 detrital grains. Based on statistical considerations, at the 95% confidence level any ‘missed’ ≥3900 Ma component forms <3% of this suite. Likewise, >3900 Ma detrital grains do not occur amongst 54 detrital grains from (even rarer) 3700–3800 Ma sediments, arguing with 95% certainty that any ‘missed’ ≥3900 Ma component forms <5% of this most ancient suite. If the age spectra of these detrital zircon suites are representative of the complexes in which they reside, then constant volume (recycling=new additions) models require that by 3500 Ma, >97% of >3900 Ma crust was destroyed by recycling. Such an extremely high recycling rate (≈25% of the crust 100 Ma⁻¹) is hard to reconcile with the diversity of initial Nd and Sr isotopic ratios of well preserved early Archaean granitoid suites in the same complexes, because significant average crustal residence times are required to permit the radiogenic isotopic systems to evolve. The most likely interpretation of the detrital zircon record in the Greenland, Labrador and China sediments is that in their provenance areas the volume of continental crust was small at 3900 Ma, and that it grew significantly during the early Archaean. If the measured ≥3500 Ma detrital sediment suites are globally representative, they support growth models for the continental crust in the early Archaean, rather than models involving recycling of a voluminous >3900 Ma sialic crust. Because of its global coverage and the dating of thousands of grains, the age spectra for detrital zircons from 3000–3200 Ma sediments provides a more reliable impression of crustal ages. However, as they were deposited 700–900 Ma after 3900 Ma, the globally small proportion of ≥3900 Ma detrital grains in them (from Jack Hills, Mt. Narryer and Wyoming) can be accommodated in both crustal growth and moderate recycling models.     

Genesis of post-collisional granitoids and basement nature of the Junggar Terrane, NW China: Nd–Sr isotope and trace element evidence

The post-collisional magmatism of the Junggar Terrane is characterized by intrusion of large amounts of granitoids and minor basic/ultrabasic rocks. The granitoids comprise two magmatic suites: calc-alkaline and alkaline, which were emplaced contemporaneously at about 294 Ma. The calc-alkaline rocks are typically sodium-rich (Na₂O/K₂O=1.1–3.5) and metaluminous (A/NK >1.0, A/CNK=0.78–1.04). They show mildly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N<15) and spidergrams with strong depletion of Nb, Ti and, to a lesser extent, Sr. The alkaline granites have high contents of SiO₂ (75–78%), alkalis, Nb, HREE, Y, Sn, F and high FeO/MgO ratios and huge Sr and Eu depletion in the spidergrams. Moreover, they display characteristic tetrad REE patterns and non-CHARAC trace element behaviour. The two rock suites have similar initial Nd and Sr isotopic compositions, with _Nd(T) in the range +5.2 to +7.1 and I_Sr mostly in the range 0.7031–0.7041. This points to a predominance of juvenile components in their sources. The calc-alkaline rocks are most probably derived by dehydration-melting of a basic lower crust leaving behind a granulite residue. The process was probably triggered by underplating of mantle-derived basic magmas in an extensional regime. The alkaline granites are considered to have formed by differentiation of the calc-alkaline granitoids. Our study argues for a juvenile continental crust for the basement of the Junggar terrane, which is likely dominated by early Paleozoic oceanic crust and arc complex that were deeply buried during the late Paleozoic subduction and accretion.     

西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

为更深入了解西准噶尔晚古生代岩浆活动和构造背景,对位于西准噶尔中部的别鲁阿嘎希岩体开展了年代学、地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素研究,讨论了岩石成因、源区性质和构造背景.别鲁阿嘎希花岗闪长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,岩浆锆石结晶年龄为318.7±3.3 Ma.其具相对高的MgO(Mg#=49~59)、Ni、Cr含量,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Sr和Ba)、亏损高强场元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti),轻重稀土元素分异不明显.Sr-Nd同位素特征显示,其有较低的初始Sr比值(0.704 297~0.704 399),较高的ε_Nd(t)值(5.8~6.5).通过综合分析,认为在晚石炭世早期,达尔布特洋壳(板片)俯冲至地幔楔下部,俯冲洋壳板片脱水所产生的流体在上升过程中与地幔楔共同作用,底侵加热由亏损地幔形成不久的年轻地壳(由洋壳和岛弧组成),使其部分熔融形成了别鲁阿嘎希分异I型花岗岩.      

The lower crust of the Gangdese magmatic arc,southern Tibet,implication for the growth of continental crust

Magmatic arcs are thought to be the primary sites of modern-day continental crustal growth, and arc crustal sections provide an exceptional opportunity to directly observe the geological processes that occur there, yet few deeply exposed arc sections are available for direct study. The Gangdese magmatic arc, southern Tibet, formed during the Mesozoic subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and Cenozoic collision between the Indian and Asian continents, and represent juvenile continental crust. However, the petrological components and compositions of the lower crust of the Gangdese arc remain unknown. Based on detailed geological mapping, we conducted a systemic geochemical, geochronological and zircon Hf isotopic study of well-exposed high-grade metamorphic and migmatitic rocks from the lower crust of the eastern Gangdese arc. The results obtained show that Late Cretaceous garnet amphibolites, dioritic and granitic gneisses, and Paleocene–Eocene garnet amphibolites and granitic gneisses are the main components of the Gangdese lower arc crust. These meta-intrusive rocks witnessed a long period of magmatic, and metamorphic and anatectic processes from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Eocene, and have chemical compositions that range from ultramafic to felsic, with an average SiO₂ content of 57.61 wt% and Mg# value of 0.49. These new data indicate firstly that the Gangdese lower arc crust has an overall intermediate composition and typical feature of juvenile crusts, and therefore supports the recent proposition that continental lower crusts are relatively felsic in composition, instead of mafic. We consider that the downward transport of felsic intrusives and associated sedimentary rocks into the deep crustal levels and subsequent partial melting resulted in componential and compositional changes of the Gangdese arc lower crust over time. This is a potential key mechanism in transforming primary lower arc crust to mature continental lower crust for the magmatic arcs with a complete growth history.     

The episodic development of intermediate to silicic volcano-plutonic suites in the Archaean West Pilbara, Australia

Four felsic igneous rock suites in the Archaean West Pilbara have been identified based on geochemistry and geochronology. A voluminous TTG suite formed at ca. 3260 Ma, which appears to be from melting of a mafic-subducted oceanic slab and thus represents generation of new continental crust. A tholeiitic to calc-alkaline volcanic assemblage and coeval granitoids formed at ca. 3120 Ma in an extensional environment. Further TTG magmatism occurred at ca. 3000 Ma, generating both large granitoid complexes and small plutons, again adding new continental crust to the West Pilbara. At 2930-Ma crustal reworking, most likely of the 3000-Ma rocks, generated small plutons that are coeval with layered ultramafic-mafic intrusions in the region. The changes from new crustal material to crustal reworking infer changing tectonic regimes, which is important for models of Archaean continental crust generation. The data presented here indicate that crustal generation mechanisms varied and were episodic in the West Pilbara, implying that early crustal evolution was a result of periodic changes in tectonic regime, which is reflected in the geochemistry of the rocks.     

Evolution of Siderian juvenile crust to Rhyacian high Ba-Sr magmatism in the Mineiro Belt,southern São Francisco Craton

Plutonic rocks from the Mineiro Belt, Brazil record a delayed onset of the transition from TTG to sanukitoid-type magmatism(high Ba-Sr), starting during the Siderian magmatic lull when little juvenile magma was added to the continental crust. Rocks mostly belong to the calc-alkaline series, meta-to peraluminous and originally "Ⅰ-type",meaning that oxidized magmas were formed by partial melting of subducted material. The temporal distribution and apparent secular changes of the magmas are consistent with the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics due to an increase of the subduction angle and opening of the mantle wedge. New isotopic analyses(Sm-Nd whole rock and Lu-Hf in zircon)corroborate the restricted juvenile nature of the Mineiro Belt and confirm the genetic link between the Lagoa Dourada Suite,a rare ca. 2350 Ma high-Al tonalite-trondhjemite magmatic event, and the sanukitoid-type ca. 2130 Ma Alto Maranhao Suite. U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite constrain the crystallisation history of plutonic bodies; coupled with major and trace element analyses of the host rocks, they distinguish evolutionary trends in the Mineiro Belt. Several plutons in the region have ages close to 2130 Ma but are distinguished by the lower concentration of compatible elements in the juvenile high Ba-Sr suite.     

Multi-proxy isotopic tracing of magmatic sources and crustal recycling in the Palaeozoic to Early Jurassic active margin of North-Western Gondwana

We trace source variations of active margin granitoids which crystallised intermittently over ~300 Ma in varying kinematic regimes, by combining zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data from Early Palaeozoic to Early Jurassic igneous and metaigneous rocks in the Mérida Andes, Venezuela and the Santander Massif, Colombia, with new whole rock Rb/Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data, and quartz O isotopic data. These new data are unique in South America because they were obtained from discrete magmatic and metamorphic zircon populations, providing a high temporal resolution dataset, and compare several isotopic systems on the same samples. Collectively, these data provide valuable insight into the evolution of the isotopic structure of the continental crust in long-lived active margins.Phanerozoic active margin-related granitoids in the Mérida Andes and the Santander Massif yield zircon Lu-Hf model ages ranging between 0.77 Ga and 1.57 Ga which clearly define temporal trends that can be correlated with changes in tectonic regimes. The oldest Lu-Hf model ages of >1.3 Ga are restricted to granitoids which formed during Barrovian metamorphism and crustal thickening between ~499 Ma and ~473 Ma. These granitoids yield high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, suggesting that evolved, Rb-rich middle to upper crust was the major source of melt. Granitoids and rhyolites which crystallised during subsequent extension between ~472 Ma and ~452 Ma yield younger Lu-Hf model ages of 0.80 Ga–1.3 Ga and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, suggesting that they were derived from much more juvenile, Rb-poor sources such as mafic lower crust and mantle-derived melts. The rapid change in magmatic sources at ~472 Ma can be attributed either to reduced crustal assimilation during extension, or a short pulse of crustal growth by addition of juvenile material to the continental crust. Between ~472 Ma and ~196 Ma Lu-Hf model ages remain mostly constant between ~1.0 and ~1.2 Ga. The large scatter and the absence of definite trends in initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios suggest that both mafic, Rb-poor, and evolved Rb-rich sources were important precursors of active margin magmas in Colombia and Venezuela throughout the Palaeozoic to the Early Jurassic.Previous studies have shown that the genesis of arc magmas may be stimulated by heat advection to the crust during the underplating of mantle derived melt, but the absence of permanent younging trends in Lu-Hf model ages from ~472 Ma to ~196 Ma suggests that very little new crust was generated during this period in the studied region. An overwhelming majority of the analysed igneous rocks yield zircon Lu-Hf model ages of >1 Ga which may be accounted for by documented local crustal end members of 1 Ga–1.6 Ga, and do not require contributions from the depleted mantle. Therefore, recycling of ~1 Ga and older crust was a dominant process in the north-western corner of Gondwana between ~472 Ma and ~196 Ma.This study shows that whole rock Sm-Nd and zircon Lu-Hf data can be interpreted similarly regarding the age of the source regions, whereas Rb-Sr and O isotope data from the same rocks yield valuable information regarding the geochemical nature of the source.     

Petrogenesis of mid-Carboniferous volcanics and granitic intrusions from western Junggar Basin boreholes: geodynamic implications for the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in Northwest China

The western Junggar Basin is located on the southeastern margin of the West Junggar terrane, Northwest China. Its sedimentary fill, magma petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and formation ages are important for understanding the Carboniferous tectonic evolution and continental growth of the Junggar terrane and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This paper documents a set of new zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic data and whole-rock elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic analytical results for the Carboniferous strata and associated intrusions obtained from boreholes in the western Junggar Basin. The Carboniferous strata comprise basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite with minor pyroclastic rocks, intruded by granitic intrusions with zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb ages of 327–324 Ma. The volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline and show low high ε_Nd(t) values (5.3–5.6) and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703561–0.703931), strong enrichment in LREEs, and some LILEs and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti. Furthermore, they also display high (La/Sm)_N (1.36–1.63), Zr/Nb, and La/Yb, variable Ba/La and Ba/Th and constant Th/Yb ratios. These geochemical data, together with low Sm/Yb (1.18–1.38) and La/Sm (2.11–2.53) ratios, suggest that these volcanic rocks were derived from a 5–8% partial melting of a mainly spinel Iherzolite-depleted mantle metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and melts of some sediments in an island-arc setting. In contrast, the granitic intrusions represent typical adakite geochemical features of high Sr and low Y and Yb contents, with no significant Eu anomalies, high Mg#, and depleted ε_Nd(t) (5.6–6.4) and ε_Hf(t) (13.7–16.2) isotopic compositions, suggesting their derivation from partial melting of hot subducted oceanic crust. In combination with the previous work, the West Junggar terrane and adjacent western Junggar Basin are interpreted as a Mariana-type arc system driven by northwestward subduction of the Junggar Ocean, possibly with a tectonic transition from normal to ridge subduction commencing ca. at 331–327 Ma.     

Neoarchaean quartz diorites in the Jiefangyingzi area,Central Asian Orogenic Belt: geological and tectonic significance

Abstract

Quartz diorite intrusions in the Jiefangyingzi area associated with deformed Palaeozoic rocks of the Palaeozoic Bainaimiao arc magmatic belt on the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) were studied to determine their age, chemical composition, and isotopic characteristics. U–Pb dating of magmatic zircons indicates that the quartz diorites formed in Neoarchaean time between 2502.6 ± 9.1 Ma and 2551 ± 7.3 Ma. The quartz diorites have high Al₂O₃ and low K₂O contents, A/CNK = 0.75–0.97, and belong to the low-K tholeiitic series. The quartz diorites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) with high (La/Yb)_N ratios and exhibit weak positive or no Eu anomalies, characteristics of high-alumina tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) igneous rocks. Zircon ε_Hf(t) value for the quartz diorites ranges from +1.6 to +8.7, and the two-stage Hf-depleted mantle model age (T_DM) ranges from 2705 to 2744 Ma, suggesting that the quartz diorite was derived from melting juvenile Neoarchaean crust formed from partial melting of the mantle at 2.7 Ga. Amphibolite xenoliths have low REE concentrations and are moderately depleted in LREE with (La/Yb)_N ratios of 0.46–1.09. The trace element characteristics of the amphibolites are consistent with a mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like protolith. This is the first time that Archaean rocks have been identified in the Bainaimiao arc magmatic belt and the age and nature of Jiefangyingzi quartz diorites suggest that they belonged to the NCC. The Early Palaeozoic Bainaimiao arc thus appears to represent an Andean-type continental arc on the northern margin of the NCC.     

Isotopic constraints on crustal architecture and Permo‐Triassic tectonics in New Guinea: Possible links with eastern Australia

New U–Pb zircon ages and Sr–Nd isotopic data for Triassic igneous and metamorphic rocks from northern New Guinea help constrain models of the evolution of Australia's northern and eastern margin. These data provide further evidence for an Early to Late Triassic volcanic arc in northern New Guinea, interpreted to have been part of a continuous magmatic belt along the Gondwana margin, through South America, Antarctica, New Zealand, the New England Fold Belt, New Guinea and into southeast Asia. The Early to Late Triassic volcanic arc in northern New Guinea intrudes high‐grade metamorphic rocks probably resulting from Late Permian to Early Triassic (ca 260–240 Ma) orogenesis, as recorded in the New England Fold Belt. Late Triassic magmatism in New Guinea (ca 220 Ma) is related to coeval extension and rifting as a precursor to Jurassic breakup of the Gondwana margin. In general, mantle‐like Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of mafic Palaeozoic to Tertiary granitoids appear to rule out the presence of a North Australian‐type Proterozoic basement under the New Guinea Mobile Belt. Parts of northern New Guinea may have a continental or transitional basement whereas adjacent areas are underlain by oceanic crust. It is proposed that the post‐breakup margin comprised promontories of extended Proterozoic‐Palaeozoic continental crust separated by embayments of oceanic crust, analogous to Australia's North West Shelf. Inferred movement to the south of an accretionary prism through the Triassic is consistent with subduction to the south‐southwest beneath northeast Australia generating arc‐related magmatism in New Guinea and the New England Fold Belt.     

华北克拉通东部显生宙地幔演化

华北克拉通东部显生宙以来的地幔可以划分为3种类型:克拉通型地幔,大陆活动带型地幔和大陆裂谷型地幔。1 700 Ma—古生代末,地幔属于克拉通型:ε(Nd,t)值高于-5,为弱富集型;层圈相互作用以幔源的熔体和/或流体与古老的岩石圈地幔的作用为主,但规模较小,范围局部。100 Ma以前的中生代地幔属于“大陆活动带型”:ε(Nd,t)值低,在-5以下,为富集型;地幔中含有地壳的组分,层圈相互作用以下地壳与弱化的岩石圈地幔之间的作用为主;发生的时间为190~100 Ma,高峰期在130 Ma左右;发生的部位邻近莫霍面,导源的岩浆多为钙碱性系列,部位浅,活动范围广泛。100 Ma至新生代,地幔属于“大陆裂谷型”:为亏损型的软流圈地幔,ε(Nd,t)值高,几乎均为正值。层圈相互作用转变为软流圈岩石圈地幔之间的作用,转变的时间具有约40 Ma的过渡时期,前锋开始于100~109 Ma,导源的岩浆大致沿NWW和NEE向的大型断裂带分布。进一步证实了软流圈地幔上隆的不均匀性和主动性。     

粤西云开地区基底变质岩的组成和形成

云开地块被认为是华南西南部一个重要的前寒武纪变质基底出露区,但对其基底组成的认识仍存在较大争议。本文对云开地块内基底变质岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素分析。分析结果表明云开地块的基底主要由于新元古代-早古生代的变质沉积岩组成。它们具有比上地壳平均成分更高的Si O2和相对更低的Al2O3、Ca O、Na2O,岩石成熟度中等。微量元素与PAAS相似,但Sr、Cr、Ni等强烈亏损,高场强元素Nb、Ta轻度亏损,而大多数样品的Zr、Hf、Th、U等轻度富集,说明源区更富集长英质组分而贫镁铁组分。地球化学特征和碎屑锆石组成指示这套沉积岩形成于被动大陆边缘环境,源区既有古老的再循环物质,也有大量未经明显改造的新元古代岩浆物质。综合本文和前人的锆石U-Pb定年数据,云开地块基底变质岩原岩可以分为两组:第一组样品形成较早(时代上限为850~522Ma),总体年龄谱特征显示出与华夏南岭地区的亲缘性。这组样品的源区主要有4次岩浆作用(2700~2400Ma、1800~1400Ma、1150~900Ma、850~700Ma),均涉及到古老地壳再循环以及新生地壳的加入,但以再循环的物质为主。最主要的新生地壳生长发生在新太古代和Grenville期。而第二组样品的沉积时代在517Ma之后,具有与扬子南缘新元古代沉积岩的相似性。这组亲扬子沉积物的源区具有不同的4次岩浆事件(2600~2350Ma、2000~1750Ma、1700~1500Ma、900~750Ma),新太古代晚期-古元古早期岩浆主要涉及古老基底再循环。古元古晚期-中元古早期岩浆大多起源于新生地壳物质,而新元古代是最重要的新生地壳生长期,同时也涉及大量古老地壳物质的再循环。不同时代沉积岩的碎屑物质组成变化表明大概在522~517Ma之间云开沉积盆地和物源区受到一定程度的构造运动影响,使得源区由华夏地块变成扬子地块。这期构造事件很可能是早古生代造山事件的初始阶段。根据本文资料和其他证据我们认为云开地块归属于华夏板块,扬子与华夏地块的分界线至少在云开地块以北,且很可能在平乐与平南之间。     

Evidences from zircon U-Pb geochronology,whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotope of Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in Baishan area,southern Jilin Province: Constraints on destruction of the North China CratonSCIEI北大核心CSCD

This paper reports new geochemical data including zircon U-Pb ages with Hf isotopic data, whole -rock major and trace isotopic compositions for the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the northeastern North China Craton ( NCC), with the purpose of constraining its petrogenesis and tectonic setting. It also provides a basis for further discussion on the formation and evolution of the lithosphere in the northeastern NCC during the Late Mesozoic. Zircons in the Xinglin granite porphyry, Hongtuya andesitic crystal tuff and Jiangyuan rhyolitic breccia-bearing crystal-lithic tuff all show magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating yield age are 130 +/- 1Ma, 128 +/- 1Ma and 120 +/- 1Ma, respectively. The Xinglin granite porphyry and the Hongtuya andesitic crystal tuff have high content of SiO2, Al2O3 Sr, high Na2O/K2O, Sr/Y and ( La/Yb)(N) ratios. In addition, they exhibit low Y and Yb. They are enriched in LILE ( e. g., Ba, Th and U), depleted in HFSE ( e. g., Nb, Ti and P) with weak negative Eu anomalies (delta Eu =0. 82 similar to 0. 94), showing they are typical of adakitic rocks. The Xinglin granite porphyry has high content of total -alkali, low content of TiO2, characterized by peraluminous-weakly peraluminous granite A/CNK = 1. 06 similar to 1. 14, the zircon saturated temperature values of 798 similar to 815 degrees C and a distribution pattern of LREE enrichment with incline to the right, which indicates it is I -type granite. The zircon ( t) values in the Xinglin granite porphyry ranged 17. 96 0. 19, and the two -stage model ages yield t(DM2) = 1197 similar to 2313Ma, which imply that the Xinglin granite porphyry is derived from partial melting of the thickened mafic lower crust of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic. The zircon epsilon(Hf)( t) values in the Hongtuya andesitic crystal tuff ranged 3. 37 similar to 5. 47, and the two -stage model ages yield t(DM2) = 830 similar to 967Ma, indicating that the Hongtuya andesitic crystal tuff is a metasomatism product of the Neoproterozoic delaminated eclogite lower crust partial melting and mantle peridotite. Combined with the epsilon(Hf)( t) values in the Jiangyuan rhyolitic breccia-bearing crystal-lithic tuff ranged 2. 69 1. 00, and the two -stage model ages yield t(DM2) = 1115 similar to 1349Ma, we conclude that the epsilon(Hf)( t) values of magmatic rocks are heterogeneous in the southern Jilin Province, and the magmatic source area is characterized by multi -component origin, including both ancient crust and juvenile crust. We supposed that there were two accretion evolution events in the continental crust of the northeastern NCC during Proterozoic. Comprehensive studies have shown that subduction and slab roll -back of the Paleo-Pacific plate ( Izanagi) led to the thickened the northeastern NCC being in an extensional tectonic setting during the Early Cretaceous, and the destruction of the northeastern NCC by delamination occurred spatially from west to east. The partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust resulted in a wide distribution of adakitic rocks.     

Major and trace element geochemistry and isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) systematics of an Archaean basement involved in a 2.0 Ga very high-temperature (1000°C) metamorphic event: In Ouzzal Massif, Hoggar, Algeria

The In Ouzzal granulitic massif is composed mainly of various meta-igneous rocks which, in spite of Rb, U, Th, Cs and some K and Sr mobility, can be dated and generally classified according to their chemical composition as follows. Basic and ultrabasic granulites interlayered with the metasediments correspond to (1) ultrabasic cumulates from dislocated tholeiitic bodies, (2) ancient komatiitic to high-Mg tholeiitic basalts similar to the suites found in Archaean greenstone belts and (3) calcalkaline protoliths of high-K andesitic composition. No geochronological constraints are available apart from the depositional age of some associated sediments which is younger than 2.70 Ga detrital zircons, and the Nd model age of the andesitic granulites of c. 3.4 Ga. In spite of the high-grade metamorphism, the acidic magmatic precursors of the charnockites can be divided in three groups. (1) The most juvenile acid orthogneisses are trondhjemitic or tonalitic in composition, being similar to the TTG suites which are classically considered to be formed by partial melting of mantle-derived protoliths. The 3.3–3.2 Ga T_DM indicates a possible age of separation from the mantle reservoir while the plutons may have been emplaced between 3.3 and 2.7 Ga (U–Pb zircon & Nd ages). (2) A group of alkaline granitic gneisses, similar in composition to rift-related-granites, were emplaced at 2650±10 Ma (U–Pb & Rb–Sr ages) in a thick continental crust. (3) Calcalkaline granodioritic and monzogranitic suites derived from the partial melting of continental precursors (3.5–3.3 Ga), in lower to middle levels of the continental crust. They were emplaced close to 2.5 Ga during crustal thickening. The very high-temperature metamorphism occurred at 2002±7 Ma from the age of synfoliation intrusions and was probably related to major overthrusting. Retrogressive metamorphism is dated at 1.95 Ga from garnet-Nd ages. In spite of the very high-temperature conditions, partial melting during granulite facies metamorphism may be restricted to scarce cordierite-bearing monzogranitic gneisses. The 2.0 Ga VHT metamorphism could be related to overthrusting, extensional or underplating processes.