Sichuan University,Chengdu

the limit is the bottleneck problem that restricts the development of special shaped reinforced concrete columns frame.In this paper,it was put forward that six kinds of solutions to control axis press ratio of speci     

Alkali-aggregate reactions in concrete

Concrete durability is adversely affected by expansive reactions between cement alkalies and certain rocks and minerals sometimes used as aggregates. Present trends towards production of portland cements containing higher alkali contents than formerly indicate that the problem may become more acute. Recent work shows that the rocks and minerals involved fall into three groups which leads logically to a three-fold subdivision of the reactions termed here: (I) the alkali-silica reaction, (II) the alkalicarbonate rock reaction, and (III) alkali-silicate reactions. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms of these reactions has practical implications particularly because of the light thrown on the criteria for recognition of potentially expansive rocks and minerals in aggregate source materials. Appropriate preventive measures prior to concrete placing make it possible to avoid the worst effects of these reactions. These include use of low-alkali cement, incorporation of a suitable pozzolan, design to reduce wetting and beneficiation of aggregate. The effectiveness of these measures varies however, depending on the mechanism and severity of the reaction.     

钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道外包混凝土的裂缝控制研究

基于钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道在设计荷载下外包混凝土将带裂缝工作的基本承载特性,以缓解开裂与限裂间的矛盾为指导思想,将减小坝后背管外包混凝土裂缝宽度和提高开裂管道的耐久性作为研究目的,结合模型试验和有限元法,研究了一些裂缝控制措施的应用效果,以及有效的计算内水压力下钢衬外包混凝土裂缝宽度的公式。结果表明：总用钢量相同时,减薄钢衬,加大钢筋用量,减小裂缝宽度效果明显;减薄钢衬外包混凝土厚度,也可减小裂缝宽度;性能可靠的防水涂料具备黏接性强和变形能力高的基本性质,可进一步研究其对提高管道耐久性的长期作用;采用П-780-83规范中的裂缝宽度公式,计算结果与模型试验结果较为符合。     

钢管混凝土超声波检测

钢管混凝土超声波检测是检测钢管内混凝土灌注的质量。某高速公路K20＋544．7－K20＋698．3钢管混凝土拱桥的钢管混凝土拱经超声波检测，判定钢管混凝土有严重缺陷，钢管内混凝土灌注质量是不合格，经开孔取心、挤压试验等方法的验证，不仅证明了检测结论正确，而且证明了超声波是检测钢管混凝土质量的最佳手段。本文就检测实践和检测研究的体会论述了在钢管混凝土拱中可能出现的缺陷类型及其常见部位和混凝土超声波检测的基本原理、检测技术方法及检测信号的分类与分析。     

Viscoelastic damage model for asphalt concrete

The strain rate-dependent mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete was characterized using unconfined compression tests carried out at different loading rates. It was shown that at high strain rates, the elastic deformation and peak axial stress are highly sensitive to strain rate. Both increase as the strain rate increases. At very low strain rates, elastic response and unconfined compressive strength are relatively independent of the loading rate. Based on the experimental observations, a simple viscoelastic damage model is proposed for the strain rate-dependent unconfined compression behavior of asphalt concrete. In the model, strain rate response is modeled by a two-component viscoelastic model consisting of a constant elastic modulus and a viscous modulus that is related by a power-law function to the axial strain rate. Failure and strain softening are modeled via a damage formulation where damage evolution in the asphalt concrete is given by a simple form of the Weibull distribution function. The model was shown to be capable of describing the strain rate-dependent deformation, compressive strength, strain-softening and creep behavior of asphalt concrete. The model is relatively simple and requires only five material parameters.     

采用挤压边墙技术的高面板坝裂缝成因分析

为加快施工进度,国内很多高面板堆石坝都采用了挤压边墙技术,用上游坡面的挤压边墙代替传统的垫层。挤压边墙的施工特点决定了其与上覆面板之间的结构关系将与传统的面板-垫层有很大差别。虽然目前面板坝的施工技术和施工水平较以前有较大的提高,但少数工程仍然出现了比较严重的面板裂缝,而采用挤压边墙技术的面板坝施工期出现的裂缝分布规律与采用面板-垫层施工方法有明显的不同。面板裂缝的产生与面板施工期的应力变形状态密切相关,目前面板堆石坝计算中采用的整体模型方法对面板的概化较多,得到的面板应力精度较差。根据挤压边墙实际的施工特点,提出采用子模型法分析面板的应力变形,对某面板坝工程裂缝成因的分析结果表明,温降和上游坡面局部高程不平整引起的面板与挤压边墙之间的局部约束过大是导致面板裂缝的主要原因。     

Lunar concrete: Prospects and challenges

The possibility of using concrete as a construction material at the Moon surface is considered. Dissimilarities between the Earth and the Moon and their possible effects on concrete are also emphasized. Availability of constituent materials for concrete at lunar surface is addressed. An emphasis is given to two types of materials, namely, hydraulic concrete and sulfur concrete. Hydraulic concrete necessitates the use of water and sulfur concrete makes use of molten sulfur in lieu of cement and water.     

流变变形对高面板堆石坝面板脱空的影响分析

面板堆石坝尤其是高面板堆石坝的运行实践表明,堆石的流变现象比较显著。采用基于直接约束算法的接触力学分析方法模拟了混凝土面板和堆石体之间的接触关系。考虑堆石体的流变特性,并结合天生桥一级面板堆石坝的现场观测结 果,对高面板堆石坝中的面板脱空问题进行了有限元计算分析,研究了坝体流变变形对面板脱空和垫层亏坡问题的影响。     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames

This paper presents the theoretical and computational procedure for nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames under seismic excitations. In the research, physical nonlinearity due to material behavior is introduced for reinforced concrete material and the connection between the material and geometrical nonlinearity is described. An integration procedure for dynamic analysis, based on a step-by-step method with optional iteration, is presented. Results for a series of example analyses are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the computer program.     

Review and enhancement of 3D concrete models for large‐scale numerical simulations of concrete structures

The present paper focuses on selected plasticity and damage‐plasticity models for describing the 3D material behavior of concrete. In particular, a plasticity model and a damage‐plasticity model are reviewed and evaluated. Based on the results of the evaluation, enhancements are proposed, aiming at improving the correspondence between predicted and observed material behavior and aiming at implementing a robust and efficient stress update algorithm in a finite element program for performing large‐scale 3D numerical simulations of concrete structures. The capabilities of the concrete models are demonstrated by 3D numerical simulations of benchmark tests with combined bending and torsional loading and combined compression and shear loading and by a large‐scale 3D finite element analysis of a model test of a concrete arch dam. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塑性混凝土弹性模量室内试验研究

通过4种变形标距的弹性模量试验,研究了塑性混凝土弹性模量的合适测试方法。塑性混凝土棱柱体试件设置300mm、200mm、150mm和100mm共4种测试标距,其中300mm标距下的力和位移数据采用计算机自动采集,其余标距采用人工读数。结果表明,利用自动采集数据模式测得塑性混凝土弹性模量值最稳定,且其值远远小于人工读数模式下的值;一般而言,测试标距小,弹性模量值大,全长标距下弹性模量值最小;利用自动采集数据模式下得到单轴压缩应力应变曲线具有典型初始压缩弯曲段、较长的下降段,而人工读数下几乎不能测出初始压缩弯曲段,而主要表现为较长直线上升段。分析了塑性混凝土利用普通混凝土弹性模量计算公式的不足,提出利用其单轴峰值强度的0.3倍、0.7倍对应的点计算其弹性模量。同时提出室内测试塑性混凝土弹性模量试验时不需预压。     

Modelling of concrete response to fluctuating load

An elastoplastic constitutive model for concrete subjected to cyclic loading conditions is presented. The model is an extension of a recently proposed constitutive concept.⁷ An initial active loading process is described, using the conventional framework of the rate independent theory of plasticity. An appropriate hardening/softening parameter is introduced which allows one to model the sensitivity of material characteristics to varying confining pressure, including a smooth transition from stable to unstable response. For stress histories that include stress reversals, the formulation invokes a set of neutral loading loci defining the conditions of the neutral state.⁸ The field of hardening moduli is specified through an appropriate interpolation rule which enables one to simulate adequately the effect of cyclic degradation of the material. The performance of the model is verified for some typical cyclic loading histories, and the results are compared with existing experimental data.     

Siliceous cellular concrete made from flotation tailings

Based on the results of large-scale industrial experiments, the value of utilizing flotation tailings for the production of cellular concrete is discussed. The paper is confined to the technical and ecological aspects of the process.     

Constitutive modelling of aggregate interlock in concrete

A model for formed cracks in concrete is presented. The model can be used in isolation for existing cracks or linked with other damage or plasticity models and applied once a crack has fully formed. It can be applied directly to interface finite elements or used to control the behaviour of crack planes in more general constitutive models that are applied to 2D and 3D continuum elements. The focus of the present development is on aggregate interlock and crack closing behaviour, which is examined from available experimental data. A contact function is derived and is used to differentiate between three contact states. These states are named open, where there is no contact, interlock, for which the stresses depend upon the nearest distance to the contact surface and closed, for which the stresses depend upon the relative displacements directly. The model is developed within an elasto‐plastic framework using effective stresses, which are related to the total stresses via a contact proportion function. The relationship between the effective normal and shear yield stresses is found to be parabolic and the yield shear stress to be dependent upon the opening and embedment displacements. The performance of the model is assessed against experimental data from shear‐normal tests and it is concluded that the model is able to represent the key characteristics of the behaviour of formed cracks in concrete. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现浇混凝土空心楼盖结构新技术在工程中的应用

现浇混凝土空心楼盖技术是我国建筑结构领域的一项重大创新,它为21世纪建筑现代化提供了技术支承,是一种性能价格比较为优越的高技术水平的结构体系,具有颇高的社会经济价值。     

混凝土面板堆石坝数值仿真分析

分析了面板堆石坝仿真计算中两种材料的本构模型的优缺点,根据混凝土面板堆石坝结构形式和坝体填筑材料物理性质复杂的特点,开发了FORTRAN语言编写的面板坝计算程序。该程序在面板分缝处理中采用分离缝模型的方法,符合实际面板之间的变形特性,并将该程序引进ANSYS商业软件中,充分利用商业软件的界面功能,提出了一种新的面板坝计算机数值模拟分析方法。该方法可以对混凝土面板堆石坝的整个施工过程和运行期进行二维和三维数值模拟计算和图形显示,结果形象、直观清楚。     

Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam

Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam (CFRD), Kurtun dam, located in the East Black Sea Region, Turkey, is investigated. This is the first instrumented CRDF in the Country. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses were carried out to assess the total stresses and displacements in the dam both for construction and reservoir filling stages by using computer program PLAXIS. Predicted stresses and settlements are compared with those observed and overall the results are found to be in good agreement for the construction stage. Due to the relatively steep abutment slopes, cross-valley arching has a significant effect on stresses and displacements in the dam body. For the reservoir filling condition, it is seen that, predicted settlements are larger than the observed values, which indicates that during reservoir filling the rock-fill embankment responds more stiffly than it does during the construction stage. The hardening soil model is used to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behaviour of rock-fill material. The model parameters are selected from the appropriate values in the literature investigating comparable cases.     

Anisotropic model of damage for geomaterials and concrete

A damage model for geomaterials and concrete is proposed. This model expresses the anisotropic character induced by the degradation of material. The law of behavior obtained by differentiation of the free energy shows the dissymmetry effect observed in traction–compression loading and the residual strains caused by the damage. The present approach requires the identification of a reduced number of parameters having a clear physical significance. An application to the case of the uniaxial traction–compression loading shows a good adequacy with the experimental observations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下结构混凝土渗透特性试验研究

根据地下结构承受水压及构件存在裂缝的情况,采用自制混凝土试块模具、自制可控开裂混凝土装置、自制可控压力水头装置、裂缝测宽仪组成的试验系统,在不同水压、氯离子浓度、裂缝宽度以及浸泡时间等工况下进行了开裂混凝土渗透特性试验。试验结果表明：当其他试验条件相同时,压力水头下与自然浸泡状态下的氯离子运移规律有明显的差异,压力水头作用下混凝土各层自由氯离子含量均有明显的提高;存在控制氯离子浸泡溶液运移的裂缝宽度阈值,且该阈值不受水头压力大小的影响。该试验方法可作为同类研究的借鉴和参考。