双酶法制备低黏度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的工艺条件

对双酶法制备用作微胶囊壁材的低黏度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的工艺路线与工艺条件进行了研究。正交实验结果表明，在酯化淀粉乳质量浓度20％、每g淀粉α-淀粉酶的用量为6SKBU的条件下，影响产品性能的各因素中，糖化酶的用量对产品的DE值和流度的影响最大，各因素的重要性依次是：糖化酶的用量、糖化酶作用时间、α-淀粉酶保温作用时间。最佳工艺条件是：α-淀粉酶保温作用时间4min，每g淀粉糖化酶用量0．2GAU，糖化酶作用时间2．5h．此时产品的DE值为30，流度为80左右。     

木瓜蛋白酶在制取青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白中的应用

研究了木瓜蛋白酶的酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间、加水量、pH值对青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的影响 ,探讨了α 氨态氮含量与青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的关系。结果表明 :温度小于 5 0℃ ,随着酶解温度的提高、酶浓度的增加、酶解时间的延长青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率及α 氨态氮的含量均增加 ,α 氨态氮含量增加比可溶性蛋白得率的增加明显 ;加水量的增加 ,可溶性蛋白得率增加 ;pH值对水解效果及可溶性蛋白得率影响不大。综合考虑 ,最佳水解条件为 :温度 5 0℃ ,酶浓度为 1 5 0 0u/g ,酶解时间 80min ,m原料 :m水 =1∶2 ,pH 6 8。酶解所得可溶性蛋白经氨基酸分析仪检测 ,其氨基酸总量为 49 47mg/mL ,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的 41 0 % ,游离氨基酸含量为 6 3mg/mL ,肽含量为 87 2 %。     

超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的研究

以月腹刺鲀(Gastrophysus lunaris)卵巢为原料,利用超声波辅助提取河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin,TTX)。通过单因素实验及二次回归旋转组合设计实验研究液料比、超声温度、超声时间等因素对提取率的影响,确定超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:在实验范围内影响河豚毒素得率的各因素大小依次为液料体积质量比、超声温度、超声时间;超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件为液料体积(mL)质量(g)比3.03∶1,超声温度39℃,超声时间22 min,该工艺条件下提取河豚毒素得率为63.57μg/g。     

用膨润土处理含铅离子废水的研究

用膨润土对模拟含pb2 离子的废水进行了试验研究.结果表明:膨润土是一种有效的吸附剂.其在粒径范围为200-300目,温度30℃左右,用量每1L含铅废水(50mg/1)为3g,pH值在大于7中性至碱性,振荡时间为45min的实验条件下,对废水中Pb2 去除效率高于97%.     

培养条件对破囊壶菌生长及其产DHA的影响

探讨了培养温度、pH、光照、种龄、接种量以及培养时间等培养条件对破囊壶菌ThraustochytriumroseumMF2生长及其产DHA的影响。结果表明 ,T roseumMF2生长及其产DHA的适宜条件为 :培养温度 2 5℃、初始pH值 6～ 7、种龄 4 8h、接种量 4 %、培养时间 4d ,生物量达到 1 0 4g L ,DHA产量达到1 2 6 6mg L。     

污泥吸附剂制备的研究

为探索城市污泥资源化的途径,以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用氯化锌活化法制备污泥吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、固液比、活化温度、活化时间4种因素对制备污泥吸附剂碘吸附值的影响,并对吸附剂进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:氯化锌浓度3mol/L、固液比1:2、活化温度550℃和活化时间40min为最佳制备条件,此条件下制得的污泥吸附剂碘吸附值为408.94mg/g,比表面积199.196m2/g,总孔体积为0.481cm3/g,微孔体积为0.089cm3/g,平均孔径为4.83nm。与商品活性炭相比,污泥吸附剂的碘吸附值和比表面积较小,孔径较宽,微孔所占比例较小,主要以过渡结构为主。     

氧化亚铜可见光催化降解罗丹明B的初步研究

以Cu2O粒子为光催化剂，太阳光为光源，研究了Cu2O粒子对可溶性染料罗丹明B的光催化降解情况。并考察了不同光源，光照时间，催化剂用量，双氧水加入量和溶液的酸度等对罗丹明B光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明，Cu2O粒子在太阳光照射下，能较好地降解罗丹明B，其最佳反应条件为：罗丹明B浓度为5mg／L，催化剂（Cu2O）为0．75g／L，pH值为5．2，H2O2加入量1．0％，反应时间25min。此条件下，罗丹明B的降解率达到100％，即与在500W高压汞灯紫外（λ=365nm）光照有相同的降解效果。     

水热活化法提取粉煤灰中的氧化铝

采用高压水热活化法对预先烧制的粉煤灰进行碱溶实验,探讨钙硅摩尔比、碱液浓度、液固比、苛性比、反应温度、反应时间等影响因素对于氧化铝溶出率的影响。考虑到氧化铝溶出率及反应成本等各方面因素,得出氧化铝溶出的适宜条件。结果表明：碱溶条件下,钙硅摩尔比为1.0,溶液碱浓度为350 g/L,液固比为10∶1,苛性比为14,反应温度280℃,活化时间为2 h。通过氧化铝溶出工艺条件的优化,可使氧化铝提取率达到95％以上。     

丙脒盐酸盐的合成工艺研究

采用单因子实验及均匀实验设计,考察了影响丙脒盐酸盐收率的因素,经回归分析,得出了合成丙脒盐酸盐的优化工艺条件:物料配比n(CH3CH2CN)﹕n(CH3OH)﹕n(HCl)=1﹕1.1﹕1.1;整个反应体系为无水体系;在反应前期,溶液温度为0~10℃,pH值为4.0左右,反应时间为9 h;在反应后期,溶液温度为0~20℃,pH值为8.0~8.5;氨-甲醇溶液的质量分数为15.0%。在此优化工艺条件下,丙脒盐酸盐的收率为94.0%,含量≥99%。     

三氯化铁絮凝小球藻的采收工艺

【目的】研究三氯化铁对小球藻絮凝采收效果的影响,并优化采收工艺条件。【方法】分析FeCl₃浓度、小球藻初始浓度和絮凝时间对小球藻采收效率影响,利用响应面法优化利用FeCl₃采收小球藻的工艺参数。【结果】单因素实验表明,FeCl₃质量浓度为0.6 g/L、小球藻初始质量浓度为0.42 g/L和絮凝时间为30 min时,小球藻的采收效率最高。响应面法分析表明,小球藻初始浓度对小球藻采收率有显著影响(P<0.05);影响采收效率的主次因素顺序为小球藻初始浓度>FeCl₃浓度>絮凝时间;FeCl₃浓度和小球藻初始浓度的交互作用对小球藻的采收效率有显著影响(P<0.05);FeCl₃浓度二次项对小球藻的采收效率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】利用FeCl₃采收小球藻的最佳工艺条件:小球藻初始质量浓度为0.55 g/L,FeCl₃质量浓度为0.6 g/L,絮凝时间为38 min,此时的采收效率为(98.6±1.9)%。     

生物采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及培养条件优化

为研究生物酶采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的初、复筛选及培养条件优化,从大庆原油样品中筛选菌种,通过水解酪素的透明圈实验及福林酚测蛋白酶酶活的方法进行菌株的初、复筛选;以蛋白酶酶活为优化指标,采用单因素实验对筛选的产蛋白酶菌株的培养基及培养条件进行优化,优化最适培养基:可溶性淀粉为15g/L,蛋白胨为20g/L,酵母膏为20g/L,NaCl为1.0g/L,CaCl2为0.02g/L,Na2HPO4为0.2g/L,NaH2PO4为0.1g/L;在初始pH为6.0、接种量为5%(体积分数)、温度为31℃、摇床转速为160r/min的条件下,培养72h后,菌株的蛋白酶酶活为551.0U/mL,为复筛选菌株的蛋白酶酶活的22.92倍,即为菌株生长繁殖及代谢的最佳条件,能够获得更高的蛋白酶酶活,有利于后续实验的进行.结果表明:菌株产蛋白酶对原油作用效果为发酵液表面张力从作用前的56.2mN/m降低到作用后的30.5mN/m,表面张力显著降低,还有降解降黏原油等效果,具有一定的研究价值.     

含氯消毒剂在水环境中的次生产物及其致突变性研究

通过 GC/MS法对池塘在用含氯消毒剂消毒前后水体中有机物的鉴定比较 ,发现含氯消毒剂在水环境中的主要次生产物为三氯甲烷 ,其生成量与消毒剂的用量、作用时间、反应温度、p H及光照等有关。这种次生产物具有一定的致突变活性 ,因此在养殖生产中必须严格控制消毒的使用量和使用条件 ,尽可能消除其不利影响     

基于元胞自动机模型的河道汇流过程模拟

对河道汇流过程进行模拟可为洪水灾害预警预报提供参考。利用水力水文学方法能很好地模拟河道汇流过程,但需要输入的参数多,运算过程复杂,对数据精度要求高,而且在无资料区流域无法确定河道上断面流量情况下,该方法具有一定局限性。本文将元胞自动机模型与水文模型相结合,构建了河道汇流过程中的元胞自动机模型和产流汇流规则。通过建立河道坡面拓扑关系,利用SCS-CN（Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number）模型逐个计算河道元胞上的坡面入流,并利用曼宁方程模拟河道汇流过程,最后在ArcEngine平台下进行二次开发,实现了河道汇流可视化。本文以厦门市茂林溪流域为研究区,对1997年5月6日至7日的一场降雨进行了模拟。将本文模拟结果与该流域其他学者的研究进行了对比分析,结果表明在输入数据与水文模型参数相同的情况下,本文不仅模拟出每次降雨间隔产生的较小洪峰,并且整场降雨产生的最大洪峰流量精度与时间精度均提高了5倍,可以更准确地模拟河道汇流过程,适用于河道汇流可视化,该模拟可以为洪水灾害预警预报提供一定参考。     

文人主导下的群体性办刊模式——20世纪40年代港版《文艺生活》的办刊模式及其省思

在20世纪40年代后期香港特殊的时空环境中,国内流亡文人与其所办刊物的生存方式是一个耐人寻味的话题。司马文森之于港版《文艺生活》月刊的办刊策略适时调整为文人主导下的群体性办刊模式,主要表现为出版资金的群体性支持,发行上的群众性和杂志稿源的群众性。这种独特的办刊模式不仅丰富了人们对20世纪40年代文学期刊办刊模式的认识,有助于人们更加深入地了解四十年代现代文学(尤其是华南现代文学)和现代作家的历史境遇和现代命运,而且对于当下一些文学杂志以及其他刊物的办刊策略和市场运作等方面具有后瞻性的意义和价值。     

Purification and characterization of iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase from Enteromorpha linza

A superoxide dismutase was purified from Enteromorpha linza using a simple and safe procedure, which comprised phosphate buffer extraction, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose column, and gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 200 10/300GL. The E. linza superoxide dismutase （E/SOD） was purified 103.6-fold, and a yield of 19.1% and a specific activity of 1 750 U/rag protein were obtained. The SDS-PAGE exhibited E/SOD a single band near 23 kDa and the gel filtration study showed E/SOD＇s molecular weight is near 46 kDa in nondenatured condition, indicating it＇s a homodimeric protein. E/SOD is an iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase （Fe-SOD） because it was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide, insensitive to potassium cyanide. The optimal temperature for its maximal enzyme activity was 35℃, and it still had 29.8% relative activity at 0℃, then E/SOD can be classified as a cold-adapted enzyme. E/SOD was stable when temperature was below 40℃ or the pH was within the range of 5 10. The first 11 N-terminal amino acids orE/SOD were ALELKAPPYEL, comparison of its N-terminal sequence with other Fe-SOD N-terminal sequences at the same position suggests it is possibly a chloroplastic Fe-SOD.     

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Isolation of protein from Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 using liquid biphasic flotation assisted with sonication through sugaring-out effect

Microalgae, a sustainable source of multi beneficial components has been discovered and could be utilised in pharmaceutical, bioenergy and food applications. This study aims to investigate the sugaring-out effect on the recovery of protein from wet green microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 which was assisted with sonication. A comparison of monosaccharides and disaccharides as one of the phaseforming constituents shows that the monosaccharides, glucose was the most suitable sugar in forming the phases with acetonitrile to enhance the production of protein(52% of protein). The protein productivity of microalgae was found to be significantly influenced by the volume ratio of both phases, as the yield of protein increased to 77%. The interval time between the sonication as well as the sonication modes were influencing the protein productivity as well. The optimum protein productivity was obtained with 10 s of resting time in between sonication. Pulse mode of sonication was suitable to break down the cell wall of microalgae compared to continuous mode as a lower protein yield was obtained with the application of continuous mode. The optimum condition for protein extraction were found as followed: 200 g/L glucose as bottom phase with volume ratio of I:1.25, 10 s of resting time for ultrasonication, 5 s of ultrasonication in pulse mode and 0.25 g of biomass weight. The high yield of protein about 81% could be obtained from microalgae which demonstrates the potential of this source and expected to play an important role in the future.     

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Induction of ovulation in female mud skipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirest ris) by HCG,analogue of LHRH and pimozide

The effects of two intraperitoneal injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or [D-ALA⁶, pro⁹-N-ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A), respectively, and the combined effect of LHRH-A with pimozide (PIM), a dopamine antagonist, on ovulation in female mud skipper were investigated. A high rate of ovulation (83.3%) was observed after injection with HCG(30 I. U./g). Injection of LHRH-A at a total dosage of 2 μg/g was 100% effective in inducing ovulation. No ovulations occurred in the group receiving a low dosage of LHRH-A (0.02 μg/g). Injection of LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g) with PIM (10 or 20 μg/g) induced greater ovulatory response than injection with LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g) alone. PIM at total dosages of 0.2 μg/g or 2 μg/g did not enhance the potency of LHRH-A to stimulate ovulation.