地震科学信息需求的特点

论述了研究地震科学信息需求的目的和必要性，紧密结合地震科学的实际分析了地震平常信息需求的特点，并据此就加强和改善地震科技信息工作。最大限度地满足地震科学的信息需求提出了相应的意义和建议。     

新的机遇,新的挑战--关于"十五"工作的设想

地震科学经历近百年的发展,现已步入中年.文章介绍针对地震科学当前面临的主要问题,IASPEI采取的措施和努力的方向,其中强调了宽频带数字地震观测在地震研究中的作用.这些背景值得我们在编制"十五"规划时借鉴.     

面向市县级网站发布地震信息方式探讨

依据陕西地震台网速报信息发布流程,以及地震速报信息向地市地震网站发布的实际情况,利用"十五"门户网站管理软件,在技术上探讨了地震速报信息向市县级地震网站快速发布的三种方式.     

地震信息分类与编码研究

回顾了我国地震信息分类与编码研究的现状,分析了地震信息分类与编码研究中存在的问题,指出加强地震信息分类与编码体系研究,优先制定基础性地震信息分类与编码标准的重要性,分类时除应遵守分类基本原则,还应发掘信息本身特性,提出分类的个性原则.     

与地震预测有关的关键物理问题

本文介绍与当前地震预测/预报研究密切相关的若干关键物理问题,它们包括断层带结构、应力变化问题、统一考虑"静地震"、"慢地震"、蠕变与天然地震的宏观地震行为、地震的"成核"以及地震作为复杂系统的性质等问题的研究进展以及相关研究面临的机遇与挑战。未来通过对相关物理问题开展有针对性的观测、实验室实验和理论研究将极大地促进中国地震科学基础研究和地震预报的进一步发展。     

地震信息紧急传输系统的研制--原子能研究所实时地震防灾研究

作为日本科学技术厅"地震综合拓展研究"的一个环节,日本原子能研究所于1996年开始大力推进"安全抗震、防灾的研究".该研究包含4个研究项目:①与包括原子能设施在内的产业设施的安全抗震有关的地震危险性评价和②设备减震研究;③与防止地震灾害有关的实时地震防灾和④紧急时刻信息传输方法.下面介绍其中的"实时地震防灾研究"的研究计划.     

信息整合是地震政务网站建设的基础和关键——中国地震局门户网站建设的几点思考

电子政务是国民经济和社会信息化的重要内容,也是当前和今后一个时期我国信息化工作的重点。本文从信息整合的概念及面临的形势阐述了地震政务网站信息整合分类体系构架和面向公共服务的构成,提出了地震政务网站信息整合的新思路。     

论地震科普宣传信息社会化

地震科普宣传具有社会性、科学性、实践性、综合性和时效性相对较强的特点。它作为一种信息,尤其要以科学事实为根据、以自己特殊的规律来表现适应民众心理的实质内容。本文用系统论、心理学、信息论的观点,试图从信息的传播、及馈及其科学管理的角度,探索开展地震防震减灾社会宣传工作的规律,提出如何进一步提高地震科学的社会宣传功能,更好地为四化建设服务的问题,供探讨、交流。     

天津地震信息网络系统的安全建设1

本文从当前网络所面临的安全问题出发,阐述了天津地震信息网络系统所面临的安全威胁,以及针对这些情况所进行的信息网络系统的安全建设工作.文中详细列举了系统中使用的安全设备与应用情况,以及日常运行和维护管理中的措施要点,可为行业中网络安全系统建设提供一定参考.     

地震信息融媒体公共服务研究

地震信息传播已进入实时、全面、多维的公共服务时代，单一媒体地震信息服务已无法满足政府、社会公众和地震行业需求，地震信息向融媒体公共服务模式发展。本文对地震信息内容服务需求及特点、地震媒体平台功能特色、融合式媒体信息服务模式等进行分析，对地震信息融媒体公共服务进行研究，旨在提高地震信息服务效率与用户满意度，促进地震信息化建设科学、健康发展。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.