甘肃省敖包山晶质石墨矿集区地质特征及地质经济意义

敖包山晶质石墨矿集区位于阿尔金石墨重要成矿带东段,成矿条件优越。该区的晶质石墨矿赋矿地层为太古宇—古元古界敦煌岩群,矿体皆呈层状产出,矿体的产出严格受地层控制。晶质石墨矿片径大,品位高,品质优,晶质石墨资源储量大,敖包山晶质石墨矿集区的发现,在地质和经济方面都将具有重大意义。     

坦桑尼亚纳钦圭阿石墨成矿带地质特征及成因初析

纳钦圭阿石墨成矿带位于坦桑尼亚南部林迪—姆特瓦拉地区,近年来发现一系列大型、超大型优质晶质石墨矿,尚未见系统报道。该成矿带东西宽约40km,南北长约120km,区域岩性为一套中高变质的片麻岩、片岩、石英岩、大理岩、角闪岩等,局部混合岩化强烈。地层呈NE—NEE向展布,局部平卧褶皱、鞘褶皱等发育,断裂构造以NE向为主,多顺层产出,NW向断层常错断石墨含矿地层。石墨矿体呈层状、似层状产出,发育多层矿体。矿体规模沿走向延伸从500m～10km,矿体群宽度100～500m,单矿体厚度2～100m。矿石类型以片岩型、片麻岩型为主,在石英岩、大理岩、伟晶岩中常见石墨矿化。围岩与夹石主要有片岩、片麻岩、大理岩、角闪岩等。原矿石墨片径多为0.10～2.40mm,+100目含量大多大于95%,+50目含量大于67%,精矿石墨片径+100目含量为54%～75%,+50目含量为12%～49%。石墨矿石主量元素具有富铝硅贫钙的特征,根据地球化学原岩恢复图解投点,原岩为一套含碳、富铝的泥砂质沉积建造,可能混入少量火成岩。初步分析认为,纳钦圭阿成矿带晶质石墨矿床成因属于区域变质型矿床,成矿物质来源主要为原岩中的有机碳。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗依肯脑包石墨矿地质特征及成因

内蒙古乌拉特中旗依肯脑包石墨矿为一套角闪-绿片岩相的区域变质岩系,矿区构造以褶皱构造和脆性断裂为主,形成该区的构造格架。矿区地层主要为色尔腾山岩群东五分子岩组二岩段,矿体分布受层位控制,呈层状、似层状,部分为透镜状,其产状与围岩一致。通过地质填图、探槽揭露、激电异常等方法,最终圈定出6条石墨矿(化)体,其走向呈北西向,矿体平均品位在3.97%~4.77%之间。该矿的成矿物质与东五分子岩组(二云)石英片岩同时沉积,片岩中赋存的成矿物质经3期区域变质作用形成晶质石墨。因此,该矿床属区域变质型晶质石墨矿。     

攀枝花中坝乡天宝山石墨矿床地质特征及找矿标志

天宝山石墨矿赋存于前震旦系康定群冷竹关组片岩建造中,呈似层状产出。根据岩性、碳质来源及矿床成因等地质特征,天宝山石墨矿属于沉积变质型矿床。天宝山石墨矿床找矿标志矿主要有地层时代标志(前震旦系康定群冷竹关组变质岩层)、岩性标志(云母石英片岩)、岩浆岩标志(石英闪长岩)和物探异常标志(低电阻、高极化率)。在调查区共圈定石墨矿体3条,其中KT1矿体走向最大长度约1.92km,矿体最大出露厚度约12m,矿石品位3%～14.95%。通过地质和物探工作,发现天宝山石墨矿成矿规模大,具有较大的社会经济价值。     

攀枝花中坝乡天宝山石墨矿床地质特征及找矿标志

天宝山石墨矿赋存于前震旦系康定群冷竹关组片岩建造中,呈似层状产出。根据岩性、碳质来源及矿床成因等地质特征,天宝山石墨矿属于沉积变质型矿床。天宝山石墨矿床找矿标志矿主要有地层时代标志(前震旦系康定群冷竹关组变质岩层)、岩性标志(云母石英片岩)、岩浆岩标志(石英闪长岩)和物探异常标志(低电阻、高极化率)。在调查区共圈定石墨矿体3条,其中KT1矿体走向最大长度约1.92km,矿体最大出露厚度约12m,矿石品位3%～14.95%。通过地质和物探工作,发现天宝山石墨矿成矿规模大,具有较大的社会经济价值。     

陕西丹凤县回头山晶质石墨矿的发现及地质意义

新发现的丹凤县回头山晶质石墨矿位于北秦岭复合岛弧杂岩带之东部,成矿区划为北秦岭Au-Cu-Mo-Sb-石墨-蓝晶石-红柱石-金红石成矿带。矿体赋存于古元古界秦岭岩群雁岭沟岩组和中元古界峡河岩群寨根岩组中,目前圈定晶质石墨矿体4条,初步估算晶质石墨矿物量达中型规模。在对成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、地球物理特征、矿石类型、矿石矿物赋存状态及特征开展研究的基础上,文章对矿床成因进行了初步探讨并归纳总结区域找矿标志。研究表明,回头山晶质石墨矿矿体多呈层状、似层状展布,全区固定碳含量2.57%～11.51%,平均值为5.90%。矿石类型可分为大理岩型、片岩型和片麻岩型三种,是区域变质型矿床。     

攀枝花中坝乡天宝山石墨矿床地质特征及找矿标志

天宝山石墨矿赋存于前震旦系康定群冷竹关组片岩建造中,呈似层状产出。根据岩性、碳质来源及矿床成因等地质特征,天宝山石墨矿属于沉积变质型矿床。天宝山石墨矿床找矿标志矿主要有地层时代标志(前震旦系康定群冷竹关组变质岩层)、岩性标志(云母石英片岩)、岩浆岩标志(石英闪长岩)和物探异常标志(低电阻、高极化率)。在调查区共圈定石墨矿体3条,其中KT1矿体走向最大长度约1.92km,矿体最大出露厚度约12m,矿石品位3%～14.95%。通过地质和物探工作,发现天宝山石墨矿成矿规模大,具有较大的社会经济价值。     

河南淅川县徐家湾-李家营石墨矿床地质特征及成因探讨

徐家湾-李家营石墨矿位于秦岭造山带东段南支,木家垭-内乡断裂与淅川断裂之间的小陡岭-老灌河石墨成矿带的东端。通过预查工作,在矿区内古元古界大沟岩组中圈定出10个石墨矿体,矿体呈层状且大致平行,产状与地层一致,沿走向和倾向局部有分枝复合现象,矿床规模大型。矿石的自然类型为石墨斜长片麻岩型和石墨石英片岩型,工业类型为需选矿细鳞片晶质石墨矿。矿床成因类型为沉积变质矿床,并具有后期构造、混合岩化和岩浆热液叠加富集特征。     

马达加斯加石墨矿地质特征及其成因分析

马达加斯加石墨矿资源丰富,找矿潜力大。对马达加斯加东部及西南部3个典型石墨矿床进行综合对比研究,发现其石墨矿成因类型为区域变质型,矿石工业类型以大鳞片晶质石墨为主,自然类型可分为片岩型、片麻岩型及变粒岩型,石墨矿赋矿地层为Graphite岩系。对含矿岩石进行主量元素分析,认为其原岩为富含有机质、富铝的砂质、粉砂质、泥质沉积碎屑岩;形成环境为活动大陆边缘区域和大陆岛弧区域。马达加斯加石墨矿床的形成均经历了多次变质作用,富含有机质岩石主要通过区域变质作用形成晶质石墨矿床,并在混合岩化及深层次韧性剪切作用下进一步富集成矿。     

坦桑尼亚林迪地区纳钦圭阿石墨矿床地质特征及找矿模型

坦桑尼亚林迪地区是世界上重要的石墨成矿带,纳钦圭阿石墨矿是成矿带新发现的典型矿床之一。矿区分南北2个矿段,共圈定工业矿体17条,推断石墨矿物资源量>100万t,固定碳平均品位为4.05%。矿体赋存于石墨片岩-片麻岩中,呈层状、透镜状产出,走向北东—北北东,产状与围岩一致,矿体与围岩呈渐变过渡关系。矿石类型为石墨片岩-片麻岩型,矿石矿物为鳞片状石墨,脉石矿物主要为石英、长石、云母及少量金属矿物。矿石中片度≥147 μm（+100目）的石墨占94.43%,工业类型为大鳞片晶质石墨矿石。以视极化率6%为异常下限,共圈定4处激电异常,高极化率异常与低电阻率异常对应良好,探矿工程确定为矿体出露位置。该石墨矿的找矿模型：新元古代莫桑比克活动带中一套中高级副变质岩系为区域找矿标志,石墨片岩、石墨片麻岩露头为矿区找矿的直接标志,延伸方向与地层走向一致的条带状低阻、高极化异常带为地球物理找矿标志。该石墨矿的地质特征及找矿模型可作为在坦桑尼亚寻找同类矿床的参考。     

上扬子北缘川北地区结晶基底晶质石墨矿数据集

上扬子北缘川北地区出露的基底地层发育双层结构,其中上层的褶皱基底早已发现尖山、坪河、庙坪等中—大型、超大型石墨矿;但是直到最近,才在下层的结晶基底后河岩群汪家坪岩组细粒石英岩中发现了石墨矿。该矿体长约200米,宽约6.7米,矿体平均厚度4.9米,矿石平均品位5.13%。矿物组合为：石英+石墨+云母+黄铁矿+赤铁矿。该成果在上扬子北缘地区的发现,扩大了该区域的找矿前景,为区内晶质石墨矿的找矿工作提供了新的方向,同时为四川巴中地区超大型晶质石墨矿基地建设提供了新的资源潜力保障。数据集包括Excel表格数据,2个*.xls类型文件,记录了样品固定碳测试结果和氧化物测试数据。     

坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗地区班巴拉维石墨矿床地质特征及找矿标志

班巴拉维石墨矿位于坦桑尼亚克拉通东部的乌萨迦兰造山带内,区域地层变形变质作用强烈。矿区内已发现12条石墨矿带,圈定了16个石墨矿体,估算石墨矿物量超过300万吨,矿床规模达到大型。该矿床类型为沉积变质型矿床,赋矿岩石为元古代乌萨迦兰超群鲁匡古勒组特戈特罗段变质岩,矿石类型为含石墨的片麻岩型,工业类型为粗大鳞片状晶质石墨矿石。本文为探寻适合莫罗戈罗地区的石墨矿勘查方法,通过分析含矿岩系、矿体、矿石及矿体激电异常等矿床地质特征,总结了班巴拉维石墨矿的矿床成因、成矿模式和找矿标志,认为"矿化露头调查+激电剖面测量+钻探深部查证"等技术手段相结合在晶质石墨矿床勘查中能起到良好的找矿效果,论文研究可为相似成矿带石墨矿勘查及同类型矿床找矿提供借鉴作用。     

陕西八卦庙金矿床深部矿体形态变化分析

陕西八卦庙金矿床1290m标高以上矿体为层状、似层状、透境状,单矿体最大厚度70．3m,金品位≥3×10^-6。62-72线长200m,宽200m范围内金品位≥2×10^-6,形状完整。从1290m标高以下矿体均分支为单脉体,厚度2～10m,地质品位≥3×10^-6,矿体形态上,下部与深部变化较大。     

西天山博故图金矿床地质特征和找矿预测

博故图金矿床位于西天山石炭纪—二叠纪裂谷带中,其矿体赋存于构造破碎带内的大哈拉军山组火山碎屑岩、石英钠长斑岩及辉绿岩中。矿体受东西向基底断裂和北西向次级张扭性断裂带控制,对围岩没有选择性。与金矿化紧密相关的蚀变类型为硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂矿化、泥化、绿泥石化。依据火试金分析结果圈定金矿体42条,矿体长45~1050 m,斜深34~670 m,平均厚度1.31~9.49 m,最大35.2 m,平均品位1.2~3.46×10-6,最高品位40×10-6,矿床平均品位2.01×10-6,金资源量(控制+探明+推测)达大型,矿床类型为浅成低温热液型金矿。金矿带上发育金、砷、银、钼等元素异常,矿体位于激电高极化率异常梯度带上,物、化探综合勘查成果显示Ⅰ号金矿带及其外围仍有很大找金潜力。     

Structural, chemical, and isotopic microanalytical investigations of graphite from supernovae

We report the results of coordinated ion microprobe and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of presolar graphites from the KE3 separate (1.65-1.72 g/cm³) of the Murchison CM2 meteorite. Isotopic analysis of individual graphites (1-12 μm) with the ion microprobe shows many to have large ¹⁸O excesses combined with large silicon isotopic anomalies, indicative of a supernova (SN) origin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultramicrotome slices of these SN graphites revealed a high abundance (25-2400 ppm) of internal titanium carbides (TiCs), with a single graphite in some cases containing hundreds of TiCs. Isotopic compositions of individual TiCs by nanoscale resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) confirmed their presolar origin. In addition to TiCs, composite TiC/Fe grains (TiCs with attached iron-nickel subgrains) and solitary kamacite internal grains were found. In the composite grains, the attached iron phase (kamacite [0-24 at. % Ni] or taenite [up to 60 at. % Ni]) was epitaxially grown onto one or more TiC faces. In contrast to the denser Murchison KFC1 graphites, no Zr-Ti-Mo carbides were observed. The average TiC diameters were quite variable among the SN graphites, from 30 to 232 nm, and were generally independent of the host graphite size. TiC grain morphologies ranged from euhedral to anhedral, with the grain surfaces exhibiting variable degrees of corrosion, and sometimes partially amorphous rims (3 to 15 nm thick). Partially amorphous rims of similar thickness were also observed on some solitary kamacite grains. We speculate that the rims on the internal grains are most plausibly the result of atom bombardment caused by drift of grains with respect to the ambient gas, requiring relative outflow speeds ∼100 km/s (i.e., a few percent of the SN mass outflow speed).Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) of TiCs revealed significant V in solid solution, with an average V/Ti ratio over all TiCs of ∼83% of the solar value of 0.122. Significant variations about the mean V/Ti ratio were also seen among TiCs in the same graphite, likely indicating chemical equilibration with the surrounding gas over a range of temperatures. In general, the diversity in internal TiC properties suggests that TiCs formed first and had substantially diverse histories before incorporation into the graphite, implying some degree of turbulent mixing in the SN outflows.In most graphites, there is a decrease in the number density of TiCs as a function of increasing radial dis- tance, caused by either preferential depletion of TiCs from the gas or an acceleration of graphite growth with decreasing ambient temperature. In several graphites, TiCs showed a trend of larger V/Ti ratios with increasing distance from the graphite center, an indication of progressive equilibration with the surrounding gas before they were sequestered in the graphites. In all but one graphite, no trend was seen in the TiC size vs. distance from the graphite center, implying that appreciable TiC growth had effectively stopped before the graphites formed, or else that graphite growth was rapid compared to TiC growth. Taken together, the chemical variations among internal grains as well as the presence of partially amorphous rims and epitaxial Fe phases on some TiCs clearly indicate that the phase condensation sequence was TiC, followed by the iron phases (only found in some graphites) and finally graphite. Since graphite typically condenses at a higher temperature than iron at low pressures (<10⁻³ bars) in a gas with C > O and otherwise solar composition, the observed condensation sequence implies a relative iron enrichment in the gas or greater supersaturation of graphite relative to iron.The TEM observations allow inferences to be made about the physical conditions in the gas from which the grains condensed. Given the TiC sizes and abundances, the gas was evidently quite dusty. From the observed TiC size range of ∼20 nm to ∼500 nm (assuming ∼1 yr growth time and T ∼ 1800°K), we infer minimum Ti number densities in the gas to be ∼7 × 10⁴ to ∼2 × 10⁶ atoms/cc, respectively. Although the gas composition is clearly not solar, for scale, these number densities would correspond to a pressure range of ∼0.2 μbar to ∼5.0 μbar in a gas of solar composition. They also correspond to minimum TiC grain number densities of ∼3 × 10⁻⁴ to ∼0.2 grains/cc, assuming complete condensation of Ti in TiC. We estimate the maximum ratio of mean TiC grain separation distance in the gas to grain diameter from the Ti number densities as ∼3 × 10⁵ to ∼1 × 10⁶.     

陕西马元地区铅锌矿地质特征及找矿远景

陕西马元地区铅锌矿位于扬子地台北缘碑坝隆起东南缘一带。矿化带长大于60km,宽10～200m,可分为南、东、北3个铅锌矿化带,已圈出了40多条铅锌矿体。其中南矿化带长大于20km,宽20～120m,已圈出了40多条铅锌矿体;东矿化带长大于30km,宽20～200m,地表已发现7条铅锌矿体;北矿化带长大于10km,宽10～100m。矿体一般长100～2560m,厚0.80～10.01m,锌品位1.05%～10.82%,铅品位0.55%～7.54%。主矿体长2560m,厚1.46～32.53m,平均厚约7.60m,最厚28.40m,锌品位1.45%～11.42%,平均4.47%。矿化带主体由震旦系灯影组白云岩组成,产于灯影组的砾状白云质角砾岩带中。矿化主要受地层和构造的控制。经预测,马元地区铅锌矿有较好的找矿远景,具有形成超大型铅锌矿的潜力。     

西藏勒青拉铁矿床地质特征及其找矿意义

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