含铜、铋和银的金精矿堆浸工艺综合回收试验研究

采用生物氧化技术和化学方法,利用堆浸工艺分步提取,对含Au 140~150 g/t、Ag 900~1 000 g/t、B i 9.0%~10.0%、Cu14%~17%的多金属浮选金精矿的综合回收工艺进行了研究。经小型搅拌试验,确定了生物氧化浸铜—氰化浸金、NaC l-FeC l3-HC l体系(氯盐法)浸出铋和银的技术方法。通过柱浸试验,研究了利用该方法分步浸取Au、Ag、Cu和B i在堆浸工艺中的可行性。在10 t精矿的扩大试验验中,验证了柱浸试验所取得的工艺指标和参数。试验中掺入骨架材料,解决了精矿在堆浸中的渗透问题;生物氧化过程中,菌种在含高浓度铜离子浸出液中反复驯化,对铜的耐受力提高到30 g/L;在NaC l-FeC l3-HC l体系浸出B i和Ag时,用H2O2将浸出液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,使浸出液能循环使用,且B i和Ag同时浸出。Au、Ag、Cu和B i的最终浸出率分别为92.98%、65.09%、45.33%和53.49%。     

大洋多金属结核浸出渣动态吸附Cu2+的实验研究

实验以大洋多金属结核浸出渣(66%,质量分数)为主要原料、高岭土(21%)为粘结剂、蛭石(13%)为膨胀剂,研制出用于动态吸附废水中重金属离子的浸出渣颗粒。以造粒后的颗粒为吸附剂动态处理含Cu2 的模拟废水,研究发现溶液浓度、流速、pH值对动态吸附效果的影响,选定浸出渣颗粒动态处理重金属废水的工艺参数:造粒后浸出渣颗粒的比表面积为18.61 m2/g,当模拟废水中Cu2 溶液的初始浓度为27 mg/L、pH=5.35、出口流速为10 ml/h时,每克浸出渣颗粒可动态处理模拟废水114.3 ml,处理后溶液中阳离子的浓度≤0.5 mg/L,实验效果明显。     

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-硫酸酸溶联合浸出金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂实验研究

金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂富含Cu、Ni和Co等金属,为对其进行回收,对新尾矿库不同深度的尾矿砂分别进行了直接硫酸酸溶浸出与A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出实验,利用ICP-AES分析了不同阶段浸出液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+含量。实验结果表明,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出工艺对尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的浸出效果优于单独酸溶浸出工艺。其中,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出法对1m深度的尾矿砂中Cu、Ni、Co的浸出率最高,分别达到95.78%、98.01%和75.13%,而单独硫酸酸溶作用的离子浸出率分别为75.69%、74.33%和42.33%。     

金川铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属分离实验研究

本文以金川铜镍硫化物精矿为研究对象,对比研究了A.f.菌浸出与硫酸酸溶浸出对铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu的提取效果。为了进一步优化硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu浸出效果,考察了微生物-硫酸浸出与硫酸-微生物浸出对精矿中Co、Ni和Cu提取的影响。结果表明:Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+微生物-硫酸浸出率可分别达到85.05%、98.32%和95.31%。微生物-硫酸浸出加速了硫化物矿物的溶解,促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属Co、Ni、Cu的浸出,大大提高了有价金属Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+的浸出率。     

碳质银精矿氯化浸出工艺的研究与应用

采用氧化焙烧工艺对碳质银精矿进行除碳、除硫预处理,试验确定焙烧温度为650℃。焙砂以3YL--NaCl无氰氯化体系浸出,研究了影响氯化浸出的因素:3YL用量、氯化钠浓度、浸出酸度、时间、温度℃及固液比等,并在试验确定的工艺条件下,进行了公斤级试验,得出Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn的氯化浸出率分别为95.1%、91.6%、85.7%、95.2%、83.8%。     

环保型浸金剂与氰化钠浸出试验对比研究

豫西某氧化型金矿品位低、规模大,金嵌布粒度细,为高效利用低品位金矿,对其采用氰化钠和LJ环保型浸金剂进行全泥浸出试验和柱浸浸出试验。试验结果表明:LJ环保型浸金剂最终浸出率高,浸出速度较快,破碎粒度对矿石中金浸出率影响较大,合理浸出时间以30～35天,此时金的最佳浸出率约为75%。环保浸金剂浸出尾渣中氰根含量较低,经简单处理即可达标。     

贵州省兴义市雄武地区金矿石堆浸的工艺研究

贵州省兴义市雄武地区金矿主要为卡林型,其次为红土型,矿床受断裂构造控制,矿石为中等含硫微细浸染状氧化矿石。目前浅部矿石已基本采完,深部矿石品位较低(0.8~1.8 g/t),因此有效提高低品位矿石浸出率和金回收率至关重要。研究表明,筑堆时矿石粒度和喷淋时氰化钠浓度是堆浸生产中的重要影响因素。矿石粒度大,金浸出率低;氰化钠浓度大,则成本增加。根据矿石物质成分和工艺特征研究,得到矿石冶炼时的最佳工艺条件:筑堆时矿石粒度为15~25 mm,氰化钠浓度为0.05%~0.08%。该研究有效提高了矿石浸出率,降低了运营成本,为金矿石堆浸实际生产提供了理论和实验依据。     

堆浸提金原理与试验研究

本文介绍了堆浸提金原理和在实验室进行金矿石堆浸可行性研究的方法.以我国辽宁猫岭金矿、四川茶铺子金矿和福建紫金山金矿为研究对象,研究了矿石粒度、氰化钠溶液浓度、浸出时间等因素对金浸出率的影响,从而确定堆浸提金最佳工艺条件.通过对上述三类矿石性质及堆浸性能的比较,认为矿石的物质组成和金的嵌布特性对金的浸出率影响较大.     

嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对中低品位磷矿的浸磷效率研究

我国磷矿资源丰富,但是磷矿石的平均品位较低,面对传统选矿工艺的诸多问题,本文采用生物浸矿方法,研究了嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对中低品位磷矿的浸磷效果。研究结果表明:嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对磷的浸出率随磷矿粉量的增加而降低;磷矿粉浓度为2 g/L时,磷的浸出率可达95%以上;磷矿粉浓度为15 g/L时,浸出45d,磷的浸出量最大,为179.56 mg;在溶磷过程中,溶液的pH逐渐降低,最后稳定在2.0左右,pH最大降幅达4.45。嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对中低品位磷矿中磷的浸出有很好的效果。     

青海某金矿石可选性试验研究

针对青海省某金矿采用常规的氰化浸出效果不佳（金浸出率仅为8.19%）和含较高的砷、硫的情况和特点,进行了可选性试验研究。摇床重选虽然可获得品位较高的金精矿,但其回收率太低。浮选试验表明,采用一粗三精三扫的浮选闭路流程,可获得品位为72.72g/t,回收率为88.74%的浮选金精矿,选别指标较为理想。确定的最佳操作条件为...     

Efficient separation of zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate by chemical leaching

As the most abundant copper containing resource and zinc containing resource, chalcopyrite and sphalerite/marmatite commonly coexist as Cu-Zn mixed ores in deposits. However, it is difficult to completely separate sphalerite and chalcopyrite by flotation, thus resulting in the existence of zinc impurity in copper concentrate. Sphalerite/marmatite existed in copper sulfide concentrate as impurity may lead to severe damage of the smelting equipment, and cause the waste of copper and Zn resources, it will also decrease of the sale price of copper concentrates. Therefore, the deep separation of zinc from zinc bearing copper sulfide concentrate is of great significance. In this work, selective chemical leaching was developed to efficiently remove zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate. Under the optimal condition (i.e., sulfuric acid concentration exceed 100 g/L, temperature of 80 °C, pulp density of 10%, leaching time of 48 h), over 85% Zn was extracted into the leaching solution together with only about 10% Cu and Fe, according to the leaching experiment. Leaching slurry had good solid-liquid separation characteristics, and zinc can be further effectively recovered from the leaching solution. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis, chalcopyrite was the main mineralogical phase in the residues, which can be regarded as high quality copper concentrate for metallurgy. Accordingly, a new process for deep and efficient separation of Cu-Zn mixed ores has been proposed.     

铜精矿化学成分分析实验室间比对结果评价和离群值原因分析

铜精矿成分分析是判定其品质的重要手段,尤其是主元素铜的分析。目前,测定铜精矿中铜含量的主要分析方法有碘量法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）、火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）、X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）、电解重量法等。为确保检测标准量值统一、准确、可靠,本文组织开展了铜精矿中铜镁铅锌的测定实验室间比对活动。通过对参加实验室的检测结果进行统计分析,评价参加实验室对铜精矿中铜镁铅锌测定的技术水平和能力。结果表明：大部分实验室的检测结果为满意,铜精矿中铜的满意率为92.9%,满意率较高;铜镁铅锌的满意率平均值为89.0%。少数实验室出现离群值主要在于样品前处理、检测人员对检测方法未能充分理解并熟练掌握、仪器状态等其他相关因素。碱浸法因样品分解不完全,不能作为铜精矿前处理方法;碱熔法因工序繁琐,易产生基体干扰,不适合作为铜精矿前处理方法。本文建议优先采用酸溶-滴定法测定铜精矿中的铜,而采用酸溶ICP-OES法测定铜精矿中的铜镁铅锌,该方法高效快捷,但其稳定性需要进一步的实验考察。     

东大滩锑金矿微生物预氧化提金试验研究

介绍了东大滩难浸金矿石微生物预氧化的方法及结果。东大滩石英脉型锑金矿石因金被毒砂包裹而难浸，采用微生物预氧化处理后全泥氰化金的浸出率由原来的17．04％提高到70．80％，柱浸由15．39％提高到63．02％，且酸耗较低，各项指标合理，是解决该类矿石难浸的理想方法。     

Lime Assisted Cyanide Leaching of Refractory Gold Ores from Ajialongwa Mine

Heap leaching is a promising, less costly, alternative technology for processing low grade gold ores compared with traditional, energy intensive processes (e.g. autoclave/tank leaching). This research investigated the effectiveness of lime for enhancing gold leaching rates of gold ores from ajialongwa gold mine in china. Column and heaping experiments were performed using cyanide leaching solutions at pH=10, with and without lime (CaO). The presence of lime greatly increased gold leaching rates. Column leaching experiments showed without the addition of lime, there was 35.2% of gold leached. The addition of lime resulted in the release of 50.56% gold. Lime assisted cyanide of refractory gold was proved by heap leaching experiments.     

Speciation of Cu in MSWI bottom ash and its relation to Cu leaching

In Flanders, recycling of bottom ash is mainly inhibited by the high leaching of Cu. Although it has been proved that dissolved organic C plays a major role in the Cu leaching, the possible role of inorganic Cu mineral speciation has never been experimentally examined. In this study the speciation of Cu is investigated using a combination of optical microscopy and electron microprobe –WDX/EDX. Several Cu species were determined. Metallic Cu (with or without an oxide shell), CuO and Cu₂O were the most abundant. These particles were most likely present in wire-like structures. Copper also occurred as alloy (brass, bronze, zamak), and was found frequently together with typical elements such as Ca, Cl and S. Finally, small metallic Cu particles seemed to be trapped in or precipitated on oxides and silicates. Based on this Cu speciation study, pure Cu minerals were selected and leached as a function of time. The solubility after equilibrium of all studied Cu minerals never exceeded 20 μg/L (which equals 10% of the total Cu leaching).The effect of heating (2 h at 400 °C) on the speciation of Cu was investigated using the same combination of techniques. Results show that metallic Cu seemed to be converted to Cu oxide (mostly CuO) and that the particles were more porous after heating. These conclusions were verified by XRD analysis of the heated pure Cu minerals. After heating, the Cu minerals were also leached as a function of time, to study the impact on Cu leaching. Results indicate that their leaching had slightly increased in comparison with the non-heated Cu minerals. However, the major decrease in Cu leaching in heated bottom ash, more than neutralizes this effect and thus can be attributed to the destruction of organic matter and not to the (small) change in Cu speciation.     

深穿透地球化学样品中铜活动态提取条件研究与初步应用

深穿透地球化学是通过提取地表土壤中深部隐伏矿发出的元素直接信息的找矿方法,元素活动态提取是应用最广的方法之一。但地表土壤中元素活动态含量信息微弱,活动态提取、元素分析的过程复杂,分析误差容易掩盖有效信息。目前的研究对提取过程条件缺乏有效的控制,方法标准化程度不高。本文研究了深穿透地球化学样品中活动态铜的提取条件,包括提取固液比、提取时间、提取液pH、固液分离方法、提取温度等,对提取过程进行优化,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜的含量,方法检出限为0.03μg/g,精密度(RSD)为4.95%～7.39%。方法操作简单,精密度较好,应用于河南某隐伏铜多金属矿的探测,通过分析矿床的铜总量和活动态铜的含量,发现在矿床土壤中探测到了较为明显的与深部矿体成矿元素的活动态异常,探测结果所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符。     

The geochemistry of the leached capping of the La Granja porphyry copper deposit, Peru

Ninety rock samples from the La Granja porphyry copper in northern Peru have been analyzed for 30 elements, 10 of which are discussed here. Although intense weathering has produced a leached capping up to 200 m thick, the distribution of Mg, Ca, Na, K, Rb and Sr can still be correlated with different phases of hydrothermal alteration.There has been complete supergene leaching of sulphides; Cu has been depleted 10 to 30 times and Mo up to twice with respect to hypogene ore, Fe has been enriched in some parts of the leached capping, whereas Au remained stable. The coincidence of low Fe, high Mo and high Au contents with a high Cu/Fe ratio in the capping indicates the approximate centre of the underlying orebody. Also, high K, Rb, Mg and low Sr indicate high-grade copper ore.     

Mineralogical characteristics and recovery process optimization analysis of a refractory gold ore with gold particles mainly encapsulated in pyrite and Arsenopyrite

To interpret the leaching rules, select suitable treatment methods, or optimize the treatment process of refractory gold ores, an in-depth analysis of ore characteristics using ore mineralogy is required. In this study, the mineralogical characteristics of a low-grade refractory gold ore were analyzed by a variety of analytical techniques and methods. The ore composition was obtained by chemical analysis, and the main minerals include gold, pyrite, arsenopyrite, feldspar, mica, and quartz. Gold exists in the form of sub-microscopic gold with a particle size of fewer than 1.7 μm, of which 56.90 % is encapsulated gold, 16.97 % is semi-coated gold, and 26.13 % is fractured gold. The content, classification, shape, grain distribution, and occurrence state of the main minerals in the gold ore were obtained by microscopic observation and statistical analysis. Based on the results, the leaching rules of the gold ore were predicted, and suggestions for optimizing the pretreatment process were put forward. These results can accurately guide the pretreatment and leaching process of the gold ore and lay a foundation for the effective utilization of comparable gold ores.     

Lithogeochemistry of hypogene, supergene and leached cap samples, berg porphyry copper deposit, British Columbia

In this paper we examine the influence of the development of supergene oxide and sulphide zones on the original hypogene geochemical patterns at the Berg deposit, British Columbia.The deposit, in the alpine zone of the Tahtsa Range, was logged (GEOLOG) and sampled in fourteen diamond drill holes along a N—S section and from outcrop where possible. Anomalous populations of major and trace elements were defined using log probability graphs and a sequential extraction (10% hydrochloric acid— ammonium oxalate — potassium chlorate/hydrochloric acid — nitric/perchloric acids) was used to study the distribution of elements between carbonate, oxide, sulphide and silicate phases.Core logs and assays show that primary ore minerals (chalcopyrite—molybdenite) extend from the outer part of the porphyry intrusion into the surrounding hornfels where the best grades of copper are found close to the intrusive contact. Maximum copper grades, however, result from development of a supergene enrichment blanket. Within the hypogene zone, principal lithogeochemical patterns reflect the differences in composition of the hornfels, originally intermediate to basic volcanics, and the intrusion, as well as the introduction of F and trace metals (Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn and Ag). Distribution of Ag is broadly comparable to that of Cu and Mo whereas anomalous Pb and Zn are present as peripheral haloes around the potential ore zones.Emergence of strongly acidic ground water and precipitation of iron oxides, indicate that leaching processes are active. Furthermore, although primary sulphides, associated with both their oxidation products and secondary sulphides, can still be found in surface samples, sequential extractions on drill core clearly indicate vertical redistribution of copper between oxide, carbonate and sulphide phases. Using ratios of metal concentrations to TiO₂, the surface concentrations of trace metals can be compared with those at depth and the relative amount of enrichment or depletion can be quantified. In highly leached sites the absolute concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn are low which is reflected in TiO₂ ratios of <1. However, Mo, Pb and Ag are enriched at the same sites (TiO₂ ratios >1). In areas where physical erosion exceeds leaching (topographic lows) primary sulphides co-exist with secondary sulphide and oxide minerals. Here Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Mn and Ag are enriched. Fluorine is relatively unaffected by the leaching process. It would appear signature for a cale alkaline Cu and Mo porphyry deposit in an area where outcrop was intensely leached.