内蒙古查干通格地区中浅构造相韧性剪切变形特征及构造运动学意义

内蒙古查干通格地区中浅构造相韧性剪切变形地质体中构造形迹保存较好的有柳树沟岩组绢云石英片岩、石英岩,祖宗毛道基性岩墙和哈拉霍疙特组三段灰岩.变形岩石片理、矿物拉伸线理均非常发育,在不同构造部位和不同岩性中,矿物的变形特征存在明显差异,出现不同的构造样式.白云鄂博群哈拉霍疙特组三段灰岩中发育大量同斜倒转褶皱,且矿物拉伸线理与褶皱枢纽平行;绢云石英片岩中发育大量杆状构造、鞘褶皱.矿物拉伸线理、杆状构造均属a型线理,其延伸平行剪切运动方向.横向上中间变形强,向两侧逐渐变弱.宏观及微观的“S-C”组构、“云母鱼”等指示的运动方式为北东东向的斜下落剪切运动,变质程度为低绿片岩相.     

库鲁克塔格赛马山一带中元古界构造变形研究

通过构造解析的研究，确定赛马山地区中元古代所发生的阿尔金运动共有三幕变形，第一幕发生在长城纪早期，为EW向伸展机制下中部构造相的大规模顺层滑脱韧性变形，形成了赛马西山顺层滑脱韧性变形带，具超塑性流动变形特征和多层结构样式，第二幕发生在长城纪末，为主期变形，在NS向挤压机制下，在浅部构造相形成了EW向紧闭褶皱（局部倒转褶皱），并卷入早期的顺层滑脱韧性变形带，褶皱后期，由于应力的集聚，在浅表层次下，沿兴地塔格群内岩层软弱面发生剪切而形成了滑脱面，产生由南向北的逆冲，形成了具叠瓦扇结构的永红山飞来峰构，第三幕，蓟县纪末由于SN向强烈挤压后出现“松驰”引张而产生EW向挤压应力，形成NS向开阔褶皱，叠加于主期褶皱之上，形成了赛马西山－永红山穹盆构造。     

太仆寺旗沙子沟钨钼矿床成矿物质来源及成因浅析

<正>1区域地质特征内蒙古太仆寺旗沙子沟矿区区域构造位置在华北地台北缘构造带[1]。华北地台北缘从北往南可划分为兴蒙褶皱带,内蒙地轴和燕山台褶带三个构造带,本区属于兴蒙褶皱带南带的白云鄂博新元古褶皱带。矿区内出露地层主要为中元古界白云鄂博群,中生界侏罗系上统玛尼吐组及新生界第四系。矿区内断裂、褶皱构造发育,主要断裂有近东西向、北西向和近南北向等多组。华力西晚期近东西向的剪切断裂带,到燕山期受北北东向构造控制转换成张扭性断裂带,形成了有利的成矿空间。岩浆岩分布矿床北部、西部和南     

对白云鄂博矿床大地构造环境的几点认识

分布于华北地台北缘的白云鄂博群厚万米，EW向展布长500km，宽20-50km，以碎屑岩为主，碳酸盐岩约占1/10。1997年，我们首次确定厚千余米的含矿岩系为海相火山沉积稀有金属碳酸岩—粗面岩；1982的，李继亮确定厚320m的次闪绿帘石岩（H15）为裂陷槽中的细碧角斑岩系。从而奠定了白云鄂博群属象谷沉积的基础。世界上许多富含轻稀土和铌和碱性岩、碳酸岩多产于裂谷系中。白云鄂博矿床中的特殊元素组合和稳定同位素组成只有裂谷带下的异常地幔才能提供。大量Sm-Nd同位素年龄资料说明白云鄂博矿床稀土成矿时代主要是中元古代，更证明了矿床成矿作用与裂谷发展的同步性。     

白云鄂博花岗岩稀土配分型式的初步研究

白云鄂博花岗岩的稀土配分型式 该花岗岩出露于白云鄂博矿的东部和东南部。侵入于白云鄂博群中,引起围岩不同程度和不同性质的蚀变。在地质构造位置上处于内蒙台背斜向内蒙褶皱带过渡的的中间地带,多沿东西方向分布,受断裂控制。     

白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化

通过对白云鄂博及周边地区地质和构造形迹的系统调研,综合分析了白云鄂博地区的古板块构造单元、白云鄂博群的沉积构造背景以及白云鄂博地区的构造组合特征。白云鄂博群可以划分为三个沉积组合,它们分别代表中元古代、晚元古代和早古生代白云鄂博地区由陆内裂谷向陆缘裂谷转化到活动大陆边缘裂谷的沉积过程。白云鄂博地区以白银角拉克－宽沟断裂为界,南北两侧存在重大地质差异。断裂南侧的该群岩石不整合覆盖在相当于五台群的巴尔腾山群之上,是在华北陆壳基底上发展起来的陆缘沉积。局部碳酸盐岩和页岩层位在加里东期遭受了强烈的地幔流体改造,形成大规模稀土矿化;在海西期又遭受了强烈的区域变质改造。断裂北侧的白云鄂博群以发育蛇绿混杂岩－叠瓦状况断层－紧闭同斜褶皱为特征,具有古板块俯冲形成的加积杂岩特征。在此基础上,对白云鄂博地区的古板块构造演化动力学过程进行了初步总结。     

内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块

笔者等在内蒙古白云鄂博铁铌稀土矿床东南约25km处的达尔罕茂明安联合旗黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现一个厚30余米、呈北西向延伸的滑塌岩块。滑塌岩块的岩性主要为薄层黄灰色微晶灰岩与青灰色泥质微晶灰岩互层，单层厚多为1～2cm。风化面上可见青灰色泥质灰岩层抗风化能力较强，呈突出状。青灰色薄层泥灰岩在宏观上即见大量层间破碎，几乎层层都被小的同生断裂错开，有的薄层被分割成叠瓦状的碎块，有的被邻层的泥质贯入而分割成一个个竹节状块体（即布丁构造）。同生小断裂和布丁构造为同沉积期的地震造成，因此，发育同沉积布丁构造的薄层微晶灰岩可以看作是典型的震积岩。整个岩块发生了强烈的褶皱变形，且变形强度自下而上逐渐变弱。岩层在下部强烈褶皱，向上规模和强度都逐渐变小，直到变为未变形的平直岩层，具有明显的不协调性。这种褶皱是岩块受地震影响而整体滑塌过程中的变形记录。震积岩和滑塌褶皱都揭示了盆地边界的拉张背景，同时指示盆地自南东向北西水体变深的地貌格局。这一发现表明，腮林忽洞群沉积的早期就已有地震事件发生，与已知的腮四组震积岩和腮五组微晶丘一起，表明腮林忽洞群沉积时期，本地先后至少有两个阶段处于不稳定的地震活跃阶段。腮林忽洞群可能相当于白云鄂博群的下部，后者中产著名的白云鄂博铁铌稀土矿床，成矿的同位素年龄值有2．1～0．4Ga多种不同的结果，但多位微体古生物学者均认为是震旦纪至奥陶纪，且在腮林忽洞群中还发现了三叶虫碎片，故作者等在本文取信腮林忽洞群为寒武纪～奥陶纪。在腮林忽洞群顶部产有厚近百米的微晶丘，与白云鄂博矿区的赋矿白云岩相当，可能均是热水沉积形成。所以，本文对于认识白云鄂博地区腮林忽洞群沉积时（寒武纪-奥陶纪？）的大地构造性质及白云鄂博矿床的成因具有重要意义。     

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿区辉长岩体地球化学特征

<正>浩尧尔忽洞金矿位于华北陆台北缘西段中元古界白云鄂博裂谷带西段。区内出露地层有中元古界白云鄂博群尖山组、哈拉霍疙特组和比鲁特组,其中比鲁特组第二岩段为主要的赋矿地层。区内主要构造为浩尧尔忽洞向斜,其核部为比鲁特组,两翼分别为尖山组和哈拉霍疙特组,矿床产于NE向展布的向斜南翼。断裂构造主要为一条左行的脆韧性剪切带和一条近NE向展布的平移断层。整个剪切带由一系列呈近EW向到NE向分布的近似平行的挤压破碎带和片理化带构成,是最重要的导矿和容     

东昆仑造山带前陆盆地的叠加褶皱及其变形机制

在东昆仑造山带的三叠纪洪水川群复理石岩系中,发育着两组斜歪－倒转褶皱：一组轴迹方向为北西向,与造山带主体构造线近一致;另一组为新发现的北东向,与造山带主体构造线近垂直,形成叠加褶皱．每一组褶皱均是压扁、纯剪切、纯剪切＋简单剪切三种变形机制的产物．北西向褶皱轴面的南西倒和北东向褶皱轴面的北西倒,与国内外典型的前陆盆地中的褶皱形态不尽相同,反映了动力基础是板块碰撞之后的近于垂直的北东及北西方向挤压应力相继作用下形成的叠加褶皱．北东向褶皱的发现,揭示了造山带中构造应力场的转换．     

大别造山带中上地壳变形特征——皖中张八岭地区印支—燕山早期构造变形研究

张八岭构造带是大别造山带的一部分,是造山带中上地壳出露地区。通过运用构造-地层学的理论和方法,以及对张八岭地区1：5万地质填图资料的分析和典型地区的构造解剖,认为：区内张八岭(岩)群与南华系—震旦系及其以上地层之间不存在强烈的构造运动界面,其作为大别造山带的组成部分发生了强烈的变形作用;印支—燕山早期区内主要存在3期构造变形：早期为一系列呈NXVW、近EW向的紧闭同斜褶皱,中期以韧性剪切带发育为特征,晚期以NW向SE的逆冲推覆作用伴生NNE向为主的宽缓褶皱。三期变形相互叠加,形成区内基本构造格架。伴随着扬子地块向华北地块的俯冲与碰撞,中上部地壳发生褶皱、逆冲推覆(前缘滑覆)作用等,三期变形为一递进变形过程。     

Single layer folding in simple shear

Despite the common occurrence of simple shear deformation, laboratory and numerical simulations of folding have so far been almost exclusively in pure shear. Here we present a series of finite-element simulations of single layer folding in simple shear up to high shear strains (γ ≤ 4, and up to 75% shortening of the folding layer). In the simulations we vary the viscosity contrast between layer and its surroundings (25–100), the stress exponent (1 or 3) and the kinematics of deformation (pure- versus simple shear). In simple shear fold trains do not show a clear asymmetry, axial planes form perpendicular to the developing fold train and rotate along with the fold train. Differences in geometries between folds formed in simple and pure shear folds are thus difficult to distinguish visually, with simple shear folds slightly more irregular and with more variable axial plane orientation than in pure shear. Asymmetric refraction of an axial planar cleavage is a clearer indication of folding in simple shear. The main effect of an increase in stress exponent is an increase in effective viscosity contrast, with only a secondary effect on fold geometry. Naturally folded aplite dykes in a granodiorite are found in a shear zone in Roses, NE Spain. Comparison of the folded dykes with our numerical simulations indicates a viscosity contrast of around 25 and a stress exponent of 3. The natural folds confirm that at this moderate viscosity contrast, a significant amount of shortening (20–30%) is achieved by layer thickening instead of folding.     

Structural evolution of Mesozoic complexes in Western Chukotka

Detailed structural investigations were carried out in the Pevek area in order to verify the tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic thrust and fold belt in Chukotka. South-vergent F₁ folds in Triassic rocks were proved to be the earliest structures formed during the first deformation stage DI. These structures were deformed by north-vergent folds F₂ that were formed during the second deformation stage DII. North-vergent folds are the main structures of the Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous complex. The fold structures of the first two stages are deformed by shear folds F₃ finishing the stage DII. All these structures are deformed by submeridionally trending normal faults referred to the deformation stage DIII.     

大巴山西北缘浅层次叠加褶皱变形分析:以镇巴县简池地区为例

在大巴山西北侧镇巴县简池地区开展1∶10 000的地质填图和构造解析工作,重点研究露头和区域尺度上叠加褶皱变形的时空变化、成因,确定褶皱的构造属性及变形时限。研究表明未拆离的中上三叠统-中侏罗统沉积岩系中发育两组褶皱：(1)北东近东西向褶皱(F1),成组、分区断续相连,线性展布发育,代表了区域米仓山主背斜较陡倾南翼上的次级大型褶皱的枢纽带;(2)北西北北西向褶皱(F2),区域呈弧形展布,发育隔挡式褶皱组合型式,构成大巴山前陆坳陷带东部边缘的复式向斜。北西北北西向褶皱向西横跨在北东近东西向褶皱之上,形成露头尺度上的2类4种基本样式,发育大角度叠加交切的两组褶皱弯滑擦痕。北东近东西向褶皱减弱消失在同造山的上三叠统-中侏罗统(Ts1Ts4岩性段)中,上被中侏罗世晚期Ts5与Ts6岩性段包络覆盖,属中生代南秦岭碰撞造山相关的前陆生长褶皱,时限约为213~178 Ma,与米仓山构造形成晚期阶段的指向南的非共轴剪切变形有关。北西北北西向褶皱将研究区的中生代及之前岩系普遍卷入了变形,属晚中生代大巴山陆内造山带的前陆构造褶皱,时限约为160~120 Ma,区域褶皱变形长期保持稳定的总体近似纯剪的应变状态。尽管两期挤压收缩褶皱事件的时间间隔不长,但两组褶皱的样式、形成时间、构造属性与形成机制都存在巨大差异,表明区域构造环境和地壳变形机制的重大变动和转换。     

苏北东海地区超高压变质带内的斜卧褶皱

详细的野外观察和制图证实，在苏北东海地区的驼峰、房山及虎山等超高压（UHP）变质带岩石出露地段，都有不同尺度的斜卧褶皱发育。在详细地描述了典型的斜卧褶皱组成、几何形态、位态及其形成的物理环境之后，指出斜卧褶皱及分隔它们的韧性剪切带，在构造上，是组成超高压变质带构造柱的两个基本要素，是在超高压变作用期后伸展体制及角闪岩相条件下形成的。同超高压变质作用的残余构造，只保留于大的榴辉岩和超镁铁质结构透镜体核部。无疑，在超高压变质岩石露头区地表构造研究所得的结果，对在东海地区第四纪沉积物所掩盖区实施的大陆科学钻探工程中揭露的地质现象解释，有重要参考意义。强调指出，大陆科学钻探工程所揭示的地壳构造，可能主要代表角闪岩相及伸展体制下的变形特征。     

A theory of concentric, kink and sinusoidal folding and of monoclinal flexuring of compressible, elastic multilayers: V. asymmetric folding in interbedded chert and shale of the franciscan complex, san francisco bay area, california

The origin of tight, asymmetric, kink-like or chevron-like folds in interbedded shales and radiolarian cherts of the Franciscan Complex in the San Francisco Bay area has been somewhat of a mystery for many years. Stephenson Ellen provided many clues as to the origin and indicated that the folds became asymmetric as a result of layer-parallel shear. He believed that the original folds were conjugate kink folds.As a result of reexamination of most of the folds studied by Ellen, of experimentation with elastic multilayers and of the theories developed in Parts III and IV of this series of papers, we believe that the original folds were mostly chevron rather than kink folds. Thus, we suggest that the folds formed by a combination of layer-parallel shortening and layer-parallel shear when the rocks were soft and pore pressures were high.Several lines of evidence suggest that typical folds in the Franciscan are asymmetric chevron folds. A combination of theory of finite simple shear and of experimentation with elastic multilayers indicates that the tight folds of the Franciscan could have been produced by smaller angles of simple shear if the original folds were typical chevron folds rather than typical kink folds. Several field observations, including thickening of shales but not of cherts in hinges of folds and lack of deformation of radiolaria in the cherts, indicate that the cherts were soft and the shales very soft at the time of folding. The pore-water pressures in the shales probably were high. Such conditions theoretically favor concentric-like and chevron folding, not kink folding. Finally, most of the asymmetric folds in a quarry exposure can be reconstructed geometrically as typical chevron folds but not as typical kink folds subjected to simple shear.     

Structure of Masuleh Shear Zone: Evidence for Early–Middle Jurassic Dextral Shear Along Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone in the Western Alborz,NW Iran

The Paleo-Tethys suture zone in northern Iran was formed when the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, (between Gonwana-derived Alborz Microcontinent and the Turan Plate), closed during the Eocimmerian orogeny and after they collided together in the Mid-Late Triassic. The NW-striking Boghrov-Dagh basement Fault Zone that lies in the vicinity of Masuleh village and the southern boundary of Gasht Metamorphic Complex is a part of the Eocimmerian suture zone in the Western Alborz. Along this part of the suture zone, tourmaline leucogranites intruded in metamorphic rocks. We recognize three distinct deformation stages (D1 to D3) in the study area especially in the Masuleh Shear Zone. D1 which was synchronous with formation of the main metamorphic minerals, such as sillimanite and staurolite under medium- to high-grade metamorphic conditions probably during the Hercynian event and a NE-directed shortening. The slaty cleavage in metamorphosed Upper Paleozoic rocks and crenulation cleavage and folds in the older rocks were produced due to D2 deformation during the Eocimmerian event under greenschist facies conditions. The Masuleh Shear Zone formed as a result of a ductile strike-slip shear during the Early-Middle Jurassic Mid-Cimmerian D3 event with a pure dextral to transtension shear sense at low to locally medium-grade conditions. All of the D3 structural features agree with a NNW-directed compression and an ENE-directed extension caused by overall dextral shear parallel to the Masuleh shear zone and the Boghrov-Dagh Fault Zone. Based on the available evidence, especially cross-cutting relationships between structural fabrics and rock units, emplacement of the Gasht-Masuleh leucogranites occurred after the D2 collisional event coeval to the possible slab break-off and before the D3 event, between Eocimmerian and Mid-Cimmerian movements.     

内蒙古哈达门沟金矿构造演化及成矿控矿构造特征

哈达门沟金矿是内蒙古迄今最大的金矿床,具有超大型金矿床规模。金的成矿作用对岩性没有明确的选择性,而主要是受褶皱断裂构造的控制。成矿流体主要来自深源,在有利的构造扩容带中聚积成矿。研究表明,该区的构造变形从早到晚,力学性质往往从塑性到脆性,构造规模从小到大,构造类型则是褶皱与剪切带同时形成,或相间发育。该区主要经历了4个期次的强烈褶皱剪切作用,并形成了主要的成矿控矿构造。第一期构造变形时岩石的流变性较强,褶皱幅度较小,一般多表现为小规模的塑性流变褶皱,并产生了小规模韧性剪切带;第二期(主期)褶皱以乌拉山主峰为主的东西向区域规模的复式背、向斜(形),并在主期褶皱的倒转翼发育了一系列与褶皱同向延伸的脆韧性剪切带,它们构成了区域性构造薄弱带;第三期为横跨叠加褶皱,使近东西向褶皱发生了南北向蛇形弯曲,伴随该期褶皱作用形成了低绿片岩相韧脆性剪切带,为深源成矿流体的贯入与集聚成矿提供了很好的赋存空间,是主要的成矿控矿构造;第四期构造变形则以区域性隆升作用为主,使早期褶皱发生横弯褶皱的同时,还将深部形成的金矿体抬升至浅部。文中在成矿控矿构造研究的基础上,探讨了矿床成矿规律,提出了找矿远景。     

Transpressive Structures in the Ghadir Shear Belt,Eastern Desert,Egypt: Evidence for Partitioning of Oblique Convergence in the Arabian‐Nubian Shield during Gondwana Agglutination

Transpressional deformation has played an important role in the late Neoproterozoic evolution of the ArabianNubian Shield including the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Ghadir Shear Belt is a 35 km-long, NW-oriented brittleductile shear zone that underwent overall sinistral transpression during the Late Neoproterozoic. Within this shear belt, strain is highly partitioned into shortening, oblique, extensional and strike-slip structures at multiple scales. Moreover, strain partitioning is heterogeneous along-strike giving rise to three distinct structural domains. In the East Ghadir and Ambaut shear belts, the strain is pure-shear dominated whereas the narrow sectors parallel to the shear walls in the West Ghadir Shear Zone are simple-shear dominated. These domains are comparable to splay-dominated and thrust-dominated strike-slip shear zones. The kinematic transition along the Ghadir shear belt is consistent with separate strike-slip and thrustsense shear zones. The earlier fabric(S1), is locally recognized in low strain areas and SW-ward thrusts. S2 is associated with a shallowly plunging stretching lineation(L2), and defines ～NW-SE major upright macroscopic folds in the East Ghadir shear belt. F2 folds are superimposed by ～NNW–SSE tight-minor and major F3 folds that are kinematically compatible with sinistral transpressional deformation along the West Ghadir Shear Zone and may represent strain partitioning during deformation. F2 and F3 folds are superimposed by ENE–WSW gentle F4 folds in the Ambaut shear belt. The sub-parallelism of F3 and F4 fold axes with the shear zones may have resulted from strain partitioning associated with simple shear deformation along narrow mylonite zones and pure shear-dominant deformation in fold zones. Dextral ENEstriking shear zones were subsequently active at ca. 595 Ma, coeval with sinistral shearing along NW-to NNW-striking shear zones. The occurrence of upright folds and folds with vertical axes suggests that transpression plays a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the Ghadir shear belt. Oblique convergence may have been provoked by the buckling of the Hafafit gneiss-cored domes and relative rotations between its segments. Upright folds, fold with vertical axes and sinistral strike-slip shear zones developed in response to strain partitioning. The West Ghadir Shear Zone contains thrusts and strikeslip shear zones that resulted from lateral escape tectonics associated with lateral imbrication and transpression in response to oblique squeezing of the Arabian-Nubian Shield during agglutination of East and West Gondwana.     

大别造山带西段南部构造几何学和运动学初步分析

根据红安—大悟地区构造填图的结果,结合室内显微镜分析,给出了研究区的构造演化序列、变形几何学特征和运动学方向。本地区经历了两期构造变形,早期变形(D1)是发生在地壳中部层次向北的韧性剪切推覆,形成了区域性、透入性的面理和线理构造,第二期变形(D2)是向较浅层次的向北东方向的逆冲推覆,形成了控制地层分布的区域性褶皱和各种露头尺度的小褶皱。结合已有的构造年代学结果,西大别南部的变形历史可分两个阶段:第一阶段为240Ma到225～210Ma的韧性剪切变形;第二阶段为早于195Ma的褶皱变形,二者均表现为总体由南向北的运动学特征,揭示出大别造山带折返过程的动力学背景。     

内蒙古大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统及其找矿意义

大青山地区碎屑岩型金矿控矿系统表现为:古元古代大陆裂陷槽构造环境为金矿成矿提供背景条件(物质场、能量场、空间场),该环境下沉积的二道凹群中部的红山沟组下部复理石建造为金矿成矿提供物质条件,该建造在造山早期由拉伸机制形成的顺层滑脱剪切带控制成矿带,剪切带内的同期次级褶皱构造(尤其是向斜、向形构造)为金矿成矿提供容矿空间;提出了层位(复理石建造)、顺层滑脱剪切带及相关次级褶皱构造三者叠加控矿的金矿控矿型式。