浅析海洋文化对南通从江河时代走向江海时代的影响与作用

21世纪是海洋世纪,这已经成为国际、国内的共识,海洋世纪的到来也掀起了海洋文化的热潮。海洋世纪,海洋文化将成为人类文化新视角的基本内容;海洋文化圈将成为人类最基本的活动单位;海洋文化形态的冲突和融合将成为未来世纪最基本的面貌。基于此,我们十分有必要在继承传统文化的基础上,结合海洋战略思想关注研究和充分利用海洋文化。     

构筑新世纪海洋经济与港口经济发展的新体系

海洋经济是关于海洋资源的经济问题，即为了满足人们对海洋资源产品的需要，如何协调开发与管理、利用与保护、改造与培育的经济问题。海洋经济所有的活动与海洋有着直接的关系，是由海洋产业组成的，而海洋产业是人类利用和开发海洋、海岸带资源所进行的生产和服务活动，是涉海性的人类经济活动。同时海洋经济不是单一的部门经济或行业经济，是人类所有涉海经济活动的总和。现代海洋经济包括为开发海洋资源和依赖海洋空间而进行的生产活动，以及直接或间接为开发海洋资源及空间的相关服务性产业活动，这样一些产业活动而形成的经济集合均被…     

论法制化海洋行政管理

海洋有着丰富的自然资源,是人类生存与发展的希望所在。21世纪是海洋世纪,向海洋进军,开发利用海洋资源,造福人类,这是21世纪人类实践活动的主题之一。在海洋实践活动中,如何更好地管理海洋,实现海洋经济价值的最大化,笔者认为,依法管海、依法治海和依法用海是我国海洋管理的基本手段和发展趋势。为了推动我国法制化建设的进程,本文仅就海洋管理的法制化问题谈几点看法。     

关于建设海洋经济强市标准的探讨──以宁波市为例

海洋经济是指对海洋及其空间范围内的一切海洋资源进行开发的经济活动或过程。其实质是关于海洋资源的经济问题,即为了满足人们对海洋资源产品的需要,如何协调开发与管理、利用与保护、改造与培育的经济问题。海洋经济强市是区域海洋经济发展总水平的综合显现,不同时代有不同的内容。现代海洋经济包括为开发海洋资源和依赖海洋空间而进行的生产活动以及直接或间接为开发海洋资源及其空间的相关服务性产业活动。这样一些活动形成的经济集合均被视为现代海洋经济范畴。因此,当代的海洋经济强市,应从以下四条标准综合评价。 １．海洋及其…     

连云港建设海洋经济强市战略探究

海洋经济是开发利用海洋的各类海洋产业及相关经济活动的总和,海洋经济的主体和基础是海洋资源的开发。文章旨在探讨连云港海洋经济的现状与前景,全面分析连云港建设海洋经济强市的优势以及存在的问题和制约因素,提出实施海洋经济可持续发展的战略措施,优化海洋经济产业结构,调整海洋经济发展运作机制,加快建设海洋经济强市。     

我国海洋经济研究的几个问题

人类从事海洋经济活动已经有几千年的历史。传统的海洋经济活动主要是海洋捕捞业和海洋运输业,范围很小,发展缓慢。20世纪以来,特别是60年代以后,出现了海洋石油工业、海底固体采矿业、海水养殖业和栽培业等许多新兴产业,科学技术的发展使人类找到了第二生存空间。海洋资源的开发与海洋经济产业的拓宽,极大地鼓舞了人类追求未来更大消费欲望具有无限性资源依托的信心,但经济学家对于海洋经济的研究似乎还不及海洋经济活动现实。为此,本文主要就现实的海洋经济研究问题谈几点粗浅认识。     

海洋经济与海洋经济科学

随着我国现代海洋开发活动的发展，“海洋经济”、“海洋经济科学”这两个名词已不再是陌生的了。但是，它所代表的概念，一直缺乏明确的界空，因而对其理解存在着若明若暗、见仁见智的情况。这不但影响着学科理论建设的进展，而且在海洋经济工作实际中，制定不出适于该领域的统计指标［１］，给经济分析和评估带来困惑。因此，弄清这两个概念的内涵和外延，是非常必要的。１海洋经济１．１海洋经济的概念和分类所谓海洋经济，是产品的投入与产出、需求和供给，与海洋资源、海洋空间、海洋环境条件直接或间接相关的经济活动的总称。从多种角…     

纵论海洋产业及其可持续发展前景

经济发展与产业的成长、衰落相伴随,并在各产业产出与能力的增加和扩张中体现。海洋经济的发展也要以产业为载体,如何正确认识并深入研究海洋产业,对促进我国海洋经济发展具有重要意义。一、海洋产业的内涵、类型和特点分析海洋经济活动是陆地经济活动的扩展,是人类经...     

实施海洋信息产业化工程

信息产业已成为现代社会经济中发展最快、最有影响的产业之一,并被普遍认为与能源、原材料共同构成科技进步与社会发展的三大支柱。 信息在海洋开发活动中应占据重要位置。可以说当今的海洋开发活动,已经“寸步离不开信息”了,信息不仅是领导决策的依据,也是生产活动的指南,更是在竞争中取胜的法宝和获取最佳社会效益、经济效益和生态效益的     

海洋生态经济健康评价系统研究

21世纪是人类全面认识、开发利用和保护海洋的新世纪。开展海洋经济活动,是以海洋资源为对象而展开的生产、交换、分配和消费活动。在取得显著成果的同时,也对海洋生态经济系统的健康造成了损害,如海洋生态环境被破坏、海洋生物资源开发过度、赤潮灾害现象时有发生等。在文中建立了“海洋生态经济健康评价信息系统”,对海洋生态经济健康相关因素监测值系统化管理,为海洋生态经济健康程度的评判,动态预测海洋生态灾害发生提供了科学的依据。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.