山东省蓬莱西海岸侵蚀及其与地貌环境的关系

蓬莱市西庄至栾家口海岸,1985年以来蚀退明显加剧。从地貌环境分析认为,由于人为挖砂改变了海底和海滩的地貌环境。从而导致了近岸的水动力增强,加之海岸抗蚀性差以及入海陆源物质贫乏和海滩物质亏损,是本区海岸近期蚀退的重要原因。     

对鲁东南沿海地貌发育问题的初步探讨

山东东南海岸大致界于胶州湾与日照岚山头之间(图1)。对这一区间海岸地貌的研究,直到本世纪五十年代中期,尚无专题论文发表。仅在本世纪初,德国地质学家李希霍芬、日人福地信世等对青岛及胶州湾地区的地质、地理作过论述;三十年代,我国地质学家叶良辅、喻德渊、王绍文的论文亦侧重于青岛附近的地质研究,而对本区海岸地貌的问题介绍不多。五十年代末,孙庆基等对胶州湾及青岛海岸地貌发表了专文。此     

山东省东部海岸湾岛资源旅游潜力分析

本研究范围北起山东半岛的成山角 (37°24′N ,122°42′E) ,南至苏鲁交界处的绣针河口(37°24′N ,122°42′E)。研究区东临南黄海 ,是我国北方主要的基岩港湾海岸分布区 ,海岸岩石特征为燕山期花岗岩为主 ,间有胶东元古代古老变质岩分布。海岸线全长300km多。海岸地貌特征是湾岛众多、海域开阔、生态环境优美。面积大于1km2的海湾有37个 ,大于500m2的海岛142个。海岸跨越威海、青岛和日照3个旅游区。区内具有丰富的海岛与海湾地学旅游资源 ,优美的风光、迷人的阳光沙滩、宜人的气候是本区主要的旅游资源特点。独特的生态环境和优越的区位条件决定了本区是一个具有巨大潜力的滨海旅游业发展区域。本文将其分为威海东南部、青岛近海和日照近海3个区 ,对各区地貌特征及旅游资源进行了研究 ,并针对各区旅游资源开发现状和特色 ,对其旅游开发潜力作了布局分析 ,提出了相应的旅游设计建议     

山东威海滨海沙滩动力地貌特征

通过现场调查数据和动力地貌分析,探讨了山东威海滨海沙滩剖面形态及其动力学特征。将研究区砂质海岸地貌类型分为岬湾型、沙坝泻湖型2种,其中沙坝泻湖型又可分为沙坝型,沙咀型和连岛型3种亚型。在海岸地貌类型、海洋动力和人为因素影响下,研究区的沙滩形态表现出显著的差异。依据破波尺度参数ε的大小,研究区沙滩可分为反射型、沙坝-槽谷型、低潮阶地型和耗散型4种类型。沙滩开发利用和养护对策的制定,应该针对海岸地貌类型和沙滩形态而区别对待。     

中国的海岸带调查和管理现状

中国大陆有18000km的海岸线,有基岩海岸、砂砾质海岸、淤泥质海岸、红树林海岸和珊瑚礁等多种类型.海岸带面积广阔,具有丰富的石油、滨海砂矿和生物资源,据初步估计,滩涂面积约2万km~2.我国沿海地区人口稠密、城市集中、经济发达、科技力量雄厚.开发利用海岸带资源是发展我国海洋事业的重要组成部分.为了全面齐发利用我国海岸带资源,早于1960年至1966年,国家即有计划地组织过全国海岸带的调查和研究.第二次开展的全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查,始于1980年,至1986年完成.调查范围为:北起鸭绿江口,南至北仑河河口,包括辽宁、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东和广西十个沿海省市的海岸带.调查区以海岸线为准,一般向内陆延伸10km,向海延伸至10—15m的等深线.调查内容为地质、地貌、底质、土壤、生物、水文、气象、化学等方面.     

山东半岛海岸地貌与波浪、潮汐特征的关系

本文通过山东半岛海岸地貌类型与沿岸波浪、潮汐发生学关系的对比分析,引入浪潮作用指数 K,K=2.5×(H/R),H 为平均波高,R 为平均潮差.K>1时,海岸地貌演变的动力以波浪作用为主,海岸极少发育潮汐叉道和落潮三角洲,但连岛坝发育较好;K<1时,海岸地貌演变的水动力以潮汐作用为主,落潮三角洲、潮汐叉道较发育;K 值接近于1时,发育潟湖等过渡海岸地貌类型.     

论芝罘连岛沙坝的形成

芝罘连岛沙坝是世界海岸的一个典型,为国内外地质、地理学界颇富盛名之地。早在解放前,就有人对芝罘连岛作过初步观察,并论述了其成因,本文试图通过对它的研究,来探讨山东半岛海岸升降问题、发展连岛沙坝形成的理论。中国科学院海洋研究所于1958年首次进行渤海综合调查时,曾初步观察了芝罘连岛及其附近的海岸,并编绘出了海岸地貌图和调查报告。1960年,为开展我国海岸调查研究,我们选择山东半岛北岸的芝罘连岛及其附近的海岸带为一典型海岸段进行了地质、地貌调查研究和近岸区波浪、流的观测工作。后来,水产和港口等地方各建设部门又提出了查明海岸冲汙规律、泥沙动态、护岸工程与采砂     

山东半岛北部全新世后期砂坝-溩湖发育与岸线演变形式

山东半岛北部海岸为岬湾式海岸,这里砂坝-潟湖广泛分布,形成本区海岸最重要的地貌景观。本区从湖间带至沿岸平原,从表层至地下,组成了一个形成于不同时代的砂坝-潟湖群。本区全新世后期的砂坝-潟湖的发育与演变,导致岸线向海推进。因此岸线的演变与砂坝-潟湖的发育有着密切的联系。从本区砂坝-潟湖的研究可知,自大西洋期以后,特别是距今4345a(~(14)C测年)以来,随着砂坝-潟湖的不断形成和衰亡及并陆,使陆域扩大,岸线不断向海移动。     

地貌素描在黄渤海海岸地貌研究中的应用

地貌素描是地貌调查的一种重要方法，它能直观而又突出地表现典型地貌类型的特征形态和三维空间透视感。与摄影方法相比．地貌素描不受光线和摄影角度的限制，是外业摄影方法的一种补充手段。本文选取了作者多年来创作的部分典型海岸地貌素描图，较逼真地说明了海岸地质构造和地貌特点，阐述了地貌素描在海岸地貌调查中的作用。     

《海岸工程》征稿简则

一、《海岸工程》由青岛市海岸工程学会和国家海洋局第一海洋研究所联合主办。它是海岸环境和工程科学的综合性学术刊物。二、征稿内容1、海岸工程环境(浪、潮、流等);动力地貌,工程地质,泥沙洄淤;海岸工程规划、设计、施工等方面的论文,调查研究和分析实验报告。2、国内外海岸工程科学的综合评述,重要书刊和论文评介。     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,