贺根山缝合带晚石炭世TTG岩浆事件:奥长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学制约

本文以贺根山缝合带呼都格奥长花岗岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学研究,讨论岩石成因、构造环境、TTG岩浆事件及古亚洲洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,呼都格岩体富硅(SiO₂=66.27%~71.59%)、高铝(Al₂O₃=15.23%~15.94%)、富钠(Na₂O=4.13%~6.59%)、低钾(K₂O=1.72%~2.53%),相对高锶(Sr=196.60×10^-6~465.40×10^-6)、低钇(Y=5.70×10^-6~12.63×10^-6),富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,呼都格岩体属于以奥长花岗岩为主的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩TTG岩石组合。这套TTG组合除Sr、Mg、Ni和Cr含量相对较低之外,与高Si埃达克岩的地球化学特征相类似,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧环境,可能为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年获得两组年龄为306.3±1.9Ma和315.5±1.9Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带TTG岩浆事件。结合其与梅劳特乌拉-高力罕蛇绿岩-TTG岩带前弧玄武岩、高镁安山岩/高镁闪长岩、埃达克岩、TTG、富铌弧玄武岩/辉长岩的岩石构造组合,认为古亚洲洋二连-贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世可能处于洋壳俯冲消减、TTG岩浆活动和新生陆壳生长洋陆转换过程中。     

北祁连甘肃毛藏寺铜-钼矿床花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

甘肃毛藏寺铜钼矿是与花岗质岩石有关的斑岩型矿床,矿区内花岗质岩石类型主要为似斑状二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。对矿区岩体进行年龄、地球化学研究,以约束其形成时代,并探讨岩石成因及其与成矿的关系。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年分别获得似斑状二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩谐和年龄为455.8±3.1Ma和425.0±2.8Ma,属于晚奥陶世和晚志留世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学数据显示,似斑状二长花岗岩属于过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,花岗闪长岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性岩浆系列,二者均富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显。似斑状二长花岗岩具有弱正Eu异常(δEu=1.18～1.24),显示埃达克岩的地球化学特征,形成于北祁连洋俯冲消减阶段,由俯冲洋壳(含海洋沉积物)部分熔融形成,源区主要残留物为石榴子石。花岗闪长岩显示弱负Eu异常,形成于碰撞后伸展环境,是洋壳板片断离后软流圈上涌诱发的下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融的产物。似斑状二长花岗岩符合成矿期埃达克岩特征,具有较好的成矿条件。结合前人资料,在北祁连东段寻找和勘查与埃达克岩有关的铜-钼-金矿可能是一个新的方向。     

大兴安岭乌奴耳地区石炭纪花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及形成地质背景

对乌奴耳地区花岗闪长岩进行的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试结果表明:花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为332.6±6.9Ma(MSWD=3.1),时代为早石炭世. 岩石地球化学数据显示,花岗闪长岩属准铝质低钾(拉斑)系列.花岗闪长岩总体富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素. Th、U表现,为明显正异常,Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti表现明显负异常,La、Hf、Lu等富集,δEu值为0.61~0.69,具有负铕异常,与I型花岗岩相似,具有火山弧花岗岩的特征,表明该侵入岩的形成与俯冲作用有关. 综合区域地质特征及本研究认为,花岗闪长岩为早石炭世古亚洲洋俯冲时的产物,可为古亚洲洋及东北地块构造演化研究提供新的约束和佐证实例.     

内蒙古西乌旗晚石炭世马尼塔埃达克岩的发现及其对古亚洲洋东段洋内俯冲的约束

在内蒙古西乌旗迪彦庙SSZ型蛇绿岩北部新发现一套晚石炭世马尼塔埃达克岩。该埃达克岩位于兴蒙造山带东段贺根山缝合带内岩性为花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩。马尼塔埃达克岩SiO2含量为61.91%-75.16%,Al2O3含量为13.54%~17.42%MgO含量为0.33%~2.49%,富钠贫钾(Na2O=4.58%~5.48%,K2O=0.40%~2.08%,Na2O/K2O=2.35~12.96)属于低钾拉斑系列和钙碱性系列岩石;富Sr贫Y(Sr=309.55×10^-6~433.99×10^-6,Y=3.74×10^-6~14.66×10^-6)相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) K、Rb、Sr等,亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti、P等;稀土元素总量偏低(35.79×10^-6~70.10×10^-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N值为1.59~10.11,无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.91~1.51),Yb含量为0.60×10^-6~1.86×10^-6,符合典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征。新获得的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为315.76±0.94 Ma表明马尼塔埃达克岩的形成时代为晚石炭世。马尼塔埃达克岩与迪彦庙SSZ型蛇绿岩、前弧玄武岩、白音呼舒奥长花岗岩等组成洋内俯冲岩石组合,表明古亚洲洋东段在晚石炭世并未关闭,处于洋内俯冲消减过程。     

东昆仑灶火沟早志留世花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义

灶火沟早志留世(436.8~433.7 Ma)花岗岩发育于东昆中蛇绿构造混杂岩带中,主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,其围岩分别为中元古代万宝沟群和奥陶—志留纪纳赤台群。花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩w(Si O2)分别为56.12%~63.49%和70.62%~76.54%,均为钙碱性系列。二长花岗岩显示向富碱质过渡的特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.79~1.02,属准铝质—弱过铝质系列,为I型花岗岩。花岗闪长岩∑REE低于二长花岗岩∑REE,两者均具有LREE相对富集而HREE相对亏损的相似的右倾球粒陨石标准化配分曲线特征,花岗闪长岩具弱负Eu异常,二长花岗岩具强负Eu异常;两者均具有相对富集LILE而相对亏损HFS的微量元素特征。地球化学特征显示灶火沟花岗岩为岛弧型花岗岩,是原特提斯洋壳向北俯冲引起地幔楔物质底侵东昆仑岛弧下地壳部分熔融的产物,表明东昆仑造山带在早志留世仍处于原特提斯洋壳俯冲消减阶段。     

中南祁连西缘肃北三个洼塘地区古生代两类花岗质侵入岩年代学及其地质意义

中南祁连西缘三个洼塘附近花岗质岩石由花岗岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩构成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果表明,花岗岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩侵位年龄分别为416.7±4.3Ma(MSWD=0.52)、442.5±4.7Ma(MSWD=0.46)和443.9±1.3Ma(MSWD=0.17),指示本区发生了两期岩浆活动事件。花岗质岩石均表现为过铝质,花岗岩高钾、K/Na,低Mg、Fe、Ca的主量元素特征,富集高场强元素,亏损大离子亲石元素,∑REE为122.0×10-6,δEu为0.05,具明显负铕异常。花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩多数富钠,高场强元素含量相对花岗岩较低,而大离子亲石元素含量相对花岗岩略高,∑REE为133.3×10-6~247.6×10-6,δEu为0.73~1.09,铕异常特征不明显。综合研究表明,本区花岗岩可能属于造山活动结束后伸展环境下地壳物质部分熔融形成的A型花岗岩,花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩则可能属于洋壳俯冲环境下引起岛弧岩浆活动而形成的I型花岗岩,这一成果对于研究中南祁连的构造演化有着重要意义。     

川西雀儿山花岗杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成矿专属性

川西义敦岛弧碰撞造山带北段雀儿山复式花岗杂岩体的年代学和全岩地球化学研究表明,雀儿山杂岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成。锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb测年结果显示,该岩体中的花岗闪长岩形成时代为晚三叠世(224±3 Ma),二长花岗岩则形成于早白垩世(102±1 Ma)。地球化学数据表明,晚三叠世花岗闪长岩为火山弧岩石序列,形成环境为碰撞前俯冲环境;早白垩世二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩为后碰撞岩石序列,形成于造山期后板内或陆内环境。结合区域地质资料,认为雀儿山杂岩体为印支期—燕山期义敦岛弧碰撞造山带经历俯冲--碰撞--隆升过程中的产物。     

贺根山缝合带白音呼舒奥长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

本文以出露于贺根山缝合带梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩北侧的白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及二连—贺根山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,白音呼舒岩体富硅（SiO2=66. 50%~73. 04%）、高铝（Al2O3=15. 11%~16. 75%）、富钠（Na2O=3. 50%~6. 16%）、低钾（K2O=1. 46%~2. 38%）,相对高锶（Sr=167. 0×10-6~441. 0×10-6）、低钇（Y=5. 30×10-6~9. 51×10-6）,富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,白音呼舒侵入岩体属于英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩(Tonalite—Trondhjemite—Granodiorite,TTG)岩系,与高Si 高锶低钇中酸性岩（Adakite,埃达克岩）类似,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧环境,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体的形成年龄为309. 2 ±1. 6 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带TTG岩浆作用事件。结合二连—贺根山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和中生代后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系,表明古亚洲洋二连—贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。     

中祁连西段晚寒武世埃达克岩的发现及地质意义

乌尔格拉特岩体位于中祁连西段,由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为490.5±1.4 Ma(MSWD=0.85),侵位时代为晚寒武世。岩石中Si O2含量为65.10%~71.21%,Al2O3含量为14.94%~16.82%,Mg O含量为0.23%~1.24%,A/NKC为0.9~1.0,Na2O/K2O为1.01~2.33,属准铝质花岗岩类;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Ba、U和Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti和P)和重稀土元素,其中Sr含量为345×10-6~541×10-6(平均402×10-6),Yb为0.72×10-6~1.19×10-6(平均0.97×10-6),Y为6.09×10-6~11.3×10-6(平均8.67×10-6),无铕异常(δEu=0.91~1.27),高Sr/Y值(32.6~74.3),具埃达克岩地球化学特征。结合区域地质背景,认为乌尔格拉特岩体形成于俯冲环境,为晚寒武世北祁连洋向中祁连地块俯冲的产物。     

西准噶尔拉巴岩体的成因——来自岩石学、年代学和地球化学的证据

西准噶尔西南部的拉巴岩体形成于早二叠世(285.7~295.1 Ma), 由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩岩基和一系列花岗闪长斑岩、闪长岩、花岗岩等岩脉组成, 矿物主要包括石英、斜长石、碱性长石、角闪石和黑云母等, CaO、Na2O含量较高, Eu弱负异常, 高εNd、低(87Sr/86Sr)i, 具有中高硅、钙碱性、贫镁铁、准铝质-弱过铝质的特点, 属典型的I型花岗岩, 可进一步分为高Sr低Yb的高压型埃达克岩和低Sr高Yb的低压型岛弧花岗岩, 均形成于洋壳俯冲的岛弧环境, 西准噶尔地区在早二叠世可能仍存在未完全关闭的有限洋盆, 对完善区域大地构造演化具有重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an