激光织构对Fe基非晶合金涂层润湿性的影响研究

为提高页岩油气钻进过程中钻头表面的耐磨性能及防泥包性能,采用冷喷涂（CS）和超音速火焰喷涂（HVAF）技术在35CrMo钢基体上制备了Fe₄₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂非晶合金涂层,并利用紫外激光制备了涂层的疏水表面,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）测试分析了涂层的微观结构和力学性能,利用接触角测量仪表征涂层的润湿性,并分析其润湿机理。结果表明：利用CS技术制备的Fe基非晶合金涂层结构更加致密,非晶质量分数达到90%,且具有更好的热稳定性。激光过程中的熔融物快速冷却在涂层表面形成纳米尺寸级别的凝结物以及团聚物形成微纳复合结构,在激光扫描次数为7次时,CS涂层表面水接触角最高,具有良好的疏水性。     

钻杆接头材料35CrMo硫氮复合处理层的干摩擦学性能研究

应用离子渗氮与离子渗硫技术,在钻杆接头材料35CrMo钢表面制备了硫氮复合处理层。采用M-200环块磨损试验机,对比研究了原始渗氮表面与硫氮复合表面在干摩擦条件下的抗磨损性能。结果表明,在干摩擦的条件下,由于摩擦副的接触表面缺乏润滑,硬度较高的渗氮层会加剧接触表面的磨损。而硫氮复合处理层由于在表面存在一层硫化亚铁固体润滑层,在磨损过程中可以起到一定的润滑作用,因此其在干摩擦条件下具备更好的抗磨损性能。     

不同温度真空热处理对FeCrMoCBY非晶合金涂层组织结构与摩擦学性能的影响研究

深部地质钻探过程中,复杂的井下工况对钻具的钻探性能以及可靠性提出了苛刻的要求。钻具钢体表面涂覆具有耐磨耐蚀性的非晶涂层可以有效提高其服役寿命。其中Fe基非晶合金涂层因其优异的耐腐蚀抗磨损性能、较强的非晶形成能力等优势,具有重要的应用价值和较好的经济效益。本文通过大气等离子喷涂技术（Air Plasma Spray, APS）在35CrMo基体上制备得到成分为Fe₄₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂ （at.%）的非晶合金涂层,并对其进行不同温度的真空热处理,探究了不同温度热处理对涂层基本性能和磨损失效机制的影响。结果表明：涂层经过真空热处理之后,生成的大量硬质相和成分均匀化使得涂层抗磨损性能提高;且随着热处理温度的提高,涂层磨损率逐渐减小。与未经热处理和750 ℃热处理的涂层相比,经过850 ℃热处理之后的涂层具有最佳的抗磨损性能,磨损率仅为未经热处理的Fe基非晶涂层的16.7%。热处理前后涂层的失效机制均为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。     

新变种矿物——铌铁锐钛矿及其共生矿物钕易解石

铌铁锐钛矿是含铌、铁的锐钛矿变种。呈土黄色、褐棕色,板状或土粒状。反射率589nm,15.9％,显微硬度H_v=275.9kg/mm~2。计算比重4.4g/cm~3。主要化学成分Nb_2O_534.92—44.3％,TiO_2 29.38—37.58％,Fe_2O_3 14.94—17.19％。化学式:(Ti_(0.44)Nb_(0.31)Fe_(0.25))_(1.00)O_2X射线分析表明该矿物属四方晶系,α=3.828±0.002,c=9.682±0.009,空间群I4_1/amd,Z=4。 共生矿物钕易解石,深红色者变生现象轻微;浅黄色钕易解石与铌铁锐钛矿可能形成于稍晚、较低温度条件下的矿化过程。     

新的锂矿物——扎布耶石(Zabuyelite)

在西藏扎布耶盐湖中首次发现天然碳酸锂,呈细小棱柱状,单斜晶系,D=2.09±0.01(实测)。无色透明,β平行b轴,光轴面垂直(010),γ∧C=10°,沿(100)具双晶。γ=1.5743±0.001,β=1.5672±0.001,α=1.4285±0.001,2V(-)?25°。经化学全分析配算其化学式为Li_2CO_3。X射线特征线条:4.16(8)、2.92(8)、2.81(10)。α_0=0.835±0.0003nm,b_0=0.4964±0.001nm,c_0=0.6185±0.0009nm,     

利用提钾废渣和粉煤灰制备矿物聚合材料的实验研究

利用富钾岩石提钾后的废渣代替硅酸钠 (钾 )、大部分高岭石和氢氧化钠 (钾 ) ,以粉煤灰为主要原料 ,制备出矿物聚合材料 ,并采用正交实验确定其优化工艺条件为 :煅烧高岭石用量为 10 %～ 15 % ,废渣用量约 35 % ,氢氧化钠用量为 5 %～ 6 %。代表性样品的 7d抗压强度可达到 4 0～ 5 0MPa ,耐酸性、耐碱性分别为 99.99%和 10 0 % ,密度1.77～ 1.88g/cm3 ,收缩率 0 .13%～ 0 .2 8% ,导热系数 0 .4 8～ 0 .5 1W/m·K ,平均硬度 3.4 3。X射线粉末衍射分析表明 ,由铝硅酸盐聚合反应形成的基体相呈非晶态。扫描电镜分析絮凝状的基体相与粉煤灰玻璃体结合紧密 ,从而为制品具备良好的力学性能提供了结构基础。该矿物聚合材料成本低廉 ,同时又能利用粉煤灰等工业固体废物而达到改善环境的目的     

新矿物大庙矿—铟与铂的天然合金

大庙矿产在石榴石角闪石辉石岩中的含钴、铜的铂矿脉中。它常呈直径为1.0—2.0mm的小圆球与伊逊矿紧密共生;不透明,金属光泽;颜色为钢灰色,条痕黑色;莫氏硬度H_M 5.3,显微硬度VHN_(50) 485 kg/mm~2(范围434—529 kg/mm~2);无解理;计算密度D_(calc.) =10.95 g/cm~3。9个电子探针分析的平均化学成分为(％):Pt 45.6,In 53.5。化学式为:PtIn_2。6条最强X射线衍射线(hkl,d,I)为:220,2.25(100);311,1.92(60);400,1.59(60);422,1.299(80);440,1.125(60);620,1.006(70)。X射线粉晶衍射线图谱指标化后求得该矿物为等轴晶系,空间群:Fm3m。α=0.6364(3)nm。V=0.25775nm~3。Z=4。     

不同回火温度对一种低碳高强钢显微组织及力学性能的影响

为提高钻探装备用低碳高强钢材料的力学性能,可通过调节不同热处理回火温度以获得不同材料组织成分来有效实现。分别以610、630、650℃为试验设定热处理回火温度,并利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对回火后低碳高强钢材料显微组织进行对比分析;利用显微硬度仪、万能材料试验机、冲击试验机对试验材料显微组织硬度、拉伸性能及抗冲击性进行试验测试。研究结果表明:经过调质处理后的材料性能较原材料有所提升。当回火温度为610℃时,显微组织为回火马氏体+回火索氏体,其屈服强度最高为1 020 MPa,显微硬度为332 HV,且具有较好的塑性。随着回火温度的增加,显微组织发生回复,转变为回火索氏体。此时其屈服强度与抗拉强度下降,冲击功提升,650℃下冲击功最高。随着回火温度的变化,冲击与拉伸断口呈现出韧性断裂、准解理断裂以及混合断裂多种失效形式。回火工艺可有效提升该低碳高强钢的力学性能,且该工艺在生产中易得到大面积使用。      

新矿物长城矿—铱的硫铋化物

长城矿产在铬铁矿体及临近矿体的铂砂矿中。呈块状聚集体或细脉状,分布在硫铱矿的边缘并交代它。不透明,金属光泽,钢灰色,条痕黑色。莫氏硬度H_M=3.7,显微硬度VHN_(20)=165kg/mm~2。均质性,无解理。计算密度D_(calc.)=11.96g/cm~3。7个电子探针分析的平均化学成分(％):S 7.2,Cu 0.3,Te 0.4,Ir 41.2,Pt 2.8,Bi 47.2,总量99.1。简化的化学式为IrBiS。5条最强X射线粉晶衍射线(hkl,d,I)为:210,2.75(70);211,2.51(60);311,1.860(100);440,1.090(50);600,1.027(50)。X射线粉晶衍射图谱与马营矿相似。进行对比后,长城矿可以指标化为等轴晶系、空间群P2_13。由X射线粉晶衍射线求得α=0.6164(4)nm,V=0.2342nm~3,Z=4。     

玄武岩纤维增强铝基复合钻杆材料的制备研究

针对铝合金钻杆耐磨性和耐腐蚀性差导致其难以在深部钻井中应用的技术难题,本文以7075铝合金粉作为基体,玄武岩短纤维作为增强体,利用真空热压烧结技术制备了玄武岩纤维增强型铝基复合材料,并对其微观组织结构、密度和显微硬度等性能进行了研究。结果表明,玄武岩纤维在铝基体中分散均匀,界面处发生了化学渗透,SiO₂和Al之间发生置换反应,从而获得了良好的界面结合强度,复合材料的密实度较高,玄武岩纤维的加入显著提高了复合材料的显微硬度。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of