富县地区末次间冰期以来古气候环境的演变

研究剖面位于洛川源北部的富县县城东郊。剖面由第一层古土壤(S_1)、马兰黄土(L_1)和全新世古土壤(S_0)组成。孢粉分析结果表明,黄土地层中孢粉非常丰富,为恢复古植被与古气候提供了可靠依据。S_1的植被是以榛、菊、蒿为主的疏林草原,有亚热带树种出现,反映了末次冰期的温湿气候。L_1时主要为菊、蒿干草原,气候冷干,其间有四次乔木增多期,反映了末次间冰期中有四次间冰阶的相对温湿气候波动。近代耕土中为以松、藜、中华卷柏为主的森林草原,反映了全新世某个时期比较温凉干旱的气候。     

陕西榆林风沙滩区全新世气候和环境变迁

榆林长城沿线处于环境变化敏感带,其风沙滩区沉积剖面的磁化率和粒度分析结果显示,该区全新世早期11 500~10 000 a BP随着全球气候的逐渐转暖,磁化率、黏粒和粉沙含量逐渐增高;全新世中期的10 000~4 500 a BP气候相对比较湿润,植被覆盖度增大,风沙活动减弱,地表沉积物当中粉沙和黏土成分含量显著增大,风化成壤作用增强,地表发育沙质弱古土壤;全新世中期后段的4 500~3 000 a BP期间,气候以比较温和湿润为主,但在4 200~4 000 a BP出现一个气候干旱事件,风沙活动强烈;近3 000 a以来,气候显著干旱化,波动频繁,地表风沙沉积物显著变粗,表现出有5次沙漠扩张。该区生态环境演化、人文历史变迁基本上是自然因素与人为活动综合作用的结果,以自然演化为主,近代人为因素对环境变化起着加强和放大作用。     

天水谢家湾全新世环境变迁及人地关系演化

在野外详细观测的基础上，对天水谢家湾全新世黄土剖面以2cm为间距进行了连续采样，并对所有样品作了磁化率和粒度分析，结果综合反映出研究区自全新世以来，经历了早期升温、中期基本暖湿、晚期趋于干冷的气候环境演化阶段，其中全新世中期在总体温湿的大背景下，存在频繁的气候波动。以此为基础，结合对渭河文化的历史研究资料，探讨了区内约1万年以来的人地关系演化历史，指出人地关系的和谐与统一，对人类社会发展具有重要意义。     

山东烟台地区芝罘剖面粒度分维特征及其环境意义

山东半岛北部存在一系列黄土-古土壤沉积序列。在野外调查的基础上,通过对山东烟台地区芝罘岛黄土状沉积物粒度和分维值特征的分析,结合光释光测年,探讨了山东半岛北部晚更新世气候环境演变。结果表明:芝罘剖面末次冰期—末次间冰期(62.85～124.90 ka B.P.)主要由砂黄土、黄土和古土壤叠覆堆积组成;芝罘剖面沉积物具有良好的分形结构,可以清楚区分黄土与古土壤,分维值从大到小分别为古土壤(2.379)、黄土(2.194)、砂黄土-黄土(2.157);分维值与标准偏差成显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.889 4,与平均粒径有较好的正相关性,与峰态和偏度相关性较低;芝罘剖面沉积物分维值在垂向上呈现出峰谷交替的3个旋回,可以替代粒度参数指示沉积环境,分维值低反映气候干冷,冬季风强盛,黄土堆积速率加快,反之则气候暖湿,古土壤发育。     

黄土高原古植被与再造山川秀美

要想恢复秀美的山川,主要在于恢复被人类严重破坏的原始植被.黄土高原的原始植被到底是什么样子,学者们说法不一.孢粉分析是最重要的方法.目前,研究结果已揭示出黄土高原古植被在第四纪以来显示着时间上、空间上的变化.古土壤代表间冰期夏季风盛行的湿热气候,植被比较繁盛;黄土代表冰期冬季风盛行的干冷气候,植被凋凌.全新世中期5000～6000年前,现代间冰期气候最佳时期,半坡人生存之时,森林茂密并有亚热带植物入侵,但兰州一带1万年来一直保持着荒漠草原的面貌.因此,黄土高原植被的恢复应参照各地的原始植被并考虑现代气候条件,因地制宜地实施.在东南部可以恢复森林,中西部可以恢复森林草原,西北部只能种草恢复草原.     

郑州地区全新世古气候变化初探

根据对Z_(37-2)孔的孢粉分析结果表明,郑州地区,自全新世以来,气候经历三次较大的波动,先是气候开始转暖,气温不高,温凉半湿润;二是气候继续升高,达到“最适宜”气候期,温暖湿润;最后是气候再度下降,降水减少,温凉偏干.本区气侯变化规律,与北京地区基本符合.依据气侯地层学的观点,并结合放射性碳年代测定,本区的全新世地层可以划分为三期:即全新世早期(距今11000～7500a),全新世中期(距今7500～2500a),全新世晚期(距今2500a至今).     

西宁大墩岭剖面黄土地层初步研究

大墩岭黄土剖面总厚261.3m,包括有全新世黄土、马兰黄土、离石黄土和午城黄土上部。全新世黄土厚0.6m,包括 So 及其以上黄土;马兰黄土厚16.6m,位于 So 底部与 S_1顶部之间;S_1至 L_5为离石黄土上部,厚75.34m,包括14个黄土—古土壤层;S_5至 L_(15)为离石黄土下部,厚157.43m,包括10个黄土-古土壤层,其中 S_5、L_9、L_(15)为三个标志层;午城黄土厚11.33m,由两层古土壤和一层黄土组成。B/M 界限位于 L_8顶部,B1事件位于 S_1中部,p—J 事件位于 L_9上部,J 事件位于 S_(10)中部至 L_(12)顶部。根据古地磁界限年龄推算的剖面底界年龄为1.2MaB.P.。整个剖面可与兰州九洲台、洛川黄土剖面进行对比。     

粒度端元记录的靖边地区MIS 3以来的气候变化

黄土作为典型的多物源沉积物，粒度分布常呈现多峰分布。端元分析可以从复杂的沉积物粒度中分离出代表不同沉积物源和沉积动力的端元组分，在黄土研究中得到了广泛应用。利用Paterson参数化端元模型对处于毛乌素沙漠东南缘的靖边三道沟剖面粒度进行端元分离与解释，并讨论其代表的环境意义。靖边三道沟黄土可分为4个端元:EM1（众数粒径8.93 μm）为背景粉尘；EM2（众数粒径25.18 μm）为与季风环流有关的组分；EM3（众数粒径39.91 μm）和EM4（众数粒径56.37 μm）都是与冬季风有关的组分，其中EM3为黄土高原黄土主要组分，EM4与现代沙尘暴的粒级大致相同。通过对各端元组分随年龄变化的曲线进行分析，得到以下结论:该剖面记录了靖边地区自MIS 3以来经历了MIS 3（32.8~29.8 ka BP）、LGM（29.8~22.8 ka BP）、冰消期（22.8~11.3 ka BP）和全新世（8.7~1.7 ka BP）共4个气候时期。端元组分还记录了冰消期H 1事件（16.2~13.8 ka BP）、B/A事件（13.8~12.8 ka BP）、YD事件（12.8~11.3 ka BP）共3次气候快速变化事件和D-O旋回。该剖面还记录了毛乌素沙漠末次冰期经历的3次主要的扩张-收缩旋回以及全新世8.7~8.2，6.0~5.0，3.5~2.5 ka共3次干旱沙进事件。      

南阳盆地更新世以来的孢粉分析及其古气候记录

通过对南阳盆地的2个控制性钻孔样品进行精确的光释光定年、ESR定年和孢粉分析,结合现代表土植被概貌,重建了该区更新世以来的植被和环境演化历史。结果表明,早更新世,该区以草原和森林植被的草本植物为主,略大于木本植物,后期随着森林植被的发育,沉积环境相对稳定;中更新世主要表现为木本植物快速减少,蕨类也减少,其次是水生和陆生草本植物的相应增加;晚更新世,主要表现为次生的松属植被明显增加,水生植物明显减少;全新世,钻孔最上部藻类植物的大量增加,反映了水体面积较大,表明该时期该区水量丰沛。区域对比显示,该区从更新世到全新世气候温暖湿润,变化不大,未出现过冰期气候,各时段的气温差异不大,但干湿变化比较明显。气候环境演化特征与典型的东亚季风影响区有着明显差异,这与南阳盆地局部的环境有密切关系。      

东北地区向海湖泊沉积物正构烷烃单体碳同位素特征及其古环境意义

以松嫩平原西部向海1 420cm湖泊沉积物剖面为研究对象,根据AMS 14C年代信息建立末次冰消期以来的年代序列;结合沉积物类型、有机质丰度,重点对样品中正构烷烃及长链正构烷烃碳同位素等分子有机地球化学特征进行研究;通过综合对比各气候指标,重建该地区末次冰消期以来的古植被、古气候变化。结果表明:向海湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃的分布特征表明其主要来源于低等菌藻类生物和高等植物;正构烷烃的高碳数部分呈现明显的奇碳优势,高碳数部分主峰碳主要为nC31,指示有机质主要来源于陆生高等植物,且草本高等植物输入丰富;长链正构烷烃(nC27、nC29、nC31)稳定碳同位素整体呈偏正的趋势,并利用二元模式估算出湖区主要高等植被类型以C3植物占绝对优势,末次冰消期到全新世大暖期C4植物相对生物量增加;末次冰消期以来,研究区气候环境变化较不稳定,可分为5个阶段,分别为气候冷干的末次冰消期,气候冷湿的早全新世,气候暖干的中全新世大暖期前期,气候温暖湿润的中全新世大暖期后期以及气候温凉变干的晚全新世。     

西宁的黄土研究

根据古地磁、磁化率、粒度和重矿物分析及电镜扫描石英砂表面特征等测试手段的综合研究,西宁地区的黄土可分出从S_0至L_(17)的连续黄土——古土壤序列。它包括全新世黄土、马兰黄土、离石黄土和午城黄土,形成的时间为1.2MaB·P.。黄土粒度粗,且含有两个风成细砂分层。重矿物以不透明矿物、角闪石为主,次为绿泥石、锆石和金红石等。石英砂颗粒以次棱角状为主,其次为棱角状。石英砂表面机械结构中有众多的冰川作用痕迹和风力作用痕迹。本区黄土主要来源于青藏高原第四纪局部冰盖、冰川及其外围广大冰缘地区所产生的粉砂物质。西宁大墩岭黄土剖面详细地记录了1.2MaB·P.的环境变化信息。其中1.1MaB·P.形成的L_(15)顶部的细砂分层代表1.2Ma以来最为干冷的严酷时期。L_1和L_2是末次冰期和倒数第二次冰期的产物。倒数第二次冰期比末次冰期更为干冷,极盛时期为0.155MaB·P.。S_1S_3和S_4可能代表1.2Ma以来本区最为温暖湿润的时期。     

GEOCHEMICAL RECORDS OF PALAEOCLIMATIC CHANGES IN WEINANSECTION SINCE THE LAST INTERGLACIAL

ChineselOeSSischaracterizedbythegreatthicknessandgabscontinuity.ItrererdsQuaternalyclimaticoscillations(Liu,1985).Inrecentyears,scientistshavetriedtOusephysicalorchemicalparameterstOrecostructthepastclimaticchanges.FOrinstance,theparticlesizeisUSedasproxyindicatorforthewintermo~intensity(Liu,1993),stableoxygenisotopicrecordofCarbenatenodulesisusedtoreflectthetemperaturevallationsOfsoilformation(Han,1995),andrnsgneticsuSCeptibilityandCarhanatecontentareughasproxyparametersforsuxnmermourn…     

LOESS IN THE LONGXI BASIN OF GANSU PROVINCE

The Nuanquangou loess section in the Longxi Basin has been examined in terms of stratigraphic investigation,. including 14C dating, paleomagnetic polarity, spore-pollen diagram, and mineral and chemical analyses. The results indicate that the section is one of the ancient loess sections with a continuous sedimentation and composed of homogeneous materials with abundant carbonate. The Brunhes / Matuyama boundary and the Jaramillo event were recorded in the section. Stratigraphically,this section can be divided into the Holocene and the Pleistocene loess. The latter includes Malan, Lishi and Wucheng loess in descending order. They were developed at about 1.2 Ma ago, whereas the Nuanquangou loess section possesses some local characteristics different from those observed in other areas.     

Environmental anomalies in the northeastern East China Sea during the last 3 000 years: implications for El Niño activity in the Holocene

To reconstruct the productivity changes for the last 10 500 a in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), biogenic compounds (such as carbonate, organic carbon and opal), marine micropaleontological fossils (planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, radiolarian and silicoflagellate) and the compositional characters of benthic foraminifera fauna analyses were carried out on a sediment core DOC082 obtained from the western slope of Okinawa Trough (29°13.93′N, 128°08.53′E; 1 128 m water depth). The long-term changes of biogenic and micropaleontological proxies display some similarities through the last 10 500 a, which show three different phases: lower values are recorded during the early and middle Holocene (before about 4 000 a BP), followed by an abrupt and remarkable increase at about 4 000 a BP, the late Holocene (after about 3 000 a BP) is characterized by continuously high values. The multi-proxy data of paleoproductivity and percents of benthic foraminifera genera (Uvigerina and Bulimina) show that during the early and middle Holocene (10 500–4 000 a BP) productivity was relatively low with a sudden and distinct increase at about 4 000 a BP, and the late Holocene (3 400–0 a BP) is marked by significantly higher productivity. Also, the radiolarian-based sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a distinct decline in SST in the late Holocene after 3 200 a BP, very different from the early and middle Holocene. For the last 3 000 a, the enhanced biological productivity and distinctly lower SST indicate a major change of oceanographic conditions in the northeastern ECS. These marine environmental anomalies are consistent with other paleoclimatic records for the late Holocene in the Chinese continent and its surrounding regions. After analyzing the mechanisms of modern productivity and SST changes in the northeastern ECS, and based on the climatic anomalies in the Chinese continent and variations in the Kuroshio Current during modern El Niño periods, we suggest that the anomalous environmental conditions in the northeastern ECS may imply intensified El Niño activity during the late Holocene.     

Holocene climate cycles in northwest margin of Asian monsoon

In the mid-latitude regions of the Asian continent,Zhuye Lake is located in the northwest margin of the Asian monsoon,where the modern climate is affected by the Asian monsoon and Westerlies.In this study,we investigated the absolutely dated Holocene records in Zhuye Lake for detecting the Holocene climate cycles.Totally,14 14 C dates and 6 optically simulated luminescence(OSL) dates are obtained from the QTH01 and QTH02 sections.The proxies of grain-size,total organic carbon content(TOC),C/N and δ 13 C are used for wavelet analysis,and the results show obvious ~256,~512 and ~1024-year climate cycles,which are consistent with the Holocene millennial and centennial scale climate cycles in the typical Asian summer monsoon domain.In different parts of the Zhuye Lake,the Holocene sediments show variable climate cycles that are affected by the lake basin topography.In the Zhuye Lake,the Holocene climate cycles are mainly correlated with the solar-related Asian summer monsoon variability and the North Atlantic ice-rafting events.     

Biomarker records of phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in the Central Yellow Sea mud area during the Mid-late Holocene

The Yellow Sea (YS) environmental and ecological changes during the Holocene are driven by the interactions between the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the Kuroshio Current (KC). We report marine biomarker records of brassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones in core ZY1 and core ZY2 from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) to reconstruct the spatial/temporal variations and possible mechanisms of phytoplankton primary productivity and community structure changes during the Mid-late Holocene. The contents of the corresponding biomarkers in the two cores are similar, and they also reveal broadly similar temporal trends. From 6 kyr to 3 kyr, the biomarker contents in the two cores were relatively low with small oscillations, followed by a distinct increase at about 3 kyr indicating productivity increases caused by a stronger EAWM. The alkenone/brassicasterol ratio (A/B) is used as a community structure proxy, which also showed higher values in both cores since 3 kyr, indicating increased haptophyte contribution to total productivity. It is proposed that the YS community structure has been mainly influenced by the YSWC, with stronger YSWC influences causing an increase in haptophyte contribution since 3 kyr. Some differences of the biomarker records between ZY2 and ZY1 suggest spatial variations in response to YSWC and KC forcing. When the KC was intensified during the periods of 6–4.2 kyr and 1.7–0 kyr, the YSWC extended eastward, exerting more influence on core ZY1. On the other hand, when the KC weakened during 4.2–1.7 kyr, the YSWC extended westward, exerting more influence on the ZY2.     

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE CLIMATIC RECORDS OF LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS OF QINGTU LAKE IN THE LAST 6000 YEARS

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