GIS在我国岩土工程中的应用

介绍国内GIS在岩土工程中的应用实例、应用范围及研究水平、发展方向。     

浅谈沉降监测在工业生产厂房中的实践

建筑物的沉降监测是确保其施工至运营管理阶段安全使用的重要环节,一些工业建筑在主体竣工前后会有大型设备进厂安装,所以对其进行沉降监测是一项重要环节。本文以北京南部地区某工业厂房的沉降监测项目为例,介绍了沉降监测在工业厂房中的实践。阐述了沉降监测的过程及方法,及其监测数据的处理和结果分析。     

Advances in spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing in China

With the maturation of satellite technology,Hyperspectral Remote Sensing(HRS)platforms have developed from the initial ground-based and airborne platforms into spaceborne plat-forms,which greatly promotes the civil application of HRS imagery in the fields of agriculture,forestry,and environmental monitoring.China is playing an important role in this evolution,especially in recent years,with the successful launch and operation of a series of civil hyper-spectral spacecraft and satellites,including the Shenzhou-3 spacecraft,the Gaofen-5 satellite,the SPARK satellite,the Zhuhai-1 satellite network for environmental and resources monitoring,the FengYun series of satellites for meteorological observation,and the Chang'E series of spacecraft for planetary exploration.The Chinese spaceborne HRS platforms have various new characteristics,such as the wide swath width,high spatial resolution,wide spectral range,hyperspectral satellite networks,and microsatellites.This paper focuses on the recent progress in Chinese spaceborne HRS,from the aspects of the typical satellite systems,the data processing,and the applications.In addition,the future development trends of HRS in China are also discussed and analyzed.     

洞庭湖区"冬陆夏水"区域变化研究

利用遥感与地理信息系统技术,提取1987,1998,2003和2008年4个时段洞庭湖"冬陆夏水"区域.运用改进归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)的方法,提取丰水期和枯水期遥感图像的水体并相减,获得"冬陆夏水"区域,并对20年的"冬陆夏水"变化的面积进行监督分类.分析发现,研究区的"冬陆夏水"面积,从1987年到2008...     

航空摄影测量在电信业3G技术中的应用

航空摄影测量技术为3G技术提供了高精度的基础数据,加强了高精度模型传播的准确性,从而推动了3G技术的快速发展。着重介绍航空摄影测量在电信业3G技术应用中的基础数据,并进行模型传播分析。     

多山地区输电通道内道路提取方法

准确提取输电通道内各地物类别是进行输电通道三维建模及交跨分析的基础。为解决目前贵州等多山地区输电通道内道路提取方法稳健性低、效率低的问题,本文通过结合道路特征显著性检测与形态约束的方法对影像中多山地区输电通道内道路的快速准确提取进行了研究。首先,对卫星影像中山区道路特征进行分析,对每个像素分别计算基于道路颜色一致性和结构一致性的像素级显著值;然后,结合显著目标空间先验知识融合显著性检测结果,形成最终道路显著图,初步提取影像中道路目标;最后,分析道路与建筑物等的差异性,基于道路形态一致性定义道路形态约束条件,通过制定约束规则最终实现道路的准确提取。结果表明,该方法对于不同弯曲程度、粘连程度及影像对比度的道路都能实现快速准确提取,提取完整度、正确率、质量及耗时平均分别为97.5%、97.0%、95.6%、0.515 s。该方法稳健性高,可以快速、准确提取各种情况下道路,在输电线路工程实际中有很好的应用前景。     

论地图设计中的形象思维问题

形象思维与抽象思维的有机结合是地图设计专家思维的主要特征，形象思维在地图设计中具有重要的作用。本文介绍了形象思维与抽象思维的基本概念，探讨了形象思维在地图设计中的作用、地图设计的形象思维工具和地图设计中的形象思维过程。通过对形象思维与地图设计专家系统关系的初步探讨，认为对形象思维的研究有助于地图设计专家系统的研制。     

矿山环境高光谱遥感监测研究进展

在综合分析大量文献的基础上,归纳了高光谱技术在矿山次生矿物识别、重金属浓度反演、p H值定量估算、污染植被信息提取等方面的应用,总结了基于高光谱遥感提取有关氧化和脱水状态动态分析、气候变化追踪等信息的研究进展,展示了高光谱技术在矿山环境调查监测领域的广阔应用前景。研究表明,含铁硫化物及其氧化矿物标准光谱库的建立具有重大意义,推动了酸性矿山环境高光谱遥感研究;对矿山环境地质作用与光谱响应之间关系的认识逐渐深入,促进了高光谱地质应用模型的开发;高光谱数据蕴含着丰富的矿山环境地学信息,具备提取多方面重要信息的潜力。最后结合当前欧美发达国家开发高光谱小卫星的实际,指出今后矿山环境高光谱遥感研究将从矿物及矿物成分识别转向矿物形成时的物理化学性质反演、从短期调查向长期监测、从航空向航天、从单一矿山向成矿区带或大型矿集区转变。     

分布式仿真系统中环境场景的实时定位

分布式仿真系统中,各节点之间通过消息互相交流信息,3维地形虚拟场景通常在大量的仿真系统中作为重要的对象参与仿真.由于各个对象的参考坐标系之间存在差异.所以在3维地形虚拟场景节点与系统中其他各节点之间进行消息交换时,存在一个坐标转换的问题.文中给出了一种坐标转换的快速算法,从而保证仿真过程中场景的实时定位.     

分布式仿真系统中环境场景的实时定位

分布式仿真系统中 ,各节点之间通过消息互相交流信息 ,3维地形虚拟场景通常在大量的仿真系统中作为重要的对象参与仿真。由于各个对象的参考坐标系之间存在差异。所以在 3维地形虚拟场景节点与系统中其他各节点之间进行消息交换时 ,存在一个坐标转换的问题。文中给出了一种坐标转换的快速算法 ,从而保证仿真过程中场景的实时定位     

我国地球重力场研究的进展

概述了我国近年来在地球重力场研究方面所做的主要工作和取得的成果 ,包括 :① 2 0 0 0国家重力基本网的建立 ;②我国省市级局部大地水准面的精化 ;③卫星测高 ;④高阶地球重力场模型 ;⑤卫星重力探测技术。     

GZCORS在广州市某测区地形测量中的应用

本文介绍了广州市连续运行参与站系统(GZCORS)和广州市似大地水准面精化成果确立的广州市城市三维定位系统在地形图测量中的应用,并通过实例分析其精度。     

Lake variations in response to climate change in the Tibetan Plateau in the past 40 years

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in global climate and environmental change and holds the largest lake area in China, with a total surface area of 36,900 km². The expansion and shrinkage of these lakes are critical to the water cycle and ecological and environmental systems across the plateau. In this paper, surface areas of major lakes within the plateau were extracted based on a topographic map from 1970, and Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ satellite images from the 1970s to 2008. Then, a multivariate correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the changes in lake surface areas and the changes in climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and sunshine duration. Initial results suggest that the variations in lake surface areas within the plateau are closely related to the warming, humidified climate transition in recent years such as the rise of air temperature and the increase in precipitation. In particular, the rising temperature accelerates melting of glaciers and perennial snow cover and triggers permafrost degradation, and leads to the expansion of most lakes across the plateau. In addition, different distributions and types of permafrost may cause different lake variations in the southern Tibetan Plateau.     

我国矿山测量的十五年回顾与新时期的任务

全面反思我国矿山测量15年的发展历程,客观分析面临的形势,在此基础上提出新时期的历史使命和任务。认为十五年来受市场经济体制改革、高等教育改革、资源管理体制改革以及测绘新技术新理论等的影响,我国矿山测量事业走过了一段艰苦的历程。新时期它又面对着煤矿安全生产、资源集约节约利用、矿山循环经济建设、绿色开采等新形势与理念的挑战。为此,矿山测量需要修订相关技术规程规范、建立矿区资源与环境信息系统、研制矿山测量自动化系统、大力发展高等职业教育和建立矿山测量师的培训机构等。     

我国大地测量及卫星导航定位技术的新进展

综述我国大地测量及卫星导航定位技术的新进展,介绍近几年我国大地测量工作取得的重要成果:坐标系统的建立、维护和更新;卫星定位技术的发展应用;地壳运动监测与大地测量地球动力学研究进展;(似)大地水准面精化研究进展。     

兰州市土地利用/土地覆被动态变化研究

以兰州市2000年和2010年两个年版的土地利用现状数据进行土地利用/土地覆被动态变化资源为对象,结合遥感技术和地理信息系统技术,分析兰州市土地利用的数量变化特征和空间变化特征.研究结果表明:农田、草地、居住地、工矿成为10年来兰州市土地利用的主要转化类型.其中农田面积增加了126.26 km2,主要由草地、居住地、裸地、灌木、工矿转化而来.兰州市属两山夹一河的特殊地貌,城市用地紧张,本研究为探索兰州市发展的新途径提供了技术参考.     

Drainage reversal in dharmapuri area in tamilnadu and its effects

Anomalies have been noticed in the Nagavati River and the Semmandakuppam ar drainage systems of the Dharmapuri area in the form of abrupt changes in the drainage pattern, elbow turning of tributary streams etc. On a detailed geomorphological study of the area using air photos, it has bsen observed that the anomalous situation is due to successive stages of development of the Nagavati R. at the cost of Semmandakuppam ar in the overall evolution of the landforms in the area. The Nagavati R. apppears to have originated as a very minor obsequent stream at an escarpment bank of the Cauvery R. which has been flowing in the southern part of the Dharmapuri pediplain. Owing probably to the uplift of the area and a concommittant reactivation of a regional shear, the Nagavati R has made successive headward advances into the pediplain, and in the process, has captured the upper reaches of the Semmandakuppam ar which is a tributary to the Ponnaiyar R. that drains the uplifted pediment even at present. The process of dissection and headward erosion by the Nagavati R. is still active and could possibly lead to a total capture of the Semmandakuppam ar and even the diversion of the Ponnaiyar R. head-waters into the Cauvery system. Of imminemt concern is the fast spreading badland which is developing at the head of the Nagavati R. at the expense of valuable agricultural land and a highway lying immediately west of the Dharmapuri town.     

Performance of Landsat TM in ship detection in turbid waters

The visible and near infrared bands of Landsat have limitations for detecting ships in turbid water. The potential of TM middle infrared bands for ship detection has so far not been investigated. This study analyzed the performance of the six Landsat TM visible and infrared bands for detecting dredging ships in the turbid waters of the Poyang Lake, China. A colour composite of principal components analysis (PCA) components 3, 2 and 1 of a TM image was used to randomly select 81 dredging ships. The reflectance contrast between ships and adjacent water was calculated for each ship. A z-score and related p-value were used to assess the ship detection performance of the six Landsat TM bands. The reflectance contrast was related to water turbidity to analyze how water turbidity affected the capability of ship identification. The results revealed that the TM middle infrared bands 5 and 7 better discriminated vessels from surrounding waters than the visible and near infrared bands 1–4. A significant relation between reflectance contrast and water turbidity in bands 1–4 could explain the limitations of bands 1–4; while water turbidity has no a significant relation to the reflectance contrast of bands 5 and 7. This explains why bands 5 and 7 detect ships better than bands 1–4.     

JSCORS在涡湖水下地形测量中的应用

应用JSCORS系统结合测深仪进行无验潮水下地形测量,并与RTK水下地形测量作业方法进行比较分析.     

无人机影像在蔬菜基地变化监测中的应用

为精确获取蔬菜基地变化信息,本文以广东省韶关市乳源瑶族自治县蔬菜基地为例,基于无人机技术获取的2019年9月与2019年11月经过数据预处理的无人机影像,采用ERDAS的DeltaCue智能变化检测模块,通过Magnitude Diff算法检测变化区域,利用Spectral Segmentation光谱分割过滤器剔除无...