计算锚索抗滑桩变形及内力的一种新方法

结合结构力学和弹性地基梁理论,考虑锚索的弹性变形,建立了一种计算锚索抗滑桩变形及内力的新方法。在建立公式时,将抗滑桩从滑面处分为上、下两部分;对嵌固段的桩按弹性地基梁计算,滑面以上的桩用力法计算;利用滑面处的变形协调条件,建立了锚索抗滑桩的计算公式,所得公式可以方便地用于求解锚索的设计拉力、抗滑桩的内力及变形。最后,以某滑坡治理工程为例,计算了锚索拉力及抗滑桩的内力,验证了计算方法的可靠性,并与普通抗滑桩的计算结果进行了对比分析。     

不同布锚方式对锚索抗滑桩受力与变形影响的物理模型试验研究

锚索抗滑桩是滑坡的主要支护结构之一。目前, 软硬相间地层条件下锚索抗滑桩的受力与变形特征尚缺乏系统研究。以软硬相间地层为地质背景, 基于自主研发的柔性测斜仪和自动加载系统, 构建了锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡物理模型试验系统, 开展了锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡的物理模型试验, 揭示了推力不断增加过程中抗滑桩、锚索和滑体的变形与受力特征, 对比研究了布锚方式对桩-锚受力与变形的影响规律, 通过数值模拟的方法分析了软硬相间地层对锚索抗滑桩的影响机理, 并以双锚点抗滑桩为例进行了理论分析。研究结果表明: ①在滑坡-锚索抗滑桩体系中, 桩身各点位移和滑体深部位移均随桩身深度的增加而减小, 滑体后部位移速率大于中部, 且滑体位移速率大于桩身位移速率; ②单锚点抗滑桩的桩-锚推力分担比经历了4个阶段的变化, 趋于稳定时桩-锚推力分担比约为9∶1, 锚索拉力作用下桩身弯矩呈"S"型分布, 正负弯矩非对称; ③锚固角度越大, 锚索拉力的增速越大, 不同锚固角度对桩身内力值的影响主要体现在受荷段; ④多锚点抗滑桩结构的锚索分担更多的推力, 与单锚点抗滑桩相比, 双锚点与三锚点抗滑桩的最大桩身弯矩分别减小了22.41%和40.55%;⑤与均质地层相比, 软硬相间地层中软、硬岩交界面处基岩应力发生突变, 不同软岩厚度比和桩底是否嵌入硬岩, 均对锚索拉力和桩-岩之间的相互作用有不同程度的影响; 其次, 双锚点抗滑桩内力的理论值与试验结果较为接近。本研究成果可为软硬相间地层中锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡工程的优化设计提供依据。      

锚索抗滑桩系统内力变形研究

在对锚索抗滑桩系统内锚索与抗滑桩受力状态综合分析的基础上,认为锚索的拉伸变形对锚索抗滑桩系统的内力及变形存在一定影响,基于锚索与抗滑桩的变形协调原理,提出了锚索拉力及其变形的计算方法,推导了抗滑桩桩身位移和内力的计算公式,并将该方法用于工程实例分析。通过与其他方法比较,说明使用该方法计算锚索抗滑桩的合理性和经济价值,并分析了锚索变形以及拉力大小对锚索抗滑桩系统内力变形的影响,所得结果已得到后期模型试验的数据支持。     

成层土中轴横受荷桩水平响应的非线性解

对于承受轴向荷载的水平受荷桩，以往研究大多基于线弹性或弹塑性水平荷载传递模型。为提升轴横受荷桩的计算设计水平，采用轴向荷载传递法计算桩身轴力，考虑桩身轴力引起的P-Δ效应，基于双曲线型水平荷载传递模型考虑桩-土体系变形的非线性特征，对成层土中轴横受荷桩的水平响应进行分析求解，得到了轴横荷载作用下桩身变形和内力的非线性有限差分解，并采用MATLAB语言编制了计算程序。使用模型试验算例与基于现场试验的有限元算例对非线性解的准确性进行对比验证，结果表明:计算结果与算例数据吻合良好，可靠性较高；采用不同荷载传递模型的计算结果在不同荷载水平下有所差异，在较大荷载水平下桩-土变形的非线性特点不容忽视。      

316国道K25+040～+140段滑坡治理中的抗滑桩结构设计

介绍了316国道K25 040～ 140段滑坡治理工程中的抗滑桩设计过程，讨论了抗滑桩设计中滑推力的计算方法及公式、抗滑桩的结构设计及配筋，将抗滑桩的内力计算简化成较为实用的公式来计算。还介绍了抗滑桩间土体的排水设计，对排水管的具体做法作了详尽地阐述。     

小桩距下的抗滑桩后滑坡推力分布规律分析

从土拱效应出发来阐述抗滑桩桩距与桩土变形机制之间的联系,将桩后水平土拱效应分为４个阶段,根 据各阶段指出压力法中各方法的适用范Χ,楔体滑动法适用于土拱稳定阶段,塑性变形理论法适用于土拱塑性变 形阶段,绕流阻力法适用于土拱破坏阶段.基于小桩距下适用的滑动楔体法,提出考虑竖直方向上的土拱效应、 桩的λ移模式下的极限侧土压力计算的改进方法,并与实测数据进行对比,结果符合其大致变化规律,为桩的内 力验算提供参考.最后,提出“二段式”侧向力分布计算的方法:当滑动面倾角不可忽视,而滑坡体产生桩顶剪出 破坏时,此时滑动楔体法计算的土压力属于抗滑桩的上段,而下段为非极限平衡段,解释了滑坡推力呈“中间大、 两头小”抛物线分布规律的实质,为抗滑桩设计提供理论依据.      

上硬下软地层中h型桩与滑坡相互作用机理模型试验研究

组合式抗滑桩是加固大型滑坡的有效防护措施, 但上硬下软等复合地层中h型抗滑桩的加固机理仍有待深入研究。基于一套自主研发的上硬下软地层滑坡-h型抗滑桩物理模型试验装置, 综合应力应变监测、激光测距仪、高速相机与粒子图像测速(PIV)技术研究了上硬下软地层滑坡中h型桩的位移、内力响应规律与滑体变形破坏特征, 揭示了上硬下软地层条件下h型桩与滑坡相互作用机理。研究结果表明, 在坡顶荷载逐渐增加的条件下, h型桩加固的上硬下软地层滑坡的演化阶段可划分为蠕变阶段、匀速变形阶段、加速变形阶段和破坏阶段4个阶段。受连系梁影响, 前排桩与后排桩桩顶位移较小, 应变最大值出现在靠近滑面深度处; 后排桩弯矩呈"S"型分布, 前排桩弯矩呈三角形分布, 负弯矩最大值位于连系梁下方20 cm处。随着硬岩体积分数(φ_β)增加, 桩顶位移逐渐减小, 前、后排桩最大弯矩值也逐渐减小, 但硬岩体积分数超过60%后最大弯矩值变化幅度较小。当φ_β=20%和40%时, 后排桩土压力总体呈抛物线形式; 当φ_β=60%和80%时, 土压力总体呈反"S"型, 且滑面附近出现第二个土压力峰值; 前排桩土压力分布形式均为抛物线型。试验结果可为组合式抗滑桩加固机理研究和设计提供理论支撑。      

某滑坡稳定分析及处理方案探讨

滑坡属于不良地质现象，是斜坡上的部分岩体和土体在自然或人为因素的影响下沿某一明显的界面发生剪切破坏向坡下运动的现象。当高速公路不得不通过某一滑坡时，对其稳定性进行分析和整治设计就显得尤为重要。以祁临高速公路灵石至霍州段窑深沟大桥东南窑深沟滑坡为实例，根据勘察资料，利用岩土力学知识，在公路修好后并运行的情况下，计算出了其稳定系数和推滑力，又以材料力学、结构力学等力学理论为基础，设计出抗滑桩和锚索抗滑桩等两种整治方案，经验证，效果良好。     

预应力锚索、抗滑桩在边坡治理中的应用

通过对某边坡治理工程的论述,重点对预应力锚索、抗滑桩的设计及施工工艺等进行了探讨,通过实践证明,该技术在边坡治理工程中具有推广和借鉴意义。     

用于混凝土管道结构性修复设计的Χ土荷载模型

混凝土管道在我国排水管网中广泛应用,受管道自身质量、施工质量和外荷载过大等因素的影响常产生 结构性破坏,其中较典型的结构破坏形式之一便是产生纵向裂缝.对混凝土管道进行结构性修复设计时,需要确 定管道破坏时的土荷载,综合考虑管道和土体的相互作用,目前国内外尚无这方面的研究.分析了管道新建、使 用、破坏３个阶段的土荷载变化规律,建立混凝土管道破坏后土荷载模型.建立的模型中管顶土荷载按土柱荷载 计算,管底土荷载按均布荷载计算,管侧荷载等于静止侧向土荷载与三角形分布荷载之和,并根据新建立的模型 计算管壁环向内力系数,为混凝土管道非开挖结构性修复设计提供参考.      

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.     

Limit analysis method for active earth pressure on laggings between stabilizing piles

Stabilizing pile is a kind of earth shoring structure frequently used in slope engineering. When the piles have cantilever segments above the ground, laggings are usually installed to avoid collapse of soil between piles. Evaluating the earth pressure acting on laggings is of great importance in design process. Since laggings are usually less stiff than piles, the lateral pressure on lagging is much closer to active earth pressure. In order to estimate the lateral earth pressure on lagging more accurately, first, a model test of cantilever stabilizing pile and lagging systems was carried out. Then, basing the experimental results, a three-dimensional sliding wedge model was established. Last, the calculation process of the total active force on lagging is presented based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A comparison is made between the total active force on lagging calculated by the formula presented in this study and the force on a same-size rigid retaining wall obtained from Rankine's theory. It is found that the proposed method fits well with the experimental results. Parametric studies show that the total active force on lagging increases with the growth of the lagging height and the lagging clear span; while decreases as the soil internal friction angle and soil cohesion increase.     

断层破碎带条件下组合式圆截面抗滑桩加固边坡效果研究

随着我国公路建设不断向山区深入, 在地质构造复杂区公路边坡遇到断层破碎带的情况日渐增多, 亟需开展阻滑能力强的抗滑桩结构加固边坡研究。传统的人工挖孔桩施工模式存在高风险、低效率等缺点, 而组合式圆截面抗滑桩具有施工效率高、安全便捷等特点, 为此, 探究其对含断层破碎带边坡的加固效果具有现实意义。采用自主设计的边坡物理试验系统, 设计了5种不同破碎带厚度与组合式圆截面抗滑桩组合的物理模型, 采用坡顶逐级加载的方式模拟加载, 监测桩身应变、桩顶位移和桩后土压力, 采用高速相机捕捉滑体变形破坏图像, 并使用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对图像进行处理。研究结果表明: 组合式圆截面抗滑桩通过限制桩后滑体水平位移, 并将滑体限制在前、后排桩间来达到加固边坡的效果; 滑体演化分为变形压密、加速变形和破坏滑移3个阶段; 前、后排桩桩后土压力比值介于1/3~1/2之间; 随断层破碎带厚度增加, 滑体水平滑移速率增大, 组合式圆截面抗滑桩的桩顶位移增大, 桩身最大正弯矩减小。模型试验与数值模拟计算的弯矩及桩顶位移较为吻合, 研究成果可为边坡工程组合式圆截面抗滑桩设计提供一定借鉴与参考。      

秦巴山区软岩地基桥桩承载性状试验研究

为了研究软岩地基桥桩的荷载传递性状、破坏机理,并获取在该地质条件下更为可靠的桩基计算参数,对秦巴山区软岩地基3根钻孔灌注试桩进行竖向静载试验.结果表明:秦巴山区软岩地基桥桩试桩荷载沉降曲线呈陡降型,实测竖向极限承载力为20500kN,桩的破坏方式为桩身材料强度破坏;淤泥质亚黏土地层中的碎石起到一定的骨架作用,增强了此地层桩极限侧阻力,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土(岩)相对位移为4~8mm;强风化砾岩表现为加工软化型,发挥极限侧阻力所需的桩土(岩)相对位移为3~8mm;中风化砂砾岩表现为明显的加工硬化型,所需的桩岩相对位移大,且桩极限侧阻力的特征点不明显;淤泥质亚黏土地层桩侧阻力占总荷载的60%~70%,随着桩顶荷载的逐步加大,该地层桩侧阻力所占比例不断下降,而嵌岩段桩侧阻力所占比例逐渐上升,达到55%~65%,嵌岩段桩侧阻力沿桩深的分布曲线表现出非线性的特征;试桩为端承摩擦桩,桩端阻力约占桩顶荷载的20%左右,且未充分发挥,在上部结构允许的沉降范围内,适当增加桩端的沉降有利于端阻力的发挥;桩侧阻力先于端阻力发挥,建议单桩承载力设计时分别采用不同的端阻力和侧阻力安全系数.     

A theoretical analysis of the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups

This paper aims to present a theoretical method to study the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups. The interactions between group piles result in different bearing performance of both a single pile and pile groups. Considering the pile group effect and the skin friction from both outer and inner soils, an analytical solution is developed to calculate the settlement and axial force in large-diameter pipe pile groups. The analytical solution was verified by centrifuge and field testing results. An extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the bearing performance of the pipe pile groups. The results reveal that the axial forces in group piles are not the same. The larger the distance from central pile, the larger the axial force. The axial force in the central pile is the smallest, while that in corner piles is the largest. The axial force on the top of the corner piles decreases while that in the central pile increases with increasing of pile spacing and decreasing of pile length. The axial force in side piles varies little with the variations of pile spacing, pile length, and shear modulus of the soil and is approximately equal to the average load shared by one pile. For a pile group, the larger the pile length is, the larger the influence radius is. As a result, the pile group effect is more apparent for a larger pile length. The settlement of pile groups decreases with increasing of the pile number in the group and the shear modulus of the underlying soil.     

基于物理模型试验的滑坡-抗滑桩位移场变化特征

滑坡-抗滑桩体系演化机理是滑坡灾害防治的重要理论基础,其中桩土相互作用是滑坡-抗滑桩体系中的关键,而位移场是相互作用的重要表征之一,因此,对滑坡-抗滑桩体系位移场的研究具有十分重要的工程意义。以物理模型试验为手段,基于三峡库区堆积层滑坡工程地质特征,建立大型物理试验模型,通过逐级施加荷载来模拟滑坡后缘推力,采用高速摄像机及粒子图像测速技术等获取滑坡坡表与桩顶位移数据,定量分析了体系位移场变化特征。试验结果显示:在滑坡-抗滑桩体系演化过程中,坡表位移场变化呈现出很好的规律性,这为桩土相互作用研究机理起到了一定的推动作用。      

Effectiveness of Fiber Bragg Grating monitoring in the centrifugal model test of soil slope under rainfall conditions

Centrifugal model tests are playing an increasingly important role in investigating slope characteristics under rainfall conditions. However, conventional electronic transducers usually fail during centrifugal model tests because of the impacts of limited test space, high centrifugal force, and presence of water, with the result that limited valid data is obtained. In this study, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology is employed in the design and development of displacement gauge, an anchor force gauge and an anti-slide pile moment gauge for use on centrifugal model slopes with and without a retaining structure. The two model slopes were installed and monitored at a centrifugal acceleration of 100 g. The test results show that the sensors developed succeed in capturing the deformation and retaining structure mechanical response of the model slopes during and after rainfall. The deformation curve for the slope without retaining structure shows a steep response that turns gradual for the slope with retaining structure. Importantly, for the slope with the retaining structure, results suggest that more attention be paid to increase of anchor force and anti-slide pile moment during rainfall. This study verifies the effectiveness of FBG sensing technology in centrifuge research and presents a new and innovative method for slope model testing under rainfall conditions.