南海北部大陆边缘琼东南盆地含油气系统

以含油气系统理论为指导,从区域地质及沉积特征、烃源岩生排烃史、油气运移输导系统、油气形成与圈闭配置关系及油气运聚成藏组合模式等方面,对南海北部大陆边缘琼东南盆地不同含油气系统进行综合分析,划分圈定了北部浅水区含油气系统、中央坳陷带深水区含油气系统及南部深水区含油气系统,并进一步划分出13个亚含油气系统。由于不同含油气系统及亚含油气系统均存在明显差异,所以重点剖析了含油气系统中生烃子系统、油气运移输导子系统及油气运聚成藏子系统构成及其特点。结果表明:琼东南盆地生烃子系统主要由始新统中深湖相及渐新统煤系烃源岩之生烃灶所构成;油气输导子系统则主要由断裂及裂隙和连续性砂体、不整合、泥底辟、气烟囱等输导体系所构成,控制和制约了油气运聚的主要优势富集区;油气运聚成藏子系统以垂向和侧向运移方式为主,通过输导体系近源或远距离运聚,在圈闭及储盖组合条件极佳的优势区富集成藏。     

英台断陷火山岩气藏特征及有利区预测

基于英台断陷深部火山岩气藏的烃源岩及储层特征,分析火山岩气藏源/储品质、耦合关系、输导体系和气藏特征等,研究成藏主控因素和成藏规律,预测研究区天然气勘探有利区.结果表明,英台断陷火山岩气藏存在下生上储和侧生侧储两种类型,其中下生上储型主要发育于大屯地区,主要以断裂为输导通道沟通沙河子组源岩,沟通源储的断裂控制气藏的分布;侧生侧储型主要发育于五棵树地区,成藏的关键在于火山岩储层能否在侧向上与营城组二段有效烃源岩直接相连,对接面处易于气藏的形成,且气藏规模大、丰度高,随着天然气运移距离的增加,气藏规模和丰度逐渐降低.该成果有助于认识英台断陷火山岩气藏及剩余资源的分布,确定勘探有利区.     

南堡凹陷天然气成藏模式及其主控因素

为研究南堡凹陷天然气成藏分布规律,在天然气藏类型及分布特征研究的基础上,分析天然气分布与成藏条件之间空间匹配关系,研究南堡凹陷天然气成藏模式及其主控因素.结果表明:南堡凹陷天然气存在4种成藏模式:源内断裂输导中—浅层断层圈闭天然气成藏模式,天然气聚集层位受输导断裂与馆陶组三段火山岩盖层配置和储层发育共同控制;源内断裂输导中—深层断层圈闭天然气成藏模式,天然气聚集层位受输导断裂与东营组二段泥岩盖层配置控制;源内断裂输导深—浅层断层圈闭天然气成藏模式,天然气聚集层位受储层发育和源岩供给程度共同控制;源外边部断裂输导深层断层圈闭天然气成藏模式,天然气聚集层位受储层发育和源岩供给程度共同控制.该结论对指导南堡凹陷天然气勘探具有指导意义.     

西湖凹陷中央构造带中南部油气成藏条件、特征及富集规律

基于大量钻测资料、油气地球化学特征和流体包裹体测试分析,从烃源岩、储集层、盖层、圈闭等成藏要素及其时空匹配等对西湖凹陷中央构造带中南部纵向地层油气成藏条件、特征及富集规律进行了研究。源岩方面,平湖组煤系源岩为主要烃源岩,还原-弱还原和水动力较弱的沉积环境使源岩有机质得到很好保存;储集层方面,常规油气藏储层物性好,主要孔隙类型为原生孔和次生孔,下部低渗近致密-致密砂岩气藏物性较差,局部发育的“甜点”是有利储集体;盖层方面,花上段发育的区域盖层对花港组油气起到了较好的封闭,花下段和平湖组近致密-致密砂岩气除了常规泥岩盖层封闭外,还有致密砂岩物性封闭、气毛细管封闭和超压增压封闭;圈闭方面,花上段油气聚集在挤压反转型背斜圈闭中,而花下段、平湖组油气则聚集在非常规岩性圈闭或与构造叠加的复合圈闭中;成藏要素匹配方面,两者油气充注期与生储盖等成藏条件及其时空上都表现出有利匹配。两类油气藏的富集规律存在差异,断裂输导体系、圈闭条件和保存条件控制着花上段常规油气富集,源岩有机质丰度和物性控制平湖组近致密-致密砂岩油气富集,构造反转和断裂可能也对致密气也存在一定控制作用。      

缅甸安达曼海弧后坳陷天然气成藏要素及成藏模式

缅甸安达曼海已成为中国石油企业的重要海外探区之一。受印度板块向欧亚板块和西缅甸微地块多期斜向俯冲的影响,该区先后经历了被动陆缘、过渡型陆缘及主动陆缘的演化阶段,盆地属性与油气成藏特征极为复杂。通过系统梳理安达曼海弧后坳陷的烃源岩、储盖层、圈闭、输导体系与油气生-运-聚匹配史等成藏要素,总结出该区油气成藏主控因素。结果表明:本区发育渐新统—下中新统、中中新统与上新统3套泥质烃源岩,前二者为成熟烃源岩,后者为生物气源岩;岛弧带上碳酸盐岩礁体与斜坡带上砂体的储集条件良好;斜坡带继承性古隆起之上的断背斜圈闭容积大;高角度张性断裂与连通性砂体分别构成以垂向、侧向为主的输导体系。结合油气成因、运移方式与圈闭类型的主要特征,建立了2种成藏模式:①中央凹陷带浅层生物气或混源气垂向运移断块圈闭成藏模式;②东部斜坡带、西部斜坡和岛弧带热解气侧向运移断背斜-岩性圈闭成藏模式。西部斜坡及岛弧带上的碳酸盐岩礁体和东部斜坡带继承性古隆起之上的大型断背斜是有利勘探目标。     

低凸起带油气充注机理及运聚模式:以济阳坳陷林樊家低凸起带为例

断陷盆地低凸起带具有远离油源,油气富集层系浅的特点,其油气充注机理及运聚模式研究还较薄弱。以济阳坳陷林樊家低凸起带为例,从油气来源入手,分析了油气成藏动力与阻力的关系,探讨了低凸起带油气充注方式和运聚模式。结果表明:林樊家低凸起带原油具有高伽马蜡烷/C30霍烷值、低姥植比的特点,来源于利津洼陷沙四上亚段烃源;在成藏地质背景分析的基础上,结合成藏动力-阻力计算结果,确定了林樊家低凸起带油气主要为"断层双重输导-多层系充注-不整合面分流"的充注方式;根据断层在活动时期和静止时期输导方式及输导能力的差异,结合圈闭发育情况,林樊家低凸起带油气成藏可总结为"断层垂向输导-岩性尖灭控圈"、"断层侧向输导-‘天窗’开启-岩性尖灭控圈"、"断层侧向输导-不整合面遮挡"、"断层侧向输导-岩性尖灭控圈"等4种成藏模式。     

乍得Bongor盆地构造反转的油气地质意义

分析总结了乍得Bongor盆地的构造反转特征,着重研究了其对源岩生烃与排烃、储层成岩、圈闭形成及保存、油气运移
等成藏要素的影响,进而探讨了盆地油气成藏特征和资源潜力。结果表明,Bongor盆地的构造反转以地层大幅抬升剥蚀和残余地
层强烈褶皱变形为主要响应特征,造成了烃源岩生烃、排烃过程停滞,浅部油藏的破坏。同时,盆地本身的热结构、热演化在一定
程度上减弱了这种破坏作用,使得烃源岩在构造反转结束以后仍保留有较好的生烃潜力。地层抬升剥蚀使得储层压实-胶结等
成岩作用减弱,溶蚀淋滤作用增强,深部储层得以保存;残余地层的褶皱变形形成了大量的反转构造,为油气最终运聚-成藏提供
了储集空间。      

大面积连续分布是页岩层系油气的标志特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例

非常规页岩层系油气资源大面积连续分布,是未来全球油气供应的重要接替领域。提出了页岩层系油气的地质内涵,即烃源层系生成、滞留或就近聚集在生烃层系内部或紧邻生烃层系的致密储集层中,利用新技术可实现工业开采的连续分布油气资源,包括源储一体型和源储紧邻型两种资源类型。鄂尔多斯盆地是致密油气、页岩油气等非常规页岩层系油气资源的有利发育区,中生界三叠系延长组、上古生界石炭系—二叠系源储接触面积大,页岩油气、致密油气主要在源内或近源大面积连续分布,具有"普遍含油气、储层致密、低压、低丰度"的典型地质特征,具有稳定平缓的构造面貌、较高成熟源岩广布式生排烃和大面积致密储层叠置分布的有利成藏地质背景,致密油气"甜点区(段)"主要受生烃中心和厚层砂岩分布共同控制,页岩油气"甜点区(段)"主要受富有机质页岩规模、热演化程度、天然裂缝等共同控制。随着页岩层系油气的深入勘探开发,以大面积连续分布为标志特征的页岩层系油气地质理论将深入发展,成为石油天然气地质学的下一次大飞跃。     

川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩气藏源储特征及成藏模式

川西坳陷须家河组致密气藏已成为拓展油气勘探、发现新储量的重要领域,致密气藏发育特征及其成藏机理成为目前亟需解决的关键科学问题之一。运用地球化学、地球物理和沉积学等分析方法,对须三段源储特征及成藏模式进行了系统分析,对高效烃源岩和优质储层进行了判别和预测,厘定了致密气藏成藏期次和成藏模式。得出以下结论:①须三段发育成熟-高成熟湖相烃源岩,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,局部偶见Ⅱ₂型干酪根。发育于须三下亚段最大湖泛面附近,泥页岩体积分数在65%以上或者单层厚度较大、且1.50% ≤ w（TOC）≤ 10%时,属于高效烃源岩。②基于砂岩粒度中值识别出4期（S1,S2,S3和S4）优质储层,都属于低孔低渗-特低孔特低渗致密储层,中砂-细砂,粒度分布范围为0.5~0.062 5 mm,厚度一般5~10 m。主要发育于三角洲前缘和前三角洲。③烃源岩生排烃时间持续较长,中侏罗世开始生烃,一直持续至晚白垩世;从晚侏罗世开始排烃,早白垩世达到高峰。优质储层经历早期天然气持续充注和晚期凝析气充注,天然气充注时间要早于凝析气充注时间。形成了"断层垂向输导,先聚集后致密,晚期改造调整"的致密气藏成藏模式。      

伊拉克中部油区油气成藏要素特征及成藏模式

美索不达米亚盆地是全球油气最富集的盆地之一，研究区位于该前陆盆地的斜坡带，其地质认识程度低，对油气成藏的研究不系统。基于地震剖面和烃源岩热解数据，较为系统地研究了伊拉克中部油区油气成藏要素。研究表 明，该区正断层未断穿新生代地层，断裂活动中部最强，北 部 较 弱，南 部 最 弱；褶皱活动中部最强，南 部 稍弱，北部最弱。早白垩世－中白垩世期间，研究区处于弱伸展构造环境；晚 白 垩 世 Ｈａｒｔｈａ组 沉积 时 期，断 层 发 生正反转，研究区处于弱挤压构造环境；晚白垩世末到始新世，研究区处于弱伸展构造环境；渐新世，褶皱作用开始；中新世，构造格局基本定型。上白垩统 Ｋｈａｓｉｂ组－Ｈａｒｔｈａ组砂屑灰岩和下白垩统Ｚｕｂａｉｒ组砂岩是研究区主要储层。主力烃源岩为中侏罗统Ｓａｒｇｅｌｕ组和上侏罗统－下 白 垩 统 Ｃｈｉａｇａｒａ组，次要烃源岩为下白垩统 Ｒａｔａｗｉ组 和Ｚｕｂａｉｒ组。综合分析认为:与油源断裂紧临的背斜圈闭是研究区最有利的油气聚集场所。侏罗系顶部发育良好的盖层，可为下伏主力烃源岩排出烃类的成藏提供良好的封盖条件，推 测 中 － 下侏罗统具有较大的油气勘探潜力。      

Gas accumulation mechanism in Denglouku Formation of Changling fault depression,southern Songliao Basin,China

The Changling gas field is occurs in tight sandstone reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Denglouku Formation in the Changling fault depression , southern Songliao Basin , China, which constitutes a new gas-pro-ducing area in the depression .Using information on the source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage of the Denglouku Formation, fault activity, and single well burial history of well CS 1, together with data on reservoir fluid inclu-sion and laser Raman spectroscopy , we described the formation of the Changling gas field and determine that this fault depression did not possess suitable conditions for hydrocarbon generation .Coal-derived methane gen-erated from underlying hydrocarbon source rock accumulated in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation .At the end of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Stage , underwater volcanic eruptions occurred in the northern part of the Changling gas field near Qian'an, resulting in the reactivation of deep faults .Mantle-sourced inorganic CO2 migrated along faults to hydrocarbon gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation ;Mean-while, displaced methane ( hydrocarbon gas ) migrated upward to sand reservoirs of the Denglouku Formation . The methane accumulated and formed secondary gas reservoirs ,Therefore fault activity was the main factor con-trolling the generation of gas reservoirs in the Denglouku Formation .The main accumulation period of the Yingcheng hydrocarbon gas reservoirs was 82 Ma.Whereas gas reservoir formation in the overlying Denglongku Formation was 79 Ma, slightly later than the time of formation of the Yingcheng gas reservoir in CS 1 well area. At 79 Ma, the burial depth of the Denglouku Formation was 1800-2000 m, the diagenesis is relatively weak and the physical properties of the reservoir are relatively favorable for accumulation .This period is not only at gas generation peak time of three sets of source rock but also at the reactivation of deep faults during the forma -tion of fault-bound depressions , thereby providing favorable conditions for the migration and accumulation of methane .     

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育主控因素及模式

中新统海相烃源岩是中国近海莺歌海盆地主要油气供给层段，也是我国新生代海相烃源岩的典型代表。综合利用地质、地球化学和古生物等资料，在烃源岩有机地球化学特征分析的基础上，探讨了莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育的主控因素，并建立了相应的形成模式。结果表明，莺歌海盆地发育中等-好级别的中新统海相烃源岩，并具有较强的横向与纵向非均质性；中新统海相烃源岩受古气候、古生产力、水介质条件、沉积速率及海平面变化等因素的综合影响，发育以莺东斜坡带梅山组、三亚组为代表的海相陆源型和以东方区、乐东区梅山组为代表的海相内源型2种模式，其中以海相内源型烃源岩生烃条件最为优越。      

东海盆地西湖凹陷武云亭构造油气来源与成藏模式

近年来，东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带武云亭构造油气勘探获得了较好的商业发现，但已钻探的A井与B井流体性质差异较大，A井为气井、B井为油井。通过生物标志化合物对比、碳同位素分析及流体包裹体分析，对武云亭构造油气来源、充注期次及成藏模式进行了分析，结果表明武云亭构造油为正常成熟原油，主要来源于本地宁波19洼平湖组煤系烃源岩；天然气有两种，一种为高成熟天然气，主要来源于东侧主洼宁波27洼平湖组烃源岩，另一种为正常成熟天然气，主要来源于本地次洼宁波19洼烃源岩。包裹体荧光呈现为淡黄色油气包裹体和无色气包裹体，均一温度表明武云亭构造主要经历两期油气充注，时间为2 Ma和现今。武云亭构造油气来源丰富，成藏过程复杂，基于油气来源及成藏特征划分为"双源侧向晚期次生型"和"单源垂向晚期原生型"两种成藏模式。      

Accumulation model and prediction of Miocene heavy oil distribution in Gulf of Suez Basin,Egypt

The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin.     

对渭河盆地新生界及其年代的讨论

秦岭造山带北缘的渭河盆地，新生界十分发育．前人建立了盆地地层系统．随着地质成果的不断积累，原有的地层系统需要重新整理。在前人工作基础上，根据新的全球变化研究资料和数据，对渭河盆地新生界部分地层的年代做了重新认识。认为红河组形成于古近纪中始新世-晚始新世；白鹿塬组形成于古近纪晚始新世-早渐新世；冷水沟组形成于新近纪中新世早期；寇家村组形成于新近纪中新世中期；灞河组形成于新近纪中新世晚期。蓝田组和游河组不存在层位上下关系，它们可能是地史时期形成的同期异相沉积；三门组的上界年代在不同的地区各不相同，表明古三门湖的消亡时代不同的地区存有差异。蓝田组和游河组形成时期，研究区地形地貌发生分异，表现为地形凸起和凹陷并存，凸起堆积风成沉积，凹陷接受湖泊沉积，这一地貌格局很可能自7．3Ma B．P．以来，一直持续到0．15Ma B．P．，黄土高原的风尘堆积与古三门湖并存的地貌格局是新近纪晚中新世最晚期至0．15Ma B．P．以来研究区重要的地质事件之一，它是当时研究区区域构造运动作用的结果。     

海塔盆地中部断陷带反转构造特征及其对油气的控制

为研究海塔盆地中部断陷带反转构造的类型、分布、形成机制、与油气藏的关系及成藏模式和控藏特征,分析地震、油气藏开发及地球化学等资料.结果表明:伊敏组晚期,海塔盆地中部断陷带在近东西向压扭应力场作用下发生大规模反转,形成断层型、褶皱型和混合型3类5个亚类反转构造,并与上部含油气系统的大二段次生油气藏具有良好耦合关系.大二段次生油气藏为反转期原生油气藏沿主干反转断裂向上调整形成,以南一中段及下段烃源岩形成的原生油气藏为源,以大二段砂岩为储层,以伊敏组泥岩为盖层,以主反转断层为疏导为成藏模式;该次生油气藏的形成与反转程度密切相关,主要形成于反转程度较弱的塔南凹陷隐伏断展型反转构造发育的区域,北北东向的隐伏断展型反转构造圈闭是寻找该类次生油气藏的首选目标.     

辽河盆地东部凸起太原组页岩气聚集条件及有利区预测

从辽河盆地东部凸起太原组泥页岩发育的沉积背景、地球化学条件、储集物性及含气性等方面分析页岩气聚集的基础条件,采用多信息叠合法对该区太原组页岩气富集有利区进行预测.结果表明:太原组地层发育潮坪、沼泽及泻湖相,富有机质暗色泥页岩、碳质泥页岩,单层厚度大,分布面积广,连续性好,有机碳平均质量分数为3.3%,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主的混合型,生烃潜力较大,热演化程度高,处于大量生气的阶段;泥页岩脆性较好,孔隙和裂缝发育,含气性好,具备页岩气聚集的地质、地球化学条件及储集物性条件,有利于页岩气的生成、富集及后期储层改造.根据页岩气富集的多种因素分析结果,认为王家南部地区页岩气聚集条件和储集性能较优越,是辽河盆地东部凸起太原组页岩气勘探开发的有利区域.     

Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

Wangjiatun gas pool is located at the north part of Xujiaweizi in Songliao basin. Commercial gas flow has been found in the intermediate and acid volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous, which makes a breakthrough in deep nature gas prospecting in Songliao basin. The deep natural gas entrapment regularity is discussed in the paper by the study of deep strata, structure and reservoir. Andesite, rhyolite and little pyroclastic rock are the main reservoirs. There are two types of volcanic reservoir space assemblage in this area: the pore and fissure and the pure fissure. Changes had taken place for volcanic reservoir space during long geologic time, which was controlled by tectonic movement and geologic environment.The developed degree of reservoir space was controlled by tectonic movement, weathering and filtering, corrosion and Filling. There are three types of source- reservoir-caprock assemblage in this area: lower source- upper reservoir model,upper source - lower reservoir model and lateral change model. Mudstone in Dengluoku formation and the compacted volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous are the caprock for deep gas reservoirs. Dark mudstone of deep lacustrine facies in Shahezi formation and lower part of Dengluoku formation are the source rock of deep gas. It can be concluded that deep gas pools are mainly volcanic lithologic reservoirs.