北秦岭造山带榴辉岩及相关岩石的地球化学特征

本文介绍了新近在北秦岭造山带中发现的高压－－超高压变质带和松树沟高压变质带代表性变质岩的化学成分，微量元素和稀土元素特征。这些高压、超高压变质岩的原岩多为基性火成岩。产在北秦岭造山带中的高压－超高压变质岩的地球化学特征与东部产在南秦岭造山带的同类岩石有许多相似之处，推测秦岭－－大别造山带从南到北是在同一个岩石圈上演化来的，不是不同地块拼接成的。     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

赣杭地区中生代两类不同成因火山－侵入杂岩的对比研究

通过岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学及微量元素、稀土元素和同位素地球化学等方面的研究和对比，首次提出并系统论证了赣杭地区中生代Ｉ型和Ｓ型两类不同成因火山－侵入杂岩的存在。Ｉ型火山侵入杂岩分布于江南元古宙岛弧之上，Ｓ型火山－侵入杂岩则分布于江南元古宙岛弧与华南加里东造山带间拼接带的华南加里东造山带一侧，Ｓ型火山－侵入杂岩中过Ａｌ副矿物的出现、岩石化学上Ａｌ过饱和以及较高的８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ初始比值（０．７１１０－０．７１３９）和低的εＮｄ（ｔ）值（－７．５－－９．４）等特征表明，它们是由富含沉积物的大陆地壳经部分熔融的产物。Ｉ型火山－侵入杂岩在上述诸方面均与Ｓ型火山－侵入杂岩呈鲜明对比，表明在它们的形成过程中有新生幔源物质的加入。此外，还对本区Ｓ型火山－侵入杂岩形成的构造－岩浆作用模式进行了讨论，提出它们的形成可能与江南元古宙岛弧在印支－燕山早期向南东方向朝华南加里东造山带之下俯冲有关的看法。     

豫西满子营花岗岩体地球化学、年代学研究及其地质意义

豫陕交界处的东秦岭是秦岭造山带最为复杂的地带,它经历了新元古代、加里东-海西和印支期强烈构造热事件的改造和造山作用,并在北秦岭造山带留下了很好的物质记录,特别是侵入于这些变质杂岩中的不同时期、不同成因类型的花岗岩体代表了秦岭造山带不同构造演化阶段和造山作用的产物,对它们的研究可以有效反演和限定秦岭造山带不同时期的构造演化和动力学过程.     

秦岭杂岩中侵入体的地球化学及年代学特征

正秦岭造山带由华北板块和扬子板块及其间的微板块经过多期次不同构造运动叠加复合形成,是我国中央造山带的重要组成部分,其形成和演化过程记录了华北板块和扬子板块元古代俯冲消减、古生代弧-陆碰撞和早中生代的陆内造山运动的重要信息(Meng Qingren et al., 2000)。秦岭杂岩(原秦岭岩群)作为秦岭造山带最古老的前寒武纪结晶基底,是研究秦岭造山带构造演化的重要窗口。前人对侵入其中的小型岩体、岩脉研究较少。本次研究     

高压基性麻粒岩与榴辉岩的抬升转换作用：信阳超镁 …

通过对华北地志与秦岭－大别造山带结合部位豫南信阳北超基性火山角砾岩管中基性麻粒岩、榴辉岩和石榴石辉岩捕虏体的岩相学、矿物化学成分的初步研究和对比,发现这些基性岩石捕虏体中大多存在着因抬升降压而发生的转换反应作用。这些转换反应可能与华北地块和秦岭－大别造山带相互作用过程中的抬升过程有关。     

北秦岭商南花岗岩体地质特征及其成因类型

商南花岗岩体位于北秦岭造山带商丹断裂北侧，主体侵位于古元古代秦岭岩群变质杂岩中，属于新元古代花岗岩类，已获单颗粒锆石蒸发Ｐｈ－Ｐｈ年龄８８９±２２Ｍａ．岩石类型包括：英云间长岩、花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩，以花岗间长岩为主体．岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明，商南岩体的主要岩石类型存在着明显的岩石成分演化关系，并具有Ｉ型和Ｓ型花岗岩的双重特征，以Ｉ型为主，属于Ｃａｓｔｒｏ等的Ｈ型花岗岩，成岩物质来源于壳幔混合源．     

陕西八卦庙金矿微量元素特征及成因

八卦庙金矿床是秦岭造山带的一种与深源热水喷流,岩浆热流体有关的中温热液矿床。本文系统总结了该矿床的微量元素地球化学特征,对矿石,钠长岩,钠长板岩,层间石英脉,节理石英脉和岩脉等能反映成矿流体作用痕迹的岩石进行微量元素测试,作相关分析。     

东秦岭邓县—南漳反射地震剖面及其构造意义

邓县－南漳剖面叶是－邓县剖面南延部分，其反射地震剖面的测定使得从中朝克拉通到扬子克拉通横穿秦岭造山带的一条反射地震剖面得以完成。邓县－南漳反射地震剖面清楚显示了扬子克拉通地壳俯冲到秦岭造山带之下的客观事实，证明襄樊－广济断裂带（即北大别山－大巴山前缘断裂带）并不是一和板块缝合带，而是一条大陆壳俯冲断裂带，扬子克拉通的大陆地壳沿大约20km深的上地壳底面向秦岭造山带之下俯冲。     

南秦岭古生代硅质岩建造矿物微组构微成分特征及其地质地球化学意义

<正>秦岭造山带是中国重要的地理及地质分界带,可划分为华北板块南部、秦岭微板块和扬子板块北缘三大陆壳单元,分别由商丹断裂带和勉略断裂带分割,研究区南秦岭造山带属于秦岭微板块。秦岭造山带作为特提斯演化的重要组成部分,记录了华北陆块与杨子陆块的拼合碰撞造山过程,其中,古生代是秦岭造山带形成与演化的主造山带时期,秦岭造山带处于以现代板块构造体制为基本特征的板块构造演化阶段,广泛发育从裂谷型火山建造演化为两类古大陆边缘沉积和裂陷沉积(张国伟等,1997)。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

On the Validity of the Boussinesq Approximation for the Elder Problem

The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly

 Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing, heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure, whey, brewers' yeast) require further research. Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997