山东省东部地区土壤地球化学特征及污染评价

以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查取得的区域土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了区内54种元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全国土壤的差异。通过对比区内土壤基准值与背景值的变化,认为本区大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了成土母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,Zn、Pb、Cu、Se、Cd、S、P、Hg、N、OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,其分布分配特征产生明显变化。本文通过对表层和深层土壤元素相关系数的研究,认为深层土壤元素地球化学含量可表征表层土壤原始沉积的地球化学含量;讨论了人为活动导致土壤污染的评价方法,莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Se、S等元素污染严重。地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成环境中有害元素含量较高的主要原因。     

山东省平阴县土壤地球化学元素含量特征与污染评价

调查按1km~2采1件表层样,4km~2组合成分析样,4km~2采1件深层样,16km~2组合成分析样,测试Ag,As,B等54项指标;研究土壤地球化学参数特征,探讨元素的丰缺及其对环境的影响,选择重金属和有害元素采用内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤污染现状进行评价;认为区内大部分指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,但C,Cd,Cl,Hg,P,N,S,Se,Corg等指标在表层土壤中已明显富集,部分地段土壤出现中度以上污染,表明人类活动等因素已对这些指标的分布分配产生了影响。     

滁州地区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

基于滁州地区多目标区域地球化学调查数据资料,统计获得了表、深层土壤地球化学基准值、背景值及相关的地球化学参数。研究表明：成土母质类型对土壤元素地球化学基准值影响显著,表层土壤元素含量相对于深层土壤既有继承性,又有差异性。在不同的土壤层的一些元素含量明显不同。土壤的形成过程和人类活动已经对土壤中元素含量的分布有显著的影响。因此,土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究中应多考虑地质背景、物质来源等因素的影响,     

平阴县土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

平阴县土壤地球化学调查是按每1km^2采集1件表层样,4km^2组合成1件分析样,每4km2采集1件深层样,16km^2组合成1件分析样,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B,Ba,Be,Bi,Br,C,Cd,Ce,C1,Co,Cr,Cu,F等54元素或指标;统计了这些元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值与背景值等参数;研究了区内土壤地球化学基准值、背景值与全国、黄河下游流域土壤及平原区、丘陵区土壤的差异;对比区内土壤地球化学基准值与背景值变化,认为区内大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,但C,Cd,C1,Hg,P,N,S,Se,Corg等元素或指标在表层土壤中已明显富集,表明表生作用和人类活动等因素已对这些元素或指标的含量变化与分布分配产生明显影响。     

冀东表层土壤中镉的环境地球化学基线

以土壤环境地球化学研究为主线,以冀东地区13 472 km2为研究区域,将土壤重金属污染元素镉的空间分布规律与环境地球化学机理研究相结合,建立区域土壤环境地球化学基线,选用合适的判别指标判识自然作用过程与人类活动过程对土壤环境的影响。通过对3 287个样品的镉含量的统计分析,结果表明,冀东地区表层土壤中镉的基线值为0.073 mg/kg,镉元素含量大于0.230 mg/kg的样品可能遭受人为污染的影响。地质累积指数分析结果显示,冀东地区49.0%的表层土壤未受镉污染,47.6%的表层土壤在无污染与中度污染之间,2.1%受中度污染,1.2%的表层土壤介于中度污染到强污染之间,只有1%受强污染。污染程度指数分析则显示,冀东地区94.5%的表层土壤未受到镉污染,98.8%的表层土壤污染程度小于2,总污染程度小于0,即总体未受到污染。     

土壤表层与深层元素含量比值系数研究

通过研究元素含量在土壤表层和深层的比值,可以了解土壤表层元素含量的富集特征、成因和对环境的影响.将土壤中部分元素表层含量与深层含量进行了对比,统计、研究了比值系数及其分布特征,并对元素Cd区域性富集特征进行了探讨.指出成土母岩、元素化学特性、pH值、人类活动等对土壤中元素含量的富集具有重要的影响作用,应以地质、地球化学、人类活动等综合因素来研究土壤中元素含量的变化.     

安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

基于安徽省江淮流域多目标区域地球化学调查数据资料,统计获得了表层和深层土壤地球化学基准值、背景值及相应的地球化学参数,为研究区生态环境评价及相关学科研究提供了基础。研究表明,成土母质类型对土壤元素地球化学基准值影响显著,表层土壤化学组成表现出既对深层土壤具有一定的继承性,又在表生作用下发生某些变化:表层土壤中迁移活动性强的元素和人为扰动污染的元素明显不同于深层土壤;随着地理空间位置的变化,同类成土母质形成环境、成因来源的差异导致其化学组成的空间变异,造成不同地区同类成土母质地球化学基准值有所不同。因此,土壤地球化学基准值研究应更多地考虑地质背景、物质来源等因素的影响。     

上海崇明岛表层土壤重金属元素分布特征与环境地球化学基线值研究

对上海崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明崇明岛表层土壤未受人为污染。运用标准化方法计算了崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线值,建立了元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线模型,确定其环境地球化学基线值分别为0.19、71.97、31.32、24.79、86.43、8.34μg/g。与上海市土壤背景值进行了对比检验,结果显示,标准化方法能有效计算土壤中元素的环境地球化学基线,获得的基线符合其定义和实际意义,为区域经济发展规划和环境评价提供了实用的基础地球化学信息。     

秀山-酉阳地区土壤环境地球化学特征

基于重庆秀山县、酉阳县土壤地球化学调查数据,对深、表层土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8个重金属元素的分布特征,土壤的酸碱度、母岩对土壤地球化学特征的影响等进行了分析。结果表明,不同类型土壤中各元素富集特征不同;表、深层土壤均以酸性为主,土壤酸碱度影响重金属的空间富集与贫化特征,适当提高土壤pH值使其呈弱酸性或弱碱性是降低重金属污染的一项有效措施。通过分析,将研究区土壤环境背景分为三类,其中,重金属元素高背景区空间分布的非自然源特征明显,主要为人类活动形成的点状或面状异常,是该区生态环境面临的主要问题。     

济南市土壤元素地球化学特征及环境质量

以济南市土壤为研究对象,采用R-2.6.1程序、半方差函数模型和因子分析法对区内土壤元素含量统计特征、结构特征和分布特征进行了分析研究,并对土壤环境质量进行评价。结果表明:研究区土壤中多数元素含量总体受自然空间格局控制,但人类活动对市区土壤Cd、Hg、Pb、Se、As、p H值等元素(指标)含量有明显影响,表层土壤p H值呈现从外围向市区中心增加的碱化趋势;盛行风向对表层土壤重金属的分布叠加也产生影响,沿顺风向产生漂移。受人类活动(主要为工业污染)历史长短及强度的不同,济南市区、历城区和章丘市总体为轻度污染,局部存在Hg、Cu、Cr、Cd等中度或重度污染,污染区分布与各类工业空间布局相吻合,而长清、济阳土壤环境质量较好,总体属警戒限级。按土壤综合污染指数排序,土壤综合环境质量从优到劣为济阳长清章丘历城市区。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with