利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区深部结构特征

利用三河—平谷8.0级大震区实施的深地震反射剖面与宽角反射剖面探测方法获得的结果进行了综合研究和解释. 结果表明：两种探测方法给出的地壳基本分层是一致的,在三河—平谷大震区上地壳的埋深为21～23km,莫霍界面的深度为36～37km;该地区基底结构起伏变化较大,浅部断裂发育,在确定的数条断裂构造带中夏垫断裂是一条特征明显、深浅共存的断裂构造带;震源区周围差异明显的速度异常结构和特殊而复杂的地质构造环境意味着这些部位是发生大地震的有利部位;该地区莫霍界面起伏变化和较厚的反射叠层以及局部复杂的楔形反射带的存在等现象表明,该地区地壳结构发生过强烈的挤压、变形,同时也反映出岩浆活动对下地壳结构进行了物质的和结构的强烈改造,从而构成了该地区复杂的地壳深部结构,可将其视为三河—平谷8.0级大地震孕育和发生的深部要素.     

新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨

１９９７年１月２１日至４月１６日（北京时间）新疆伽师地区连续发生了７次６级以上 强烈地震．为了深入研究该强震群形成的构造背景,我们在伽师强震群区及其邻域大约 １１ ０００ｋｍ^２的范围内布设了由 ３０台宽频带数字地震仪组成的流动地震台阵,台站的间距约５－ １０ｋｍ．利用远震体波接收函数的叠加偏移分析及其非线性反演技术,研究了台阵下方０－ １００ｋｍ深度范围内地壳、上地幔的三维Ｓ波速度结构．结果表明：１)Ｍｏｈｏ界面的深度在塔里 木盆地一侧为４０-５２ｋｍ,而在靠近天山一侧的褶皱变形区为６０-７６ｋｍ,南天山山前折皱变形 区的地壳厚度明显增大,地壳内部产生了明显变形;２)塔里木盆地北缘存在明显的不均匀性, 塔里木盆地与天山之间的接触变形关系显示了塔里木盆地向北北西方向的挤压作用,台阵下 方壳幔界面的地形与地表的地貌特征有较好的相关性,山前弧形褶皱带的形成与地下深部结 构及挤压作用有关;３)伽师强震群分布在壳幔界面梯度带的上方,该震群的成因可能与震源 区附近的隐伏断裂活动有关;４)由于震源处于褶皱变形区的地壳上部,相应的剪切模量较小, 这可能是伽师强震群应力降明显偏低的...     

Tomographic determination of the upper crustal structure in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region

IntroductionBetween January and April of 1997, 7 earthquakes with M(6.0 occurred successively in Jiashi, Xinjiang. The continual occurrence of strong earthquakes within such a small area and in such a short period of time is exceptional for intraplate earthquakes. The Jiashi earthquake swarm took place on the northeast side of the Pamirs, where the Tarim basin, South Tianshan and West Karakoram meet (HU, et al, 1989). This is also a place where a number of active faults develop, so it is…     

天山地震带的地壳结构与强震构造环境

以中国西北地区的地震层析成像为基础,研究了天山地震带深部结构的基本特征．结果表明,天山地震带的地壳中部为低速的韧性滑脱层,南天山的断裂深度超过莫霍面,北天山的断裂深度一般只到地壳中部;天山莫霍面的深度一般大于５０ｋｍ,壳－幔边界由宽而缓的速度过渡带构成,中强地震主要位于盆山边界地壳中下部位波速变化较大的区域．帕米尔、南天山和塔里木之间存在一个北北东方向的低速带,乌恰和伽师地震分别位于该低速带东、西两侧的梯度带附近．推测帕米尔、南天山和塔里木之间的相对运动是导致低速带内部物质发生形变并在边界附近产生破裂的主要原因,地幔热物质的侵入对该地区的构造活动起到了重要的动力学作用．     

深地震反射剖面揭示的渭河盆地西安坳陷的地壳精细结构

2005年,跨西安坳陷完成一条NW方向,69 km长的深地震反射剖面,首次获得该区域的地壳精细结构、主要断裂展布和深、浅构造关系图像.地震反射CMP叠加时间剖面显示,以反射事件C为界,地壳被分成上下两部分.上地壳由多组近水平反射带组成,具有分段连续性好、局部存在反射带明显错断或形态突变等特征,清晰地刻画出西安坳陷新生代沉积分层、坳陷底界、渭河断裂带、临潼-长安断裂带和秦岭山前断裂带的几何形态和关系.反射事件C是结晶地壳内宽度约0.5 s的反射带,最深处位于桩号30 km,底界约6.5 s,向西北缓慢抬升至5.5 s,向南东迅速抬升至5.5 s.下地壳有两个明显的反射事件RA、RB: RB是位于桩号40~47 km之间的局部反射团, 而RA为宽度约2 s、向坳陷倾斜的反射带.以桩号38 km为界,反射Moho形态截然不同,而且出现了显著的错断:大桩号方向,反射Moho为位于双程走时11~14 s水平的反射分段连续的过渡带,宽度约3 s;小桩号方向,反射Moho为一宽度约2 s、并向大桩号倾斜的反射分段连续的过渡带,其形态和反射事件RA相同.根据地震波速度资料,求得这几个反射带顶界的深度分别为:10.5~13.5 km(反射带C)、20.3~21.5 km(反射带RB)、16.8~34.3 km(反射带RA)和32~36.7 km(反射带Moho)左右.作者认为形态一致的反射事件RA和反射Moho很可能是古秦岭洋向华北地台俯冲的遗迹.此外,西安坳陷内错断新生界深达反射事件C的渭河和临潼-长安断裂带和莫霍错断的存在,表明该地区地壳现今活动性很强,是未来强震发生值得注意的地区.     

Velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Xingtai earthquake region and its adjacent area

ＶｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔａｎｄｕｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅｉｎＸｉｎｇｔａｉｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　ｉｔｓａｄｊａｃｅｎｔａｒｅａＺｈｉ－ＰｉｎｇＺＨＵ；（祝治平）Ｘｉａｎ－ＫａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ；（张称康）Ｙｕ...     

台湾海峡大容量气枪震源海陆联测初探

本文利用在我国台湾海峡采用大容量气枪震源开展海陆联测获得的广角地震测线HX9, 采用二维射线追踪法反演得到了HX9剖面的地壳二维速度结构和地壳界面形态, 初步探明了福建—台湾海峡海陆过渡带的深部构造． 结果表明: HX9剖面的地壳内存在两个速度间断面, 即C界面和莫霍面, 其中: C界面为上、 下地壳的分界面, 是一个小的速度不连续面, 速度变化值达0.08—0.16 km/s; 而地壳底部的莫霍面则有较大的速度反差, 变化值达1.02—1.29 km/s, 莫霍面上、 下的速度分别为6.75—6.97 km/s和8.00—8.07 km/s． 沿剖面的地壳界面形态总体起伏不大, 陆域上、 下地壳的厚度和界面变化趋势均相似, 从陆域到海域呈微倾斜变化趋势, 表现为减薄陆壳的特征． 莫霍面陆域埋深约为31.6 km, 向福建东南沿海逐渐减薄至27.4 km左右．      

伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究

199年至1998年伽师地区共出现9次震级为6.1-6.8级的强震. 在一个非常短的时间间隔内和非常小的地区范围内接连出现这么多次震级非常接近的地震,确实非常罕见. 为研究伽师强震区的深部构造背景和孕震机制,本文对伽师地震区的余震观测资料进行了分析处理. 利用联合反演技术同时得到了地震震源位置和地震区地壳三维速度结构. 余震震中沿一北北东向条带分布,与强震分布的两个条带中的北东向条带位置基本重合. 三维反演得到的速度结构结果表明,在地下12 km以下存在一条北北东向和一条北北西向的低速条带. 上述两低速条带与强震分布的两个条带位置很接近. 初步推测,低速条带对应了地壳深部的两条断裂. 在我们观测期间,北北东向断裂有微震活动,北北西向断裂相对平静.     

伽师强震群区上地壳三维速度层析成像——人工爆破和天然地震的联合反演

伽师震区位于天山褶皱、帕米尔构造弧与塔里木块体三个构造单元的交接地带，近年来该区发生了一系列的强震活动.为进一步获得该震区详细的地壳速度结构，本文利用人工爆破和天然地震资料联合反演的方法，对1997年新疆伽师震区布设的三维人工地震透射台阵和流动地震台网的资料进行处理，重建了台阵下方上地壳三维速度扰动图像，并结合地震活动分布，对伽师强震群的地震成因作出进一步分析.结果表明研究区上地壳速度结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的非均匀性，随着深度的逐渐加深，震区下方以萨如锡为中心的低速异常体逐步被高速异常体所替代.自12 km深度开始，在与强震群震中相应的位置上，明显出现沿北北西向的高P波速度异常体，在其周围为相对低速分布，呈现出低速条带环绕高速条带的分布格局，V_P/V_S在相同的位置上也表现为高值分布.这种结构上的差异可能与伽师强震群发生有密切关系.16 km深度的P波速度层析图表明，伽师强震群发生在地壳相对高速扰动区内或是高速扰动向低速扰动过渡的边缘，壳内高速体的存在为强震的孕育和发生提供了重要基础.     

A study on physical property of crustal ma—terial and seismogenic environment in northeastern Pamir

2-D crustal structure and velocity ratio are obtained by processing S-wave data from two wide-angle reflec-tion/refraction profiles in and around Jiashi in northeastern Pamir,with the result of P-wave data taken into con-sideration.The result shows that:1)Average crustal velocity ratio is obviously higher in Tarim block than in West Kunlun Mts.and Tianshan fold zone,which reflects its crustal physical property of “hardness“and stability.The relatively low but normal velocity ratio(Poisson‘s ratio)of the lower crust indicates that the “downward thrusting“ of Tarim basin is the main feature of crustal movement in this area.2)The rock layer in the upper crust of Tian-shan fold zone is relatively“soft“,which makes it prone to rupture and stress energy release.This is the primary tectonic factor for the concentration of small earthquakes in this area.3)Jiashi is located right over the apex or the inflection point of the updoming lower crustal interface C and the crust-mantle boundary,which is the deep struc-tural background for the occurrence of strong earthquakes.The alternate variation of vp/vs near the block bounda-ries and the complicated configuration of the interfaces in the upper and middle part of the upper crust form a par-ticular structural environment for the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.vp/vs is comparatively high and shear modulus is low at the focal region,which may be the main reason for the low stress drop of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.     

Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

~~Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction1.Ma,X.Y.,The Atlas of Lithospheric Dynamics of China(in Chinese),Beijing:Atlas Publishing Company,1989,1-68. 2.Liao,Q.L.,Wang,Z.M.,Wang,P.L.et al.,Explosion-generated earthquake study on crustal deep structure in Fuzhou-Quanzhou-Shantou region,Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),1988,31(3):270-280. 3.L…     

DEEP STRUCTURE OF NORTHERN HENAN PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREAS DERIVED FROM GRAVITY AND SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA IN RELATION TO DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

We conduct the wave field separation of the gravity field for northern Henan Province and adjacent areas by the wavelet multi-scale decomposition method, and obtain multi-order gravity wavelet details and regional gravity field information. Then the Parker density surface inversion is used to invert the Moho interface. Based on the analysis of wavelet details in different orders and results of three seismic sounding profiles available in this area, we attempt to reveal the deep crustal structure of the study area. Research results show that the crustal structure is dominated by uneven density distribution accompanied by uplifts and depressions in the region with obvious heterogeneities of the density in horizontal and vertical directions. The gravity field characteristics in the middle-upper crust correspond to the surface topography, the lower crust is dominated by the large-scale high-low gravity anomalies, and several major depression basins show the characteristics of low velocity and low density. At the same time, the depth of the Moho interface changes greatly, which forms the block structure pattern of the regional crustal thickness. Among these features, the area with relatively large variations of the Moho is located in the transition zone of the basin to the Taihang Mountains, or exactly the Moho mutation belt. The Moho interface of the basin area as a whole is dominated by the uplift intertwined with local variations, of which the least and largest depths are 31km and 37km, respectively. Due to the gravity isostasy, the crustal thickness is larger(about 41km)in the northwest of the Taihang Mountains, with less average crustal density. In the study area, earthquakes tend to occur around the transition zone with density changes where the Moho is locally convex. The seismogenic mechanism may be associated with upwelling of upper mantle materials, low-velocity and low-density structures in the middle-lower crust and connection of deep large faults. Moreover, the deep large faults play a controlling role in the distribution of regional earthquakes.     

1997-2003年新疆伽师地震序列时空分布研究

分析研究了伽师地震序列目录。分析结果表明：①1997-2003年伽师地震分为3个发震阶段,不同阶段具有各自的活动特点,第一阶段6级地震频次高,第二阶段5级地震频次高,第三阶段地震强度大,高b值是伽师序列明显起伏前的主要特征;②伽师6级地震经历了由西南向北东再向东南的发展过程,1997年4月16日前发生的6级地震余震分布倾向性不显著,其后发生的6级地震的余震大都分布在主震南侧,2003年2月24日伽师6．8级地震余震分布形态与以往6级地震明显不同,这可能与该区特殊的构造条件有关;③1998年以前伽师6级地震余震扩展不明显,1998年8月27日6级地震余震已显现出扩展趋势,2003年2月24日6级地震余震扩展显著;④伽师强震群6级地震震源深度介于17—31km范围,1997年4月16日后震源深度维持在27km左右范围,表明伽师序列初始破裂从上地壳开始,而优势破裂深度在中地壳;⑤伽师地震整体上表现出由浅到深的分布特征,3个活动阶段5级地震也具有这种特征,多数5级以上地震的震源深度正是震区高速体存在区。     

上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究

通过在上海地区开展深、浅地震反射、地震宽角反射/折射、高分辨地震折射和大地电磁测深等联合剖面探测, 获得了该地区近地表至Moho面的精细速度结构、电性结构和深浅构造关系.结果表明, 该地区地壳可划分为上、中、下三个组成部分.其中，上地壳厚为12～14 km，波速为57～59 km/s；中地壳厚度约为10 km，波速为59～62 km/s；下地壳厚为10～11 km, 波速为62～63 km/s，Moho面深度约为32 km.剖面浅部地质构造复杂，共解释出12条特征明显的断裂.其中，除3条断裂错断结晶基底（G界面）并向下延伸至上地壳底界面外，其他断裂均在深度3～5 km以上终止或收敛于G界面之上.此外，仅在剖面西侧基底下部约13～15 km埋深处发现一厚度在2 km左右的壳内高导层.所以，在综合各方面资料后分析认为，在剖面经过地区不存在发生大地震的深部构造条件，近地表所存在的活动断层是未来产生对该区有影响地震的震源区.     

南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构

跨越南海西南次海盆南部陆缘和南沙地块中部的OBS973-1测线是南海南部首次采集的海底地震仪(OBS)广角反射与折射深地震测线,本文通过震相分析和走时正演拟合,获得了沿测线的二维纵波速度结构模型.模拟结果显示表层沉积物速度2.5～4.5 km/s,厚度1000～3000m,局部基底面起伏较大.结晶基底的速度从顶部的4....     

山西五台山地区地壳深部结构特征研究

利用穿过山西断陷带及五台山区的宽角反射/折射地震测深剖面所获得的资料对该区地壳结构进行研究,结果表明：五台山地区地壳呈明显的分层结构,上下地壳的分界是以壳内较为连续可靠的反射波P3所反映的界面为标志的,上地壳的厚度为23～28km,莫霍界面的深度为39～43km,五台山区是本区M界面最深的地区;地壳结构非均匀变化强烈的地区发生在五台山及其邻近地区,上地壳内较大范围低速异常体的存在和壳内强反射波组的出现可视为地壳深部岩浆活动的一种标志;壳内界面的中断、Pm波的局部不连续和地壳深断裂的存在等诸多现象均表明该地区地壳结构发生了强烈的挤压、变形和构造活动,从而形成了该地区复杂的地形地貌和地壳深浅部异常的结构特征.     

Exploration and Research of Deep Crustal Structures in the Zhangzhou Basin and Its Vicinity

INTRODUCTIONThe Zhangzhou basinislocated onthe southeast coast of Fujian Province .Interms of geotectonicunits ,it lies in the east Fujian volcanic fault-depression zone between the Wuyi-Daiyun mountainupheaval zone and depression zone of Taiwan Straits of the south China block. In terms ofseismotectonics ,it islocatedinthe middle sectionof the southeasterncoastal seismic zone .In history,the area was influenced by repeated destructive earthquakes , and the seismic activity was closely…     

Basement interface structural characteristics beneath Jiashi strong earthquake swarm area in Xinjiang, China

The seismic data obtained from high resolution seismic refraction profile in Jiashi strong earthquake swarm area in Xinjiang, China were further processed with ray hit analysis method and more complete basement interface struc-tural characteristics beneath Jiashi strong earthquake swarm area were determined. The results show that there are two clear basement interfaces at the upper crust in Jiashi strong earthquake swarm area. The first one with buried depth ranging from 2.6 km to 3.3 km presents integral and continuous structure, and it appears an inclined plane interface and smoothly rises up toward Tianshan Mountain. The second basement interface with buried depth from 8.5 km to 11.8 km, is the antiquated crystalline basement of Tarim basin. Near the post number of 37 km, the bur-ied depth of the crystalline basement changed abruptly by 2.5 km, which maybe result from an ultra crystalline basement fault. If taking this fault as a boundary, the crystalline basement could be divided into two parts, i.e. the southwestern segment with buried depth about 11.5 km, and the northeastern segment with buried depth approxi-mately from 8.5 km to 9.0 km. That is to say, in each segment, the buried depth changes not too much. The north-east segment rises up as a whole and upheaves slightly from southwest to northeast, which reflects the upper crustal deformation characteristics under the special tectonic background at the northwestern edge of Tarim basin.     

Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong Earthquake Region

INTRODUCTIONXIJI－Halyuan－Zhon驯el region Is a well－known eaythquake－prone one In China．From 876 to1989,IOrty－five earthquakes with M。34．7 occurred In and around the。glon(Ma Xingyuan,et al,1989)．Seismic activity In this area Is evidently cha。cterized by large matlnltude and high frequency．The 1920 Haiyuan earthquake(M＝8．5)happened nght In this region,which caused a seriousdisaster and had a wide－ranging effect seldom seen worldwide．For the years,lots of…     

新疆伽师强震群区基底界面结构特征

用射线分布分析法对伽师强震群区的高分辨折射地震剖面资料进行了更进一步的分析处理， 得到了伽师强震群区更完整的基底界面结构特征. 结果表明，在伽师强震群区地壳上部存在两个明显的结构界面:第一个界面的结构连续、完整，其埋深变化不大， 在2.6～3.3 km之间，为一向天山方向逐渐抬升、 近平直的倾斜界面；第二个界面的埋深变化较大， 在8.5～11.8 km之间，为古老的塔里木盆地结晶基底. 在约37 km桩号附近结晶基底有近2.5 km的深度突变， 推断可能是伽师强震群区超基底断裂所致. 以该断裂为界，结晶基底分为西南、东北两段. 每段内界面的埋深变化不大， 西南段的埋深约11.5 km， 东北段的埋深约为8.5～9.0 km，该段在从西南向东北整体抬升的背景上略有上隆，反映出在塔里木地块西北缘特殊的构造环境下上部地壳的变形特征.